彭州市山区引种蔬菜的农业气候分析

运用农业气候相似的原理，对彭州市平坝种植的蔬菜向山区引种进行了农业气候分析，其结果对开发山区农业气候资源和二线蔬菜基地的建设具有重要意义     

计算机多元分析在饲料研究中的应用

本文用多元分析方法运用电子计算机依10种动物必需氨基酸构成比例对58种饲料进行数值分类。分类是用欧氏距离作为相似性测度,聚类算法采用类平均距离法,得到一系统聚类图。     

彭州市平坝地区秋季农业气候资源的分析利用

对彭州市平坝地区在秋季水稻收获后，小麦播种前这一时段进行了光热水资源的农业气候分析，为种植与资源相适应的农作物、合理利用农业气候资源提供了依据。     

居室最适合放置及不宜放置的植物

植物是人类的朋友,人们喜欢用它们来装饰居室,有利于身心健康。最近,美国航空航天局的科学家们发现,常青的观叶植物以及绿色开花植物中,很多都有消除建筑物内有毒化学物质的作用。此次研究还发现,植物不光是靠叶子吸取物质,植物的根以及土壤里的细菌在清除有害物方面都功不可没     

遥感影像监督分割评价指标比较与分析

遥感影像空间分辨率的不断提高,一方面为使用者提供了更加丰富的地物信息,另一方面却也加大了信息准确高效提取的难度。影像分割是遥感影像目标提取的关键步骤,影像分割的效果直接影响信息提取的精度和准度。面对众多分割算法,影像分割效果评价成为遥感信息提取和目标识别研究的重点之一。面向典型目标识别问题,本文针对遥感影像监督分割评价问题,从实验的角度讨论其中具有代表性的面积匹配指数、相似尺寸指标、相关区域指标、质量合格率、欧氏距离指标1、欧氏距离指标2、面积差异指数和距离指标的实际性能与适用情况。首先,通过一系列实验测算不同分割方法下的影像与参考影像的差异情况,讨论测算结果并评估差异指标的优缺点;然后,通过对比分析与加权计算,提出了遥感影像监督分割综合评价方法,实验表明该方法在一定程度上有助于分割方法的科学选择以及影像信息提取效率的提高;最后,从评价指标与分割方法2个角度系统分析了实验结果,并指出了影像监督分割评价存在的问题以及发展趋势。     

一种基于最大距离的纯像元指数端元提取算法

在高光谱混合像元分解中,PPI算法是一种比较成熟的算法,但PPI算法中每次投影向量的生成都是随机的,多次执行PPI算法后端元提取的结果并不稳定。本文以线性光谱混合模型的凸面几何学描述为基础,利用端元在高光谱图像特征空间中所形成的凸面单形体端点的特点,提出了一种区别于PPI算法的最大距离纯像元指数方法。选取特征空间中所有样本点的光谱均值作为超球的球心,计算所有样本点到球心的欧氏距离,以等于或大于这个最大距离的长度作为半径,在特征空间中设计一个包围所有样本点的超球面,并在超球面上均匀地选取参考点,针对每一个参考点,在样本点中找出与它距离最远的一个,记录每个样本点成为距离最大点的次数,将其作为评价该像元是否为端元的纯像元指数,从而使得每次端元提取的精度得到保证。最后,利用美国内华达州Cuprite获取的AVIRIS数据对算法进行了验证。实验结果表明,采用本文算法提取的端元精度优于N-FINDR算法和VCA算法,而且鲁棒性较好,克服了PPI算法由于随机生成投影向量所带来的端元提取不稳定性。     

欧氏空间En中任意两个平面间的距离

设πp为欧氏空间中过定点x0的p-维平面及πq为同一空间中过定点y0的q-维平面。得到了这两个平面间距离d(πp,πq)的一个简明计算公式。     

地球能养活多少人

生态学家指出,人类主要靠吃植物为生,虽然也吃肉类,但被吃的动物是靠吃植物生存的,所以人类实际上是间接地在吃植物。一个人每天需从植物那里获取2200大卡的能量才能维持正常的生存。估计全球植物每年生产的能量约为660×1015大卡，这样算下来，地球能养活8000亿人口。 您也许会说，现在的世界人口是50多亿，距离8000亿还远着呢，人们何必为人口的增加而忧心忡忡呢？可是，专家们又指出，地球上的植物不可能全部变为食物供人类利用，有不少植物是根本无法利用的，有的则要供养其它动物，剩下能为人类享用的那部分能量实际上只占植物总生…     

白银市农业气候资源特征及开发应用

白银市农业气候资源具有日照充足，降水少而变率大，气象灾害种类多、危害重的特点。提出了气候资源开发与应用的途径。     

四川省小麦条锈病春季流行的农业气候风险区划

针对当前从气象风险角度开展小麦条锈病与气象关系研究甚少的状况,从农业气象灾害风险分析理论出发,采用相关分析、层次分析和极差正规化等方法,建立了包含气候条件和寄主存在数量两个环境因子的四川省小麦条锈病春季流行农业气候风险模型,并划分了高、中、低风险等级的指标.在此基础上,利用GIS技术对四川省小麦条锈病春季流行的农业气候风险进行了区划.结果表明,四川省的川西高原地区、川西南山地和盆地西南部是小麦条锈病春季流行低风险区,盆地大部地区是中、高风险的集中区.区划结果为进一步做好四川省小麦条锈病的分区预报和综合防治方面提供科学依据.     

