ESR测年研究中人工辐照吸收剂量的确定

在ESR测年研究中,被测样品的年代是通过样品的古剂量与样品所接受的年剂量的比值得到的。古剂量则是在实验室内经放射性源的人工辐照模拟自然界的ESR信号增长情况获得的。因此,人工辐照样品吸收剂量的确定成为影响测年可靠性的一个重要因素。目前一般有两种方法确定测年样品的人工辐照吸收剂量值一种是剂量率法,即在辐照前利用标准剂量体系对辐照位置的吸收剂量率进行校准,然后在同一位置辐照被测样品,通过校准得到的吸收剂量率和辐照时间确定样品的吸收剂量,通常所用的标准剂量体系为硫酸亚铁剂量计;另一种是伴随法,即在辐照前将参考剂量计与被测样品一起放到辐射场中辐照,参考剂量计一般采用经标准剂量体系(如硫酸亚铁剂量计或量热计等)校准过的丙氨酸剂量计,照后由参考剂量计直接给出被测样品的吸收剂量。文中就确定吸收剂量的两种方法的可靠性进行了探讨,并利用两种类型的丙氨酸剂量计通过伴随法测定了被测样品的吸收剂量。结果表明,根据目前ESR测年研究中地质样品人工辐照的实际情况,利用伴随法通过参考剂量计确定被测样品的吸收剂量更为实用与可靠     

青海大通断裂带初步研究

青海大通断裂带是青藏高原北部压性盆地带内的一条NE向断裂,构成西宁盆地与大通城关盆地的边界。该断裂带主要由麻子营-庙沟断裂(F1)和老爷山-南门峡断裂(F2)2条次级断裂段构成,沿该断裂带有明显垂直断错的地貌现象。野外调查表明,断裂具有长期活动特征,基岩中发育10余米宽的断层破碎带,且沿断裂带一些地段有岩脉侵入。断裂最新活动表现为寒武纪地层逆冲到早第四纪砖红色砾石层之上,沿断层面发育数厘米厚的断层泥。但断层带上覆坡积黄土未被断错。断层泥测年(ESR)结果为(610±61)kaBP;上覆黄土测年(OSL)结果为(14.6±1.5)kaBP。根据测年结果和地质地貌现象判定该断裂带在中更新世有过明显活动。大通盆地内部地层以长轴NW向的褶皱变形为主,根据断层与褶皱变形的关系认为,在NEE向区域挤压应力作用下NE向的大通断裂是断层两侧褶皱带之间不同段落压缩不均匀而形成的横向撕裂。这一特征可能代表了青藏高原东北部一系列NE向断裂的共同特征。这些NE向断裂规模不大,被围限在活动块体内部,与褶皱和压性盆地轴向近垂直     

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂气田天然气逸散: 流体包裹体证据

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂气田南侧断裂带充填的方解石脉富含天然气包裹体.应用流体包裹体测试、稳定同位素分析和热释光年龄测定等手段,研究了方解石脉和天然气包裹体成因特征及其形成时间.分析表明,天然气包裹体形成温度在130～140℃之间,盐度为5.5(质量百分比)NaCl～6.0(质量百分比)NaCl,表明天然气包裹体属于盆地内热成因烃类流体.热爆法分析方解石脉包裹体烃类气体含量最高达2.4219m3/t,C1/ΣCi比值最高为91%.激光拉曼光谱分析的单个包裹体中烃类气体最高含量为91.6%.方解石脉δ13CPDB为-5.75‰～-15.23‰,δ18OSMOW为21.33‰～21.67‰,表明断裂带中含天然气包裹体方解石脉属于淡水成因方解石.天然气包裹体δ13C1PDB为-21.36‰～-29.06‰,δDSMOW为-70.89‰～-111.03‰,其与米脂气田同属于煤成天然气.含天然气包裹体的方解石脉热释光年龄为32.4±34.2万年.综合研究认为,晚期断裂构造活动对天然气成藏具有重要影响,米脂气田南侧断裂带方解石脉天然气包裹体是米脂气藏受喜马拉雅构造活动影响,天然气沿断裂发生逸散的证据.     

