1996年我国天气气候特点

１９９６年，冬春全国大部降水偏少，北方干旱范围较大，夏季全国大部降水偏多，洪涝面积大，灾情重；秋季，全国大部降水偏少，但淮河流域异常多雨，局地秋涝较重。年平均气温，北方偏高，南方偏低；年日照对数，全国大部偏少，部分地区遭受雪灾，冻害或低温寡照危害，登陆台风个数与常年相同，但造成损失重，部分地区遭受风雹，龙卷风危害。     

气象因子对2002年小麦生产的利弊浅析

2002年小麦生育期间，气候反常，出现了多年罕见的暖冬暖春现象，致使小麦生育期提前；生育中期降水偏少，旱象严重，株高降低，分薛成穗率小；穗分化中后期遭受2次晚霜冻害，小穗数数明显减少，灌浆初期阴雨连绵，光照不足，小穗成粒小，灌浆后期光照充足，日较差大，干热风出现迟，强度弱，对粒重增加十分有利。     

应用地滚龙技术提高蔬菜复种指数的试验

本文从当地实际出发，充分利用气候资源，提高高纬度地区蔬菜复种指数，方法取材简单，用料成本低，增温效果明显，延长作物生育期，管理方便，适于间，混，套种，取得了显著的经济效益，有利于推广。     

四川省暴雨预报警报服务系统的建设

针对四川暴雨频发，灾重的特点和防汛气象服务准确及时，全程系列的要求，设计四川省暴雨预报警报服务系统，要在暴雨探测，通信、预报，综合信息，灾害评估和防灾对策研究的基础上，建立省级信息发布中心和决策服务政府专线，充分发挥中期预警，短期消息、临近警报，应急体制“四度设防”的功能效应急体制加强主体作用，完善联防机制，健全组织结构，提高运行效果，取得最佳效益。     

吉林省突发性暴雨洪水查算图的编制和应用

吉林省位于我国东北中部，处于北半球的中纬地带，天气多变，季节明显，是“气候脆弱性”区，灾害频繁，仅就近４０年来有记录不完全统计，能搜集到有文字记载突发性暴雨就有２４次，损失约计２２亿元以上，死亡及失踪人数高达２４６５人之多，平均每年近６２人。因此，搞好这项研究工作，在当前来说对防灾减灾，抗灾活动，具有现实意义。     

713C数字化天气雷达天控系统电路分析

７１３Ｃ型雷达天控系统，控保环节多，布线分散，运行功率大，故障率相对较高，因现有图纸比较复杂，查阅时有诸多困难，现结合实际工作情况，加工整理了该系统原理检修图，并进行了电路分析，既便于理解系统原理，又便于故障诊断，在装备技术保障工作中具有较好的实用价值。     

基于数字高程模型的环青海湖地区可能太阳直接辐射的计算

建立了环青海湖地区的数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,简称DEM），在此基础上，应用山地气候学理论研究了坡度，坡向，高度，地理位置等对该地区一年内不同季节可能太阳直接辐射（Q）空间分布的影响，结果表明，该地区平均Q值，春季为323KJ.cm^-2，夏季为378．7kJ.cm^-2，秋季为225KJ.cm^-2，冬季为166KJ.cm^2，在研究区域较小时，太阳辐射随高度、纬度的变化不明显，其影响可以忽略不计，而坡度和坡向对Q空间分布的影响是非常明显的，其影响的大小随着一年内时间的不同而不同，对于环青海湖地区而言，冬季影响最大，其次分别为秋季，夏季和春季，区内最大值与最小值的差异冬季达170U.cm^-2，而夏季仅为19KJ.cm^-2，环青海湖地区Q分布特征是，湖南山地小于平均值，湖北山地大于平均值，而湖边平址草地等于平均值。     

晋中市分县气象要素短期预报系统研究

用国家气象中心1995－1997年6－9月份的T106数值预报产品，运用统计，分析的办法，对晋中市11个县市的温度，降水，风向风速的24，36，48，72h的预报进行了试验研究，并建立了《晋中市分县气象要素短期预报系统》，本文统直接挂接在MICAPS系统下，自动处理数值预报产品资料，制作晋中市11个县市的温度，降水，风向风速的24－72h滚动预报，预报结果以晋中市区域图为底图显示，该系统运行稳定，速度快，对各气象要素均有较高的预报水平。     

杂感三章

水能载舟，也能覆舟，乃至理名言。用水形容人民群众力量的巨大，远见卓识，是唐太宗李世民对其子李治训教的真谛，经再读而三思，深受启迪，提笔弄拙，遂成三首，由水而起，又云又风，或歌或行，或吧或颂，虽有可取之处，但总觉不尽人意，望诸读君见谅。     

节气农事歌

节气农事歌李素玲一月小寒和大寒，田间生产不停闲，勤搜肥，多积肥，粪土如金上麦田。修水利，整果园，搞好副业莫耽延。二月立春和雨水。春风拂拂使人醉。麦返青，绿葱葱，耙耱保墒马蹄飞。棉花田，及时整，植树造林歌声脆．三月惊蛰和春分，春耕生产已来临，小麦棉田要...     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.