PIONEER PLANTS FOR ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY IN DRAINAGE BASIN OF ERLONGSHAN RESERVOIR IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

This article reveals the ecological features and the theories and methods of introducing pioneer plants in the process of eco-restoring in different degenerative ecosystems in the drainage basin of Erlongshan Reservoir in Heilongjiang Province by systemically studying the deteriorative ecosystems and using recovery theory. The study shows that with the rise in degenerative degrees of the ecosystems, bio-species and bio-diversity sharply decrease in the study area and microclimate becomes wanner and drier in natural ecosystem. Therefore, we must attach importance to the construction of plants and biodiversity. In the study, different pioneer plants are selected for different degenerative ecosystems to restore and maintain the service functions of the ecosystems.     

A survey of fodder plants in mid-altitude Himalayan rangelands of Uttarakhand,India

Himalayan rangelands, the crucial but by and large the neglected ecosystems, are an integral part of mountain farming systems. The present investigation is based on the extensive survey and collection of mid-altitude range plants from Almora and Champawat districts of Kumaun division in the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India, from September 2003 to June 2007. The rangelands studied were oak types, chirpine types, grass types and mixed ones. Some 300 species of grasses, other herbaceous plants, trees and shrubs were found in the mid-altitude rangelands. A sizeable number of species belonged to the family of Poaceae. The grass-dominated rangelands especially harboured a variety of grass species of good fodder value. The diversity of fodder plants is a proportion of the enormous biodiversity occurring in the parts of the Himalaya. A panorama of the biodiversity emerged in this study, which is of both intangible value and direct value for the livestock- and rangeland- dependent mountain communities, suggests a very high scope of the utilization of this natural and uncultivated biodiversity for supporting livestock- based livelihoods of the region. This biodiversity also has enormous bearing on the cultivated area of the region.     

Stakeholder perspectives on use, trade, and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of central Nepal

People’s livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection, use, and trade of medicinal plants. Traditional use is generally not a problem, but commercial gathering of selected species to meet increasing national and international demand can result in over-exploitation. Sustainable management of medicinal plants requires a clear understanding of the respective roles, responsibilities and viewpoints of the various stakeholders involved. Through personal interviews and group discussions, this study aimed at investigating the views of two stakeholder groups on use, trade and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal. Local people and district and national organizations agreed that medicinal plants are collected for a combination of commercial and personal uses. Perceptions on market availability differed significantly: 100 % of the respondents from district and national organizations saw markets as easily available, against only 36 % for local people. This could explain why medicinal plants were perceived by local people to contribute less to income generation than to livelihood improvement. Different viewpoints were also expressed concerning the status of medicinal plants in the district: 81 % of the respondents from district and national organizations considered that medicinal plants were threatened, compared to only 28 % for local people. Despite this disparity, both stakeholder groups agreed upon potential threats to medicinal plants: over-harvesting; habitat loss due to land-use change and deforestation; and over-grazing by livestock. Several challenges were identified regarding sustainable management of medicinal plants, such as ambiguous policies; lack of resources, information and infrastructures; habitat degradation; and over-exploitation. Despite these challenges, respondents agreed that the medicinal plants sector offers huge opportunities in the Rasuwa district, given resource availability, community awareness and motivation, and the priority given to the sector by governments and other agencies. Proper collaboration, communication and coordination among stakeholders are needed to grab these opportunities.     

Ethnobotanical study towards conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in upper catchments of Dhauli Ganga in the central Himalaya

The present study broadly focused on medicinal plant species collected from wild by the villagers for different purposes in the upper catchment of Dhauli Ganga in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve(NDBR),in the central Himalaya.A schedule based survey was conducted during the years 2003-2005 in 15 villages of Chamoli district part of the NDBR.Information was collected from collectors, vaidya(medicine man)and those dealing with domestication and marketing of the medicinal plants. The aim of the study was to understand the prioritiesed medicinal plants,their mode of collection and document their ethnobotanical uses by the Bhotiya tribal communities,in this world heritage site. During the survey,50 medicinal plants belonging to 31 families and 44 genera were documented.Out of these,70% were harvested from the wild,22% were cultivated and 8% were cultivated as well as wild harvested.Of the cultivated species,8% were found growing in the kitchen gardens and 14%in the agricultural fields.However,42%of the plants had their roots and rhizomes used followed by leaves (26%),seeds(10%),seed and leaf(8%),bark and whole plant(6%)and flower(1%).Most plants were reported to be used for rheumatism(16),followed by stomach disorder(14),cold and cough(11),and jaundice(9).Thirty three plants species were reported to have more than one therapeutic uses,while 17 species were reported to be used against single ailment.The distance of villages from road head was one of the factors contributing to the decline in the medicinal plant population in their natural habitats. The availability of medicinal plants increased with increase in distance from road head and also the peoples’dependence on them.Documentation of the traditional knowledge will help in conservation of knowledge and also opportunity for using it for future training and use.The result of this study will help in promoting sustainable cultivation and implementation in conservation protocol of those species,which are in the verge of extinction in this region.     