合肥盆地东缘北西向断裂活动性

对合肥盆地东缘基岩区的NW向断层剖面进行了观察和年代样品测试,并跨其中1条断层布设了浅层地震勘探测线;结合本区第四系厚度和沉积特征,对浅震测线时间剖面进行了地质解释。根据调查所揭示的剖面特征、断层泥ESR测年数据、浅层地震勘探结果及本区的中强地震活动构造背景,认为这组NW向断裂中更新世有过活动;合肥盆地东缘NW向横向断裂的第四纪活动情况与断裂所在地区的新构造环境有关,尽管断层泥测年结果表明断裂在中更新世有过活动,但其活动强度不大。     

AMT和RaÅ法测氡在垭都—紫云断裂带活断层探测中的应用

垭都—紫云断裂带是扬子陆块西南缘的一条重要的控制性边界断裂带,它控制着周围地区的盆地沉积及构造变形样式.以垭都—紫云断裂为界,贵州85％的地震发生在该断裂以西,说明该断裂带活动性较强,断层普遍在早—中更新世有活动,尤其是北段的垭都断层,为晚更新世断层,具有较强的发展能力.探测该断裂带中的断裂活动时期,对该断裂带的活动性评价具有重要意义.应用音频大地电磁测量(AMT)和Ra?法测氡进行综合测量,结合地质资料,研究该断裂带中垭都断裂的活动时期.其中Ra?法测氡首次对垭都—紫云断裂带进行测量,应用效果较为理想,为今后对该断裂带的其他断裂的测量提供可靠的理论支持和工作借鉴.     

基岩区断层活动特征和时间的研究——以康定-磨西断裂段为例

为了探讨基岩裸露区断层的活动特征、期次和时间,在鲜水河断裂带东南段的康定-磨西断裂段采集了一系列断层岩和断层泥样品,运用TL、ESR、K-Ar、石英形貌分析和变形显微构造分析法进行了综合测试。结果表明,断裂段经历了多种机制(韧性剪切和脆性断裂)、多期次、多种运动方式(左旋和右旋)的活动,最新一次较强烈活动的下限时间是晚更新世末或全新世初     

水成沉积物回授光释光测年可行性初探

通过对滹沱河冲洪积物、阳原盆地湖相地层细颗粒石英天然热转移光释光(TT-OSL)信号测量、回授剂量恢复测试以及简单多片光释光(OSL)与回授光释光(Re-OSL)测量结果对比等,探讨了细颗粒石英回授光释光在水成沉积物测年中应用的可能性。结果表明,冲积样品回授光释光信号没有随深度逐步增加的规律,而湖相样品热转移光释光信号随深度逐渐增大;冲洪积物细颗粒石英样品回授光释光不能得出剂量值,剂量不能恢复;而湖相样品回授实验室附加剂量与测得的剂量在2%的误差范围内一致,说明回授光释光测年在一定时间范围内对于湖相样品测年是可行的;细颗粒石英回授释光在测量>10万a的湖相样品年龄方面具有很大的潜力     

海原断裂带刺儿沟剖面烘烤次生黄土的光释光测年及其地质意义

选择海原活动断裂带刺儿沟剖面2个烘烤次生黄土样品LEDL0588H和LEDL0365的细颗粒石英,采用改进后的单测片再生法(SAR)和简单多测片再生剂量法(SMAR)进行了一系列实验研究。2个样品细颗粒石英的光释光信号均以快速组分为主,其等效剂量(DE)的预热坪实验表明,在180～260℃的预热温度范围内均能获得基本一致的DE值。SAR法测量不同预热温度下的释光感量变化、剂量恢复实验和LN/TN比值的关系以及SMAR法测量中LN/TN比值与预热温度的关系的研究表明,文中所采用的流程能有效地校正测量过程中释光信号感量变化。2种方法均适用于采自不同层位的2个烘烤样品细颗粒石英的OSL测年,并获得了非常接近的OSL年龄。2个样品最后一次被烘烤的时间可能代表的是同一时期的人类活动     

