中国沿海地区高质量发展的路径

高质量发展是跨越中等收入陷阱、跻身发达经济体的关键举措.随着改革开放的深入,沿海地区正日益成为经济增长的压舱石、国家制造业中心、打造创新型国家的前沿地带、开放型经济建设的排头兵、绿色发展的示范窗口,具备高质量发展的典型特征,将有效带动内陆地区步入高质量发展的正轨,形成对整个国家高质量发展的有力支撑,塑造区域协调发展新格...     

沿海地区可持续发展研究的地理视角与贡献

可持续发展思想从各方面为地理学的发展注入了强大的推动力．地理学也在可持续发展研究中发挥了巨大作用,表现在地理学已成为可持续发展的理论基础以及为可持续发展研究提供方法支撑等。作为反映人海交互作用力最明显的典型区域,沿海地区可持续发展相关研究已受到普遍关注与重视。在可持续发展研究的基础上,地理学对沿海地区可持续发展的研究特别是在人地关系及其优化、可持续发展的区域性与差异性、可持续发展的产业结构与布局、资源环境承载力、城市可持续发展等方面展开了研究。本文从地理学视角探讨了地理学对沿海地区可持续发展的研究领域与贡献,并提出未来地理学应该适应可持续发展研究的需要．进一步加强地理综合集成与地理信息技术应用等方面的研究。     

广东沿海地区风暴潮易损性评估

从系统学角度出发,对广东省沿海地区(阳江-汕尾岸段)风暴潮灾害易损性因子进行综合分析,提出从社会经济、土地利用、生态环境、滨海构造物和承灾能力5个方面对风暴潮承灾体进行易损性评估,建立广东省沿海地区风暴潮易损性评价指标体系.依托国际通用的海岸易损性评估模式并对其进行改进,建立与广东省沿海地区相适应的风暴潮易损性评价模型...     

中国粮食安全脆弱区的识别及空间分异

In view of food affordability and the threshold for food security, this paper has established an integrated index for assessing the vulnerability of food security in China, which is composed mainly of the balance between food supply and demand, the reserve for food security and the economic capacity for offset food demand. Six types of food security regions are identified based on the data from county-level statistics. At regional scale, China’s food security is not optimistic. Under normal conditions without the emergence of extreme disasters and decline of grain-sown areas, China’s most vulnerable areas (Type VI) account for 30.3% of the total number of counties (cities), which are unable to meet the ends by food productivity or market based measures at subsistence levels. In China, there are only 14.5% of the counties (cities) that could guarantee well-off food security through grain production (Type I) or economic measures to meet the demand by themselves (Type III). According to the different vulnerable levels of food security and its dominant forming factors, vulnerable regions of food security in China could be classified into three categories: (1) Vulnerable regions of food security dominated by natural factors (including Type IV and Type VIa), which account for 39.4% of the total number of counties (cities), mainly located in fragile ecologic zones, i.e., farming-grazing transitional zones in the marginal areas of summer monsoon, the poor hilly areas in southern China and so on; (2) Vulnerable regions of food security dominated by low ratio of grain-sown areas (including Type VIb and Type V), which account for 16.7% of the total number of counties (cities), mostly located in the developed areas in the eastern coast of China; (3) Potential vulnerable regions of food security with underdeveloped local economies (Type II), of which 57% are the main grain-surplus regions in China, mainly located in the areas of plains and basins with favorable climate.     

中国沿海地区持续发展隐患浅论

根据作者实地考察,发现中国沿海地区经济势头迅猛增长中隐含不少重大问题,包括重复建设、急功近利、追求自我完善体系,与当代国际经济一体化的走势相背。由于防灾意识淡薄,环境问题突出,资金浪费严重,许多重大项目建设布局不合理。本文探讨了隐患形成机制及其防范对策。     

中国沿海地区外向型经济发展的国际背景分析

中国的改革开放促进了沿海地区的外向型经济的发展，外资，外贸对经济增长的作用日益突出，随着投资环境的改善，沿海地区出现了外资中进北移的趋势，来正西方发达国家大型跨国公司的投资也逐渐增多，加入世界贸易组织，将为沿海地区广泛参与国际分工创造有利条件，同时，也将为沿海地区的不同区域带来不同的影响。     