基于遥感数据和多因子评价的中国地区建设光伏电站的适宜性分析

中国属于太阳能资源丰富的国家之一,光伏装机量位居世界第一,未来其装机量仍会不断增加。本文拟利用遥感技术获取区域太阳能资源的时空分布,采用多因子评价模型对中国地区大型光伏电站区域适宜性进行评估,以期为光伏电站的选址提供科学依据。结合太阳总辐射、日照时数的稳定程度、离路网的距离、离城镇的距离和坡向5个因子,通过设定海拔以及土地覆盖类型对应的限制区域,利用MuSyQ辐射产品、DEM、道路网数据、VIIRS夜间灯光数据、土地覆盖产品得到因子图层,使用层次分析法确定各因子在模型中的权重,借助GIS进行叠加分析并分为“低适宜”、“较适宜”、“适宜”、“非常适宜”和“限制区”5类,得到光伏电站建设的空间适宜性分布。研究结果表明,西北地区的适宜区占全国的53.0%,“非常适宜”区占全国的47.3%,其累计光伏电站装机量占全国的45.6%。建设光伏电站的“适宜”和“非常适宜”区面积的大小与装机量的多少没有明显的线性关系。“非常适宜”区作为光伏电站的最佳建设场所,光伏发电潜力大于2016年全国发电量的5倍。同时,国家政策制定的装机规模指标以及光电补贴政策对光伏电站的选址也起了一定的指向作用。     

近百年来龙感湖地区湖泊营养化过程

由于近年来社会经济的迅速发展，湖泊富营养化问题日趋严重。其中湿地的破坏是导致人湖营养盐增加的一个重要原因。对湿地变化与湖泊营养盐状况关系的分析是制定湖泊环境整治和生态修复的重要科学依据。湖泊沉积物含有丰富的生物和理化方面的信息，在缺乏长期湖泊监测记录的情况下。可以用来重建湖泊及其流域过去变化的历史。根据龙感湖表层沉积物^210Pb活度比变化，分析了该地区近百年来沉积物中湿地花粉、总磷和磁性参数．探讨了湖泊营养化过程及机理。研究表明，龙感湖近百年来营养级的增加是与湿生植被的破坏密切相关。20世纪上半叶的湖泊富营养化响应于磁性参数指示的流域土壤侵蚀速率的增加，而20世纪70年代以来湖泊营养程度的加重则与龙感湖流域农业化肥的使用和湿地植被破坏而导致湿地功能减弱有关。龙感湖流域内人类对湖周潍地的改造．破坏了湿地植被，助长了人湖物质的增加。湖泊营养相对富集，最终导致水体富营养化发生。     

核电站地震监测系统及其开发进展

介绍核电站地震监测系统在核电站安全监测中的作用,并依据中国核电站地震监测系统所依从的标准,对其硬件、软件等进行设计。武汉地震科学仪器研究院有限公司据此进行样机制造,并成功应用于实践。结合当前核电的发展趋势,提出核电地震监测系统的发展要求。     

Underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.     

EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN VITRO BETWEEN PHYCOBILIPROTEINS AND THYLAKOID PHOTOSYSTEM Ⅱ OF HIGHER PLANTS

The excitation energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to thylakoid PSII of higher plants was investigated. When incubated with spinach thylakoids, phycobiliproteins isolated from red and blue- green algae transferred light energy absorbed to spinach PSII. The efficiency of energy transfer was dependent on the kind of phycobiliproteins used. If spinach thylakoids were replaced by the thylakoids of Brassica chinensis, R phycoerythin or C- phycocyanin did not transfer their excitation energy to PSII of Brassica chinensis unless allophycocyanin was present.     

Excitation energy transfer in vitro between phycobiliproteins and thylakoid photosystem II of higher plants

The excitation energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to thylakoid PSII of higher plants was investigated. When incubated with spinach thylakoids, phycobiliproteins isolated from red and blue-green algae transferred light energy absorbed to spinach PSII. The efficiency of energy transfer was dependent on the kind of phycobiliproteins used. If spinach thylakoids were replaced by the thylakoids ofBrassica chinensis, R-phycoerythin or C-phycocyanin did not transfer their excitation energy to PSII ofBrassica chinensis unless allophycocyanin was present. Contribution No. 69 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory IOAS.