火山岩地区断层活动时代鉴定中的问题及其讨论

通过野外地质、地貌调查,对新生代玄武岩普遍发育的吉林省靖宇县龙岗火山群地区的断层活动性进行了研究,结合断层物质ESR测年分析结果以及本地区第四纪火山活动的特点,发现ESR测年数据与野外实际观察到的地质现象比较相对偏新。文中讨论了产生这一现象的两个可能原因:1)研究地区大规模的第四纪岩浆喷发活动作为一种重要的热事件,对于先存的断层物质中的ESR测年信号具有"退火"和零化作用;2)化学风化作用、地下水的淋滤作用、次生物质的混入和富硅热液作用而导致的次生石英颗粒的增长,都可能会导致断层带物质ESR测年剂量的增加,从而引起测年结果偏新。因此,研究区ESR测年结果反映出的并非是断层最后一次的活动年代,而可能是断层活动的上限年龄。尽管与实际的断层活动年龄有较大的差距,但对于大型工程场地的地震安全性评价,尤其是对于能动断层的鉴定,这种"上限年龄"仍然具有十分重要的应用价值     

松原市扶余北隐伏活动断裂地震潜势研究

扶余肇东断裂带是松辽盆地中一条重要的隐伏发震断裂带,2006年和2014年在此断裂带上发生了多次近6级地震,地震活动主要集中在断裂的东北段和查干花段。在2012—2014年的松原市活断层探测工作中,探明扶余肇东断裂带东北段经过松原市区,该段呈近EW向,具有明显的分段性和独立性,将其命名为扶余北断裂。通过三维物探资料和浅层人工探测,确定了扶余北断裂的空间展布和剖面特征,并利用联排钻孔探测和光释光测年技术,确定该断裂存在晚更新世以来的活动;利用石油物探资料获得的基岩面破裂规模,对扶余北断裂的地震潜势进行了估计,并进行了概率性地震危险性研究。     

Study of the effect of a thermal treatment on the DE determination in ESR dating of speleothems

The choice of the ESR signal in the dating of speleothems is still debated. Among the peaks observed in speleothem ESR spectra, the most frequently signals used for the determination of the palaeodoses are the peaks at g=2.0007 (h3 line), g=2.0040 (Broad Line) and g=2.0057 (h1 line).

In order to determine the better analytical way to obtain reproducible D_E values from these three ESR signals, successive additional annealing treatments ranging from 60–300 °C were performed on several samples of a stalagmitic floor from the Mousterian site of the Caverna delle Fate (Liguria, Italy), also dated by U-series between 90 and130 ka. The results confirm that D_E values can be obtained from h3 and BL signals without annealing, while the h1 signal requires a thermal pre-treatment, to obtain the maximum intensity of this line. Then, on our samples, the D_Evalues derived for the three lines are equivalent. It gives, hence, the opportunity to obtain data when the g=2.0007 line cannot be used.     

黄河小浪底水库区断层的ESR年龄测定

为了检验应用ESR方法测定断层运动年龄的可行性,在黄河小浪底水库区内的5个断层剖面上采集了13个样品进行ESR年龄测定。结果指出;研究区内的断层活动大致发生于距今0.154—0.183Ma及0.374—0.532Ma两个时期。并对一些有关问题作了讨论,指出这是一种很有希望的确定断层活动近似年龄的新方法,在地震地质及工程地质领域中具有良好的应用前景     

