附不等式约束的总体最小二乘迭代算法

基于惩罚函数和测量平差中权的思想,提出了附不等式约束的总体最小二乘平差模型,即利用惩罚函数对不等式约束方程构造约束权,通过零权和无限权将不等式约束转换为等式约束,从而将不等式约束平差准则转化为传统的测量平差准则。同时,根据非线性最小二乘平差理论,用构造结构矩阵的方法来顾及系数矩阵的结构性,推导了附不等式约束的总体最小二乘迭代算法。该算法迭代格式与传统的间接平差类似,只需经过若干次迭代便能得到最优解。     

加权EIV模型的经典最小二乘算法

采用GHM方法将EIV模型在最优解处线性化,得到解的近似方差。然后,将EIV模型表达成与Gauss-Markov模型相似的形式,利用标准最小二乘理论推导EIV模型的解及近似方差矩阵,得到与已有算法等价的结论。最后,推导观测值估值和残差的统计性质,建立起一整套EIV模型参数估计和精度评定的体系。     

部分有界不确定性数据平差方法

针对传统最小二乘法以及总体最小二乘法不完全适合于系数矩阵带有有界误差,及有界不确定性数据平差方法也不能直接用于系数矩阵只是部分带有有界误差的问题,基于有界误差问题的平差方法,给出解决部分有界问题的迭代算法,并验证该方法的有效性。     

病态总体最小二乘靶向奇异值修正法

一般病态问题是法矩阵出现几个特征奇异值,计算过程中可用靶向矩阵修正奇异值。总体最小二乘迭代过程中,系数矩阵不断微变,靶向矩阵也应随之改变。针对靶向矩阵变化问题,推导2种病态总体最小二乘靶向奇异值修正法,先求出新系数矩阵,再求靶向矩阵,最后迭代计算出参数估值。实验验证了该方法的优势。     

多元加权总体最小二乘新解法

将多元加权总体最小二乘模型进行变换,转化为加权总体最小二乘模型,推导构造新的系数矩阵和系数矩阵元素协因数阵的公式,研究多元加权总体最小二乘的解算流程。以Jazaeri加权总体最小二乘为例,给出多元总体最小二乘参数的解算过程。通过算例分析和比较,验证了该方法的有效性。     

广义补偿最小二乘估计及其统计性质

分析了半参数模型最小二乘解的特点,特别指出矩阵BTPB病态或奇异时,补偿最小二乘将会失效。基于线形模型岭估计原理,提出了半参数广义补偿最小二乘估计法,给出了其估计公式及其统计性质,并通过算例分析得出了相应的结论。     

空间直线拟合的PEIV模型的构建与解法

针对空间直线拟合不宜直接采用总体最小二乘算法和混合总体最小二乘算法的问题,提出一种基于PEIV模型的总体最小二乘法的空间直线拟合算法。首先将空间直线的标准方程进行变换,改写为总体最小二乘的EIV模型;然后针对系数矩阵的特点,将模型转换为更加合理的PEIV模型,线性化成类似于最小二乘间接平差形式,采用迭代的方法求解拟合参数。平差过程保证了系数矩阵重复元素的改正数一致,常数元素的改正数为零,符合实际理论;最后,通过算例比较验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

基于Rayleigh商的不等精度二次曲线拟合的WTLS迭代解法

针对独立不等精度离散点的二次曲线拟合问题,以系数矩阵元素的一阶误差传播得到的方差为权倒数,采用加权总体最小二乘估计方法求解拟合参数,将加权总体最小二乘问题转化为Rayleigh商问题,从而只需求一正定矩阵的特征值和特征向量,便可通过迭代计算得到待估参数的解。该方法性能稳定且计算量较小,是针对WTLS问题的一种相对简捷高效的计算方法。     

病态加权总体最小二乘靶向病灶的正则化方法

病态EIV模型的病灶源于设计矩阵的部分数据列之间存在复共线性关系。针对病灶特点制定正则化策略,在克服病态性的同时尽量减小正则化过程所引起的副作用,提出靶向病灶的正则化方法。通过数值试验,与总体最小二乘方法、病态总体正则化方法等进行比较,结果表明靶向病灶的正则化方法最优。     

线性回归总体最小二乘平差模型及解算

针对系数矩阵含有一列常数列的线性回归总体最小二乘平差问题,提出一种总体最小二乘平差模型。在此基础上,推导了线性回归总体最小二乘的迭代算法,并采用一个算例验证了模型和算法的可行性。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research