我国沿海地区生态城市建设评价

本文从城市生态系统的结构、功能和协调度三个方面构建了生态城市的指标体系,提出了生态城市的评价方法,并选取沿海16个城市进行城市生态化建设的综合评价与比较分析。采用适合生态城市建设的数学模型对这些城市的复合生态系统进行定量分析,其中指标涉及人口指标、生态环境指标、经济指标与社会指标4个方面,构建3个一级指标,10个二级指标,25个三级指标。得出了16个沿海城市生态化水平的比较结果,因之深圳在城市结构、城市功能方面明显高于其它城市,其生态化综合水平位居首位,其值超过标准值达到了1.19,营口市在工业废水达标率、环境噪声达标率、人均生活用水、人均国民生产总值与失业率方面得分最低是导致其生态化综合水平最低的主要原因。16市在城市环境方面得分普遍较低,表明大气质量与环境噪声是限制这些城市生态建设的主要因素。     

中国沿海地区构建城市带战略思考

文章分析了沿海地区形成城市带的机理和作用,构划了在沿海地区建设从北到南绵延几千公里。包括辽东半岛城市群、京津唐城市群、山东半岛城市群、长江三角洲城市群、福建沿海城市群、珠江三角洲城市群在内的巨型城市带的设想。城市带以香港、上海、京津为龙头,以厦门、青岛、大连为结点,以滨海山水城市为特色,以城市组合为手段,以观念和制度创新为理念,以加强城市间物流、人流、信息流、科技流为目标,整合优势资源,实施可持续发展,构筑开放、流动、有序、互补的城市带,形成城市带—城市群—城市圈3个层次城市带空间结构。最后,探讨了实施城市带建设的有关问题。     

辽宁沿海地区循环经济发展综合评价

科学构建循环经济评价指标体系,评价和监测循环经济发展的状态和程度,是循环经济研究的重要内容,是地区实现可持续发展的依据.基于国家规定循环经济评价指标体系,应用层次分析法对辽宁沿海地区循环经济发展进行评价,结果表明:大连是循环经济发展态势较好地区;葫芦岛、丹东是循环经济发展有待加强地区;营口、锦州、盘锦是急需加快循环经济发展的重点地区.并提出今后循环经济发展的重点和方向及加快辽宁沿海地区循环经济发展的对策、建议.     

中国沿海地区持续发展问题与对策

“持续发展”思想对于区域开发研究具有指导意义。据此，结合我国沿海地区经济发展的现状，本文就经济的持续适度快速增长，外向型经济发展与产业结构的优化，重大建设项目的合理布局，城市化与大中小城市的协调发展，自然资源的节约与有效开发利用，生态环境的治理与保护等影响持续发展的重大问题作了分析，并提出对策。     

Appraisal of typical rural development models during rapid urbanization in the eastern coastal region of China

The sustainability of regional rural development depends on the integrated status and the coordination between rural resources-environment conditions and rural socioeconomic development. In this paper a diagnostic indicator system is proposed to appraise four representative rural development models such as Mentougou model, Taicang model, Yueqing model and Qionghai model in the eastern coastal region of China from the integrated perspective of population, resources, environment, and development. In conclusion, the formation and evolution of these diverse rural development models are the direct response to the very different characteristics in the environment, market demand, and regional culture. These models are common in that their sustainability depends on the scientific guidance of the regional development functional positioning, strong intra-regional interactions, and self-adaptability to the external conditions.     

1996-2005年中国沿海地区土地利用转换时空分析

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transforma- tional development and investigations on the spot, this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade, with the aid of GIS technology. Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows: (1) the arable land had been continuously de- creasing from 1996 to 2005, with a loss of 1,708,700 hm2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm2 per year; (2) land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm2, with an average increment of 153,200 hm2 per year; (3) total area of encroachment on arable land for con- struction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm2, accounting for 34.03% of the arable land loss in the same period, the percentages of which used for industrial land (INL), trans- portation land (TRL), rural construction land (RUL) and town construction land (TOL) are 45.03%, 15.8%, 15.47% and 11.5%, respectively; and (4) the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation's macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy. The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures, rural urbanization and expansion of rural set- tlements in the eastern coastal area, and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.     

Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996–2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transforma-tional development and investigations on the spot, this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade, with the aid of GIS technology. Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows: (1) the arable land had been continuously de-creasing from 1996 to 2005, with a loss of 1,708,700 hm2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm2 per year; (2) land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm2, with an average increment of 153,200 hm2 per year; (3) total area of encroachment on arable land for con-struction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm2, accounting for 34.03% of the arable land loss in the same period, the percentages of which used for industrial land (INL), trans-portation land (TRL), rural construction land (RUL) and town construction land (TOL) are 45.03%, 15.8%, 15.47% and 11.5%, respectively; and (4) the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation’s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy. The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures, rural urbanization and expansion of rural set-tlements in the eastern coastal area, and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.     

Spatial characteristics of development efficiency for urban tourism in eastern China: A case study of six coastal urban agglomerations

The traditional data envelopment analysis（DEA）, bootstrap-DEA and Malmquist models are employed to measure different tourism efficiencies and their spatial characteristics of 61 cities in six coastal urban agglomerations in eastern China. The following conclusions are drawn.（1） The comprehensive efficiency（CE） of urban tourism using the bootstrap-DEA model is lower than the CE level using the DEA-CRS model, which confirms the significant tendency of the DEA-CRS model to overestimate results.（2） The geometric CE averages of urban tourism in the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） and the Pearl River Delta（PRD） have changed from ineffective to effective since 2000, the averages in the Beijing-TianjinHebei（BTH） and the Shandong Peninsula（SDP） have changed from ineffective to moderately effective since 2000, and those in the Central and Southern Liaoning（CSL） and the West Bank of Taiwan Strait（WBTS） have been ineffective since 2000.（3） The CE values of urban tourism in the PRD, the YRD, the BTH and the SDP have been slightly affected by the pure technical efficiency（PTE）, whereas the CE values in the CSL and the WBTS have been slightly affected by the scale efficiency（SE） since 2000.（4） Spatially, the range of geometric averages of the total factor productivity（TFP） for the PRD, the YRD, the BTH, the SDP, the WBTS and the CSL has decreased sequentially, while the one for most cities in six urban agglomerations has exhibited a downward trend since 2000.（5） Collectively, the natural conditions, the economic policies and the tourism capital drive the SE change of urban tourism of the CSL and the WBTS. The tourism enterprises for increasing returns to scale and imitating innovative technology have an effect on the CE change of urban tourism in the BTH and the SDP. The tourism market competition drives the PTE change of urban tourism in the PRD and the YRD. Although the PTE and the SE of urban tourism in six coastal urban agglomerations suffer from uncertain events, the     

我国东部沿海省区城镇化水平影响因素的空间差异

本文利用2000年截面数据,用因子分析法考察了我国东部沿海省区人口城镇化影响因素的差异、特征和类型。分析结果表明,沿海省区的城镇化水平受到多种因素不同程度的影响,各省区城镇化水平的影响因素及其影响作用呈现出明显的差异化特征,既有明显受到转型期要素流动影响的省份如广东省;也有综合经济实力提高推动城镇化的区域如沪苏和浙江省;还有表现为典型的工业化带动城镇化的传统模式的省份如山东省等。省区间差异化的城镇化影响因素表明,我国沿海省区的城镇化具有明显的个性化特征。     

温州沿海地区城镇化带型发展的机制与规律

以温州乐清市为例, 对沿海地区城镇化带型发展动因机制及其规律进行了初步探讨, 揭示了城镇体系演化与交通区位变化的相关关系。通过运用城镇化综合度指标, 在研究城镇体系结构的基础上, 建立了城镇化扩展域模型, 并深入分析了一定时期城镇化带型发展与区域经济实力和人口规模之间的相关性, 对于指导城镇规划和区域土地利用优化配置的实践, 具有重要的意义     

环渤海地区城镇化与农村协调发展的时空特征

城镇化是区域发展的必然趋势,探究城镇化过程中农村发展响应对于理解城乡关系、区域城镇化以及农村发展具有重要的指导意义。本文着力构建城镇化与农村发展评价指标体系以揭示环渤海地区城镇化与农村发展时空格局,并探究二者的协调特征。结果表明:1环渤海地区城镇化与农村发展均存在明显的空间差异,二者高低值空间分布不完全吻合,农村发展差距整体上小于城镇化差距;2城镇化能在一定程度上推动农村发展,但随着城镇化水平提升,二者协调程度下降,农村发展分异加大;3协调分析需要紧密结合城镇化与农村发展状态,三者空间分布存在多种耦合情形。认为新型城镇化背景下,统筹城乡发展需要着力打破城乡二元管理体制,创新城镇化与农村发展协调机制;应着力凸显地域主体功能,加强不同功能区间的协同;宜依托区域自身禀赋特征,探索契合当地特色的城镇化道路。     