用电子自旋共振（ESR）测年法测定断层活动年代的探讨

阐述了断层泥石英颗粒ＥＳＲ信号达到零化的温度和压力环境，通过４个具体ＥＳＲ测年实例，论述了测年样品的不同零化程度和测年数据的可靠性。对ＥＳＲ信号与ＴＬ（热释光）信号零化环境的差别及其原因进行了初步的探讨。介绍了断层测年样品ＥＳＲ信号达到零化的验证的方法。同时，提出了断层测年样品采集时应注意的有关问题     

ESR dating of the Eupchon fault, South Korea

We investigated temporal pattern of Quaternary fault activity of the Eupchon fault zone in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula, using ESR dating of fault rocks. The counterfeit E′ signal significantly affected the equivalent dose on some samples. In particular, the counterfeit E′ signal tends to affect samples with E′ intensity close to saturation level. Storage at room temperature for 360 days and heating at 170 °C for 15 min. after γ-ray irradiation did not change significantly the intensities, the dose responses and ESR ages for OHC, Al, and Ti signals. ESR ages from the Eupchon fault zone range from 2000 to 500 ka. The fault rocks were reactivated at least five times 2000, 1300, 900–1100, 700–800, and 500–600 ka ago. These data indicate that long-term cyclic fault activity of this fault zone continued into the Quaternary. The results from this study suggest that the Eupchon fault zone can be classified as a potentially active fault and presents some potential seismic hazards to the nuclear power plant in its vicinity.     

Adaptability of ESR dating of fault gouge in aseismic region: A case study on Hangzhou region, China

ESR dating has been widely used in seismic assessment. In this paper, we collected fault gouge samples systematically for ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) dating, and sediment samples of overlying strata, and offset strata for OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating along Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan fault (XQF) trending NE-SW, Xiaofeng-Sanmen fault (XSF) trending NW-SE, and Changhua-Putuo fault (CPF) trending E-W. In the same fault outcrop, the ESR data of fault gouge is greater than the OSL data of the strata of...     

Paramagnetic lattice defects in quartz for applications to ESR dating

Quartz is one of the minerals useful for ESR dating with many applications. Although the study has quite a long history since 1980's, ESR dating of quartz is still in a developing stage. After the basis in physics for the ESR signals in quartz is described, the current status of ESR dating of quartz is summarized for applications to fault gouge, tephra and sediment. Both basic studies for mechanisms and practical applications with independent age controls are still necessary to establish the protocols.     

ESR dating of optically bleached quartz grains from Plio-Pleistocene to Holocene coastal dune deposits (Wilderness-Knysna area,South Africa): a comparison with luminescence

Five Plio-Pleistocene to Holocene aeolian quartz samples from the coastal dune deposits of the Wilderness-Knysna area (South Africa) previously dated by OSL were selected for ESR dating. Samples were processed following the Multiple Centre approach and using the Multiple Aliquot Additive dose method. Aluminium (Al) and Titanium (Ti) signals were systematically measured in all samples.Our study shows that ESR results obtained for Middle Pleistocene to Holocene samples may be strongly impacted by (i) the presence of a significant high frequency noise in the ESR spectra acquired for the Ti signals and (ii) the choice of the fitting function employed. In particular, if not taken into account, very noisy spectra can lead to a significant overestimation of the true ESR intensity measured for the Ti–H signal. These sources of uncertainty are however not sufficient to remove the ESR age overestimations. Consequently, our results indicate that the Al and Ti ESR signals of these quartz samples have not been fully reset during their aeolian transport.While this work contributes to improve our understanding of the ESR method applied to quartz grains, and especially of the potential and limitations of the Ti signals, it also provides additional baseline data to illustrate the existing variability among quartz samples of different origins or sedimentary context. Our results are consistent with previous studies by confirming that the Ti–H signal shows the best potential for the evaluation of low dose values (<100 Gy for these samples), whereas it becomes inappropriate for the higher dose range, and the Ti–Li–H (option D sensu Duval and Guilarte, 2015) should be used instead.Beyond the methodological outcome, this ESR dating study also provides a useful addition to the existing chronology of the aeolian deposits in this region. In particular, new (and possibly) finite numerical age results were obtained for the two oldest samples, constraining the aeolianite landward barrier dune and the coversand formations to the MIS 10-8 and Pliocene, respectively.     

