新型混凝剂处理印染废水的实验研究

采用自行制各的具有不同SiO2:Al:Fe(摩尔比值)和碱化度的两类新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)和聚硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS）各7种，直接对印染废水进行处理。从中选出2种温凝剂，考察了pH值、混凝剂投量等对混凝效果的影响，并对混凝处理后，印染废水出水中残留温凝剂主要成分Al、Fe、SiO2的含量进行分析。实验结果表明，氯化物型(PSAFC)和硫酸盐型(PSAFS)混凝剂对印染废水的色度、浊度、COD Cr均有良好的去除效果；总体而言，PSAFS的混凝效果略优于PSAFC；混凝处理后印染废水出水中残留铝、铁、硅的含量均比较低；pH值和碱化度对温凝剂在水体中残留铝含量有影响。     

电凝聚法处理含苯并三唑废水的条件优化实验

应用电凝聚法处理含苯并三唑废水显示出良好的实用前景, 对其影响因素进行探讨可以为制定实际废水处理方案提供依据.采用室内实验方式, 利用人工配制的模拟废水, 通过改变某个影响因素的实验条件获取系列实验数据.结果发现, 电流密度、极板间距、电解时间、原水的酸碱度(pH值)、原水初始COD、极板数与池容比、絮凝反应时间以及废水组分等均对处理效果产生影响.在实验结果基础上优化了各影响因素的实验条件, 并通过实际废水实验验证了优化条件的可行性和电凝聚法处理含苯并三唑废水的实用性.      

混凝法用于污水处理的实验研究

用混凝法处理洗浴污水，并把处理后的水作为中水回用。影响污水处理效果的因素有混凝剂的种类，混凝剂投加量，水力条件等方面。混凝法处理洗浴废水的最佳条件是：选择比较便宜易得的混凝剂（硫酸铝）采用适宜混凝剂浓度（5％），强化混凝反应强度和时间（强搅拌 较长的反应时间），投加适量的混凝剂（90mg/L)。在最佳试验条件下，可以使处理后的洗浴废水达到中水回用标准和生活杂用水标准。     

Fenton氧化-混凝法处理含活性染料废水的研究

运用Fenton试剂对含活性污染废水进行混凝前的预处理。通过预处理前后废水吸光度曲线的变化，探讨其作用机理。试验表明，直接混凝法处理含活性染料废水时，脱色率仅为10％－30％，吸光度曲线几乎不变。当Fenton试剂对其预处理后，吸光度曲线中的吸收峰消失，继续混凝处理，脱色率可达96.77％。     

钨矿选矿废水处理新技术

采用混凝沉淀技术处理钨矿选矿废水,通过试验确定HNJY新型高效复合絮凝剂作为混凝剂最为合适,投加量为120mg/L,经处理后废水出水水质符合国家污水排放标准并能回用,废水SS约11500mg/L,处理后的出水要求为SS<10mg/L。技术经济分析,投资总费用为67.5万元,处理成本为0.60元/m3,设计工艺可靠且经济合理。本工程既防止了废水对环境的潜在污染,又解决了枯水期选矿用水不足的问题。     

基于工程模糊集的水利工程施工废水处理方法与实践研究

针对水利工程施工产生废水的污染源较为复杂、化学稳定性较差的问题,采用传统废水处理方法无法实现对废水的快速处理,处理能力有限。为此提出基于工程模糊集的水利工程施工废水处理方法与实践研究。依托工程模糊集欧内斯特理论对定量因子集、定性因子集进行计算,确定废水的组成与添加药剂比例。基于筛分楼对废水进行分层处理,将中间层废水进行沉淀处理,沉淀层直接进行脱水处理,引入净水池过滤,完成砂石料加工系统与基坑系统废水处理,对经过滤的水中添加定量的低分子无机絮凝剂和高分子无机絮凝剂,经精滤完成水利工程施工废水处理。试验数据表明,提出的工程模糊集废水处理方法较传统废水处理方法处理效率提高47.28%,适用于不同类型的水利工程施工废水处理。     

非金属矿物混凝剂的特性和去污混凝机理

研制了非金属矿物混凝剂。对造纸废水中的化学耗氧量和色度的去除率分别达８０％和９４％;对地表水的浊度去除率达９９．５％,污泥水率降低,沉降速度快。探讨了非金属矿物混凝剂的去污混凝机理。     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

