从沉积物的矿物分析论珠江河口湾伶仃洋的泥沙来源

1975年开展对伶仃航道的调查,从虎门到桂山岛共采得底质样品296个。1976年10月在万山群岛海区,11—12月在三角洲水道(图1)共采到底质样品211个。1977年进行了矿物鉴定样品87个,1978年编写了《伶仃洋泥沙来源初步调查研究报告》。本文从矿物学的角度分析伶仃洋的上游来沙和海方来沙,力求指出各滩槽泥沙的不同来源。     

九龙江口枝角类的分布

本文根据1983年2月至1984年1月在九龙江口采集的浮游动物样品,并参考1979年2月以来所采的样品,分析报道了该海区枝角类的种类组成和数量分布.共鉴定枝角类31种,以淡水类群占优势,种数季节分布为双周期型,总量分布为单周期型,种数和总量在河口上部数量高,在口部数量低。文中还讨论了其分布与环境因素的关系。     

3种浮游生物网对强壮箭虫捕获效率的比较研究

为了比较大型浮游生物网(网孔505μm)、WP-2型浮游生物网(网孔200μm)和小型浮游生物网(网孔77μm)对强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)的捕获效率,利用2012年11月在渤海中部采集的浮游动物样品进行了分析。结果显示:小网的捕获效率最高,分别为大网的2.9倍、WP-2网的1.3倍;大网对体长9mm以下个体有明显漏采,WP-2网对体长4mm以下和部分4~5mm个体有明显漏采,小网对体长9mm以上个体的捕获效率略低于大网和WP-2网。不同网具的捕获效率与箭虫个体大小密切相关,个体越小,网具间捕获效率的差异越明显,随着体长增大,差异缩小。建议今后在强壮箭虫的繁殖季节采集小网样品,作为其他网具样品的必要补充,为毛颚动物的种群动力学研究提供更全面、准确的基础数据。     

1997年7月一航次中莱州湾自由生纤毛虫和桡足类幼虫的分布

近年来 ,微型浮游动物的研究受到人们的重视。自由生纤毛虫和桡足类幼虫是微型浮游动物的重要类群 ,本文报道１９９７年７月一航次中莱州湾自由生纤毛虫和桡足类幼虫的分布 。１材料和方法本文的采样于１９９７年７月１９～２４日搭乘“海监１１”船完成 ,调查站位如图１（Ａ）所示 ,调查海区平均水深１７ｍ。在每一站位用ＣＴＤ测量水体的温度和盐度。用荧光光度计测量叶绿素ａ浓度。在各站位采表层水１ｄｍ３装入塑料样品瓶中 ,加Ｌｕｇｏｌ＇ｓ溶液至２ %浓度固定水样。样品在一个月内分析完毕。分析时 ,样品被逐级浓缩至１００ｃｍ３左…     

南黄海和东海陆架区束毛藻(Trichodesmium)的分布特征

本文根据国家海洋局1977年12月至1978年11月在28°-34°N,120°30'-127°E海域69个站逐月用小型浮游生物网(孔径64μm)自底至表垂直拖曳的805份样品,研究束毛藻(Trichodesmium)周年的分布特征,并探讨其与若干环境因子(温、盐度和黑潮等流系等)的关系。     

长江口区底栖生物及三峡工程对其影响的预测

在“三峡工程对长江河口区生态与环境的影响和对策”的研究课题中,底栖生物的研究包括两部分内容。对活动性较大的经济无脊椎动物,是与游泳生物结合进行底拖网试捕调查,将另文论述。本文主要研究底栖生物中的底内动物(infauna)的生态特点。 本文研究根据的是1985年6月-1986年1月和1986年3-6月逐月调查所得的318个定量样品。海上取样以取样面积为0.1㎡的采泥器毎站取样两次作为一个样品,通过0.5mm的筛网冲洗,挑出标本并称重计数。     

广东省近岸海域贝类腹泻性毒素含量与胃含物的分析

通过对2005年4月至9月广东近岸海域贝类81个样品的腹泻性贝毒素进行小白鼠生物法检测,结果表明:(1)DSP毒素含量值≥0.05MU/g的有34个样品,其中翡翠贻贝和牡蛎所占的比例最大;同种贝类的腹泻性贝毒素存在一定的季节差异,秋季含量最高。(2)对其中腹泻性贝毒素含量值较高的8个样品进行胃含物海洋微藻种类的鉴定,结果是波纹巴非蛤、三棱骨螺和结蚶胃含物样品中含有产腹泻性贝毒的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima)和原甲藻(Prorocentrum sp.)。     

中太平洋柱样430的古地磁和沉积间断研究

根据中太平洋柱样430的古地磁测量结果并结合柱样的岩性、生物地层学和同位素年代学的研究资料,讨论了钻孔所在海域的沉积史。结果表明,中新世中期至上新世早期(约距今1500—340万年)和晚第四纪末(约距今4万年)以采存在明显的沉积间断。在上新世晚期末至第四纪早期(约距今240—90万年)之间的沉积物中可能存在沉积间断。上述有关时期内出现的深海底侵蚀和沉积间断与地史时期南极底层环流形成和增强有关。作者认为古地磁应作为研究太平洋沉积间断的一种重要工具。     

南极夏季宇航员海浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

基于中国第36次南极科学考察期间(2019年12月至2020年1月)于南极宇航员海使用北太平洋网(0.5 m2,330 μm)采集的浮游动物样品,对浮游动物的丰度、群落结构、优势种种群结构及其与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究.结果 表明:2019/2020年南极夏季宇航员海浮游动物总丰度在8.93-102.00ind./...     

春季长江口北支邻近海域浮游植物群落及其影响因子

为了解长江口北支邻近海域浮游植物群落结构特征,于2014年5月对该海域进行采样调查,分析了调查区域内的浮游植物群落组成及环境影响因素,并对比了水采和网采两种采样方法所得样品的差异性。结果表明:水采浮游植物种类数(178种)和细胞平均丰度(270.32×103cells/L)均高于网采浮游植物种类数(154种)和细胞平均丰度(6.44×10~3cells/L)。骨条藻Skeletonema spp.、具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata和双角缝舟藻Rhaphoneis amphiceros为两种方法的共同优势种。水采样品优势种还包括线形海链藻Thalassiosira lineate、角海链藻Thalassiosira angulate、全沟藻Teleaulax spp.、锥状斯克里普藻Scrippsiella trochoidea、旋链海链藻Thalassiosira curviseriata,而网采样品优势种还有琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus。聚类分析结果显示水采浮游植物群落比网采浮游植物群落更聚集,相似性百分比分析进一步揭示两种采样方法群落格局间非相似性高达68.2%,造成两种采样方法差异的主要判别种为旋链海链藻、角海链藻和盾卵形藻Cocconeis scutellum。冗余分析表明,影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子为悬浮物浓度、温度、透明度和盐度。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.