ESR and OSL dating of fossil-bearing deposits from Naracoorte Cave Complex palaeontological sites,south Australia

Little work has been undertaken on combined dating of sedimentary quartz grains using electron spin resonance (ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques in Australia. This study aims to assess the suitability of a combined ESR and OSL dating approach for establishing improved chronologies of Middle-Late Pleistocene deposits within the Naracoorte Cave Complex (NCC), South Australia. Here, we apply ESR and OSL dating in tandem to a series of samples collected from three different NCC sites: Whale Bone, Specimen and Alexandra cave. ESR quartz dating focuses on the multi-centre (MC) approach, which involves comparative evaluations of Al and Ti centre signals, while paired luminescence dating focuses on single-grain OSL analysis and includes examination of multi-grain averaging effects. The comparative ESR-OSL dating results exhibit broad agreement for deposits spanning 50–150 thousand years, with either the Ti–H or Al centre ages overlapping with paired OSL ages at 2σ in nearly all cases. MC ESR evaluations (Al v Ti–Li v Ti–H age assessments) indicate incomplete resetting of the bleachable Al centre signal for a small number of samples. Two-thirds of samples exhibit Ti–Li ages that are significantly older than corresponding Al centre ages, which is unexpected from a bleaching kinetics perspective and may indicate a broader reliability issue for Ti–Li palaeodose evaluation with these particular samples. Our findings: (i) support the applicability of both palaeodosimetric dating methods in this depositional setting; (ii) highlight the merits of applying combined ESR-OSL analyses in tandem, and; (iii) provide one of the first reliable evaluations of quartz ESR MC dating for samples with natural dose ranges as low as only a few tens of Gy. These results show that the Whale Bone, Specimen and Alexandra cave sites are temporally related and can be used to derive multi-site reconstructions of faunal assemblages and palaeoenvironmental history.     

ESR dating of glacial moraine deposits: Some insights about the resetting of the germanium (Ge) signal measured in quartz

The electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of tills using germanium-doped (Ge) paramagnetic centers in quartz has advantages over other dating techniques, as quartz is common, processing is easy, and the technique has the potential for dating features several hundreds of thousands years old. ESR dating of moraines is based on the supposition that either subglacial comminution or exposure to sunlight resets the signal. However, actual dating suggests that a signal that is initially present cannot be bleached to zero by grinding alone. We found that grinding coarse samples (0.5–1 mm in diameter) to the mean grain size of fine sand (0.125–0.193 mm) reduced the signal intensity to 53–69% of its original value. From the value of the signal difference, one can devise a correction factor for ESR ages of subglacial sediment. Polymineralic grains are commonly present in till. Exposure of them to sunlight for several days can reduce the signal intensity to 7–8% of its original value within 1–2 mm thick of the sediment surface. However, within 5–8 mm of the sediment surface, exposure to sunlight for over one week only reduced the signal intensity to mean plateau values of 42–50% of the initial value. Mixing upper and lower layers of the samples during exposure to sunlight changed the signal intensity. This suggests that the amount of bleaching varies spatially. Sediments initially deposited at the margins of ice caps or ice sheets and subsequently overridden may have been sufficiently exposed to sunlight to allow ESR dating of moraines. The purity of the quartz and the grain size have significant impacts on signal intensity; intensive purification and the use of a uniform fine sand fraction are thus recommended.     

沂沭断裂带大水场剖面断层泥的ESR年代学研究

对山东省沂水县大水场断层剖面的断层泥带进行了野外观测和ESR 测年。断层泥的ESR年龄与由其穿插关系等判断出的断层活动次序相符。各断层泥的ESR 年龄显示出大水场断层经历了两个活动较频繁的时段,即0-25～0-28Ma B-P- 和0-45～0-55Ma B.P