正交混凝试验在矿井水处理设计中的应用

针对高悬浮物矿井水,设计了5水平6因素的L25(56)正交混凝试验,并通过极差分析确定了混凝的最优化条件,即选择PAC作为混凝剂,pH值调节为9,混凝剂与助凝剂浓度比为20∶1,助凝剂PAM投加滞后30 s,水力条件依次为n=350 r.min-1快速搅拌30 s,n=120 r.min-1中速搅拌4 min,n=60 r.min-1慢速搅拌6 min。通过单因素分析了6种因素对混凝的影响程度,即:PAM投量>混凝剂种类>pH值>混凝剂投量>水力条件>投加时间。依试验结果,对垂向轴式混合反应池进行了参数设计。     

矿物,岩石对纳米金吸附作用的实验研究

以实验方法配制成了纳米级大小的微粒金，使存在于溶液中，并加以保护，以免纳米微粒金自动凝聚长大，在此基础上，用各种矿物和岩石进行吸附实验研究，实验结果表明，不同的矿物和岩石对纳米金的吸附性能不同。     

Hybrid coagulation/ozonation treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using ferric chloride,polyaluminum chloride and ozone

In recent years, concerns about the occurrence and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, solvents, intermediates and raw materials that could be present in pharmaceutical industry effluents have gained increasing attention. Conventional treatment methods, such as activated sludge, are not sufficient enough to remove active pharmaceutical ingredients completely. As a result, complementary treatment methods like coagulation and flocculation are often used and play a critical role in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. The primary goal of these methods is to destabilize and remove colloidal particles along with other organic/inorganic contaminants. Recently empirical works have considered ozone as the most promising oxidant for the removal of micro-pollutants. The current study examined the effectiveness of coagulation/flocculation process using ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and aluminum sulfate as a reasonable approach to tackle the issue of treating pharmaceutical wastewater. In addition, the results were compared with the process using only ferric chloride that was the coagulant of an actual treatment plant. Then, improvement of the process performance was investigated using ozone as an oxidant. In conclusion, it was found out that polyaluminum chloride presented better performance among two other coagulants and also adding 200 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride can lead to 97–98 % turbidity removal efficiency. Moreover, polyaluminum chloride was capable of reducing most of the environmental parameters such as chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solid with the removal efficiency of 70 and 68 %, respectively. Additionally, ozonation improved the coagulation process, especially iron ion removal, and dramatically decreased the concentration from 5.68 to 0.19 mg/L.     

Coagulation performance and microstructural morphology of a novel magnetic composite coagulant for pre-treating landfill leachate

A novel magnetic composite coagulant, prepared from nano-Fe₃O₄ and poly-aluminum chloride, was introduced to pre-treat mature landfill leachate. The coagulation performance of the coagulant as well as its microstructural morphology was discussed. Coagulation experimental results revealed that the coagulation performance of the landfill leachate using the new coagulant was better than that using poly-aluminum chloride alone, with COD and color removals above 60 and 68%, respectively. Based on the analysis of three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix spectrum, the fluorescence signals of treated leachate are totally reduced by the magnetic composite coagulant. The components of dissolved organic matters in the wastewater are removed in different degrees. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis shows that the magnetic composite coagulant, which is a multi-core polymer with hydroxyl ligands and nano-Fe₃O₄, has a complex valence and crystal structure. Besides, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis indicates that the chemical composition of the magnetic composite coagulant is not changed significantly, which has comprehensively combined the chemical characteristics of both nano-Fe₃O₄ and poly-aluminum chloride, whereas the specific surface area of the novel magnetic composite coagulant effectively increased by nano-Fe₃O₄ particles under the analysis of scanning electron microscope spectral. The specific surface area analysis indicates that the magnetic composite coagulant is interconnected by narrow cracks and holes and has a high specific surface area and developed pore structure, which is also similar to the typical porous-type materials. Therefore, the nano-Fe₃O₄ compounded with poly-aluminum chloride leads to a larger specific surface, smaller average pore diameter, and more pore volume of the novel coagulant.     