中国沿海地区农户对新农村建设响应的区域差异(英文)

To tackle the issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas,the central government of China initiated a new strategy called ’new countryside construction’ in 2005.For better understanding its actual effect,this paper analyzes the regional diversity of peasant household response to this new countryside construction strategy based on Kruskal-Wallis H test and sampling survey data from 586 households in the Bohai Rim Region (BRR),Yangtze River Delta Region (YDR),and Pan Pearl River Delta Region (PPR).The result indicates that regional diversity in eastern coastal China (ECC) does exist in the form of recognized priority sequence,policy requirements,expected policy effects,and behavior response.As a result of the deviation between local policy practice and households’ inherent demand,peasants fulfill their de facto demand via individual effort instead of government aid,and therefore the new countryside construction fails to carry out the expected target.It thus needs to shift the current policy priority,ensure the peasants’ mainstay role,and formulate scientific ’Rules for new countryside construction’.     

转型视阈下珠三角地区乡村发展过程及地域模式梳理

在乡村振兴战略背景下,系统梳理珠三角地区的乡村发展演变历程及其主要地域模式,对中国乡村发展和振兴的科学路径选择具有重要参考价值。珠三角地区的乡村发展演变历经了4个阶段。① 1978年以前,传统乡村发展阶段。在国际市场需求刺激下出现“弃田筑塘,废稻树桑”,逐渐形成桑基鱼塘的有机循环农业生产模式,呈现出传统农业景观。② 1978—2000年,工业化驱动发展阶段。以乡镇企业嫁接外资形式推动了自下而上的工业化和城镇化,乡村空间逐渐形成了“生活居住+农业生产+工业生产”三位一体的功能结构,空间分化与混杂性特征显著。③ 2000—2008年,城市化与都市化双轨并行阶段。政府主导的城市土地开发和基础设施投资建设,促使珠三角地区逐渐演变为“大集聚,小分散”的城乡发展转型空间格局。④ 2008年至今,都市化驱动乡村急剧转型阶段。珠三角都市圈建设进程加快,城乡体系逐步向一体化和网络化发展,乡村地区的产业发展趋向多元分化,乡村破碎化的非正规空间促使形成全球城市区域下马赛克式分布的空间格局。基于不同区位的外部性和内生性因素的差异性,珠三角地区的乡村发展模式可归纳为城市区域型、近郊型、远郊型等不同地域类型。在乡村发展转型过程中,外部性的环境变化、内部要素分化与重构机制直接影响到乡村振兴的科学路径和模式选择。     

The process and driving forces of rural hollowing in China under rapid urbanization

Rural hollowing is a recent geographic phenomenon that has received significant attention in China, which is experiencing rapid urbanization. It has led to the wasteful use of rural land resources, and imposed obstacles on the optimization of land use and coordinated urban-rural development. Rural hollowing has various forms of manifestation, which refers to the neglect and vacancy of rural dwellings, both of which can lead to damage and ultimate abandonment of rural dwellings. Damaged dwellings have different degrees of destruction, ranging from slight, moderate to severe. The evolutive process of rural hollowing in general has five stages, i.e., emergence, growth, flourishing, stability, and decline. Based on the combination of both regional economic development level and its physiographic features, the types of rural hollowing can be categorised as urban fringe, plain agricultural region, hilly agricultural region, and agro-pastoral region. Especially, the plain agricultural region is the most typical one in rural hollowing, which shows the spatial evolution of rural hollowing as a “poached egg” pattern with a layered hollow core and solid shape. Furthermore, the driving forces behind rural hollowing are identified as the pull of cities and push of rural areas. In particular, this paper identifies contributors to rural hollowing that include rural depopulation in relation to rapid urbanisation and economic change, land ownership and land use policy, and institutional barriers.