Feed-forward-based software sensor for outlet turbidity of coagulation process considering plug flow condition

Physical online sensors are widely used in wastewater treatment plants. The high costs of acquisition and maintenance as well as the delayed response due to long hydraulic retention times, applications of some physical online sensors are limited. Consequently, studies on developing software sensors have been drawn much attentions these years. Aiming to predict treatment results after water is coagulated, and this paper focuses on developing a software sensor of outlet turbidity for coagulation process. Solution to address the potential non-plug flow conditions in sedimentation tanks is discussed. Model validation results show that the proposed software sensor has 86% of accuracy within the main working range. This paper expresses a novel concept that what the proposed software sensor predicted has been not formed in the coagulation process. Since the software sensor enables to know the treatment results without waiting for long hydraulic retention time of sedimentation tank, it not only shortens the response time of manual dosing control but also serves as a feedback parameter to define optimal dosage for coagulant dosing control systems.     

Coagulant proteins identified in Mustard: a potential water treatment agent

The use of natural coagulant protein in drinking water treatment has been discussed for a long time, though the method is still not in practice, probably due to limited knowledge and availability of material. In the present work, different Mustard varieties were tested for the presence of coagulant protein compared with Moringa seed extract and their potential application in water treatment. The coagulation activity of the protein extract was measured using synthetic clay solution as well as water from pond. The protein content was determined by Bradford method, molecular mass determined by Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and peptide sequence was analyzed by Mass spectrometry. Extract of Mustard (large) and Moringa seed showed coagulation activity of ?70 and ?85 % after 90 min, respectively. Interestingly, seed extracts from other Mustard varieties had coagulation activity after heat activation at 95 °C for 5 h. However, the coagulation activity of Mustard seed extract against turbid pond water was higher (?60 %) compared to Moringa seed extract (?50 %). The peptide sequence analysis of 6.5 and 9 kDa proteins was found to be homologous to Moringa coagulant protein and napin3, respectively. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on Mustard seed having coagulant protein. The coagulation activity of Mustard (large) against highly turbid pond water suggested that it could be a potential natural coagulant for water treatment.     

柱撑粘土复合材料的研究进展及其在环境污染物治理方面的应用

以具有片状或层状结构以及较为规整的大孔结构的粘土材料为母体,在其层间引入不同阳离子化合物为柱化剂而合成出性能各异的新型柱撑粘土 (pillared clay)复合材料及其应用是目前环境地球化学研究中备受瞩目的研究前沿之一.对柱撑粘土复合材料的制备进展及其在环境污染治理中的应用进展进行了系统的综述,详细探讨了各种合成影响因素如有机阳离子、无机阳离子以及两者联用柱化剂的选择、复合材料热处理过程、表面酸化预处理等手段对合成柱撑粘土复合材料的制备及性能的影响,同时还对柱撑粘土复合材料在水体和大气环境中毒害有机污染物治理方面的应用进行了比较详细的综述.     

Phosphorus removal in low alkalinity secondary effluent using alum

The alkalinity plays an important role in phosphorus removal using coagulant. The dosage of coagulant in the low alkalinity wastewater is limited due to rapid pH changes. In the present study, a series of jar test was conducted using low alkalinity wastewater (50 mg/L) to evaluate the optimum pH, dosage and performance parameters (slow mixing and settling time) for the common coagulant alum. From the experiment, it was found that the dosage of coagulant and removal of phosphorus depend upon the pH of the wastewater after adding coagulant. The final optimum pH for efficient P removal was found to be within the range of 5.7–5.9. This range acts as an indicator and it is the maximum tolerable pH range for phosphorus removal for low alkalinity wastewater. The optimum time for slow mix and settling was found to be 20 min. The optimum mole ratio of alum to remove one mole of phosphorous was found to be 2.3. The alum coagulation at pH 7 produced effluent with the total residual phosphorus and reactive phosphorus content of 0.3 and 0.9 mg/L, respectively.     

重金属废水处理技术综述

综述了目前流行的各种重金属废水的实用处理技术,分析了各种处理技术的优缺点,并针对每种处理方法的缺点提出了改进措施。文章指出了微生物絮凝法处理重金属废水是一种最经济可靠的方法。