实施海洋生态修复工程 提高海洋综合管理水平

厦门是中国东南沿海一座著名的国际港口旅游风景城市,是海洋孕育的城市。＂城在海上,海在城中＂是厦门的直接写照,海洋是厦门的优势和生命线。近年来,厦门市海洋与渔业局在实践中探索出一条＂立法先行、集中协调、科学支撑、综合执法、公众参与＂的海洋综合管理路子,海洋经济发展迅速,海洋生态环境不断改善。在＂海西＂上升为国家战略、厦门加快实施岛内外一体化建设战略的背景下,厦门海洋综合管理迎来了新的机遇和挑战。为此,针对厦门市生态修复整治和海洋综合管理方面有关工作情况,本刊记者专访了厦门市海洋与渔业局蔺海清局长。     

坚持以海洋综合管理为中心确保厦门市海洋管理建设继续走在全国前列

厦门市海洋与渔业局坚持以三个代表重要思想为指导,认真贯彻落实党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神,紧紧围绕厦门建设海湾型城市和构建海峡西岸经济区重要中心城市的战略目标,艰苦工作,狠抓落实。海域综合管理水平进一步提高,渔业工作进一步发展,海洋生态环境质量进一步提升,海洋科技作用进一步发挥,海洋综合行政执法力度进一步加大,内部建设进一步加强,成功协办P EMSEA第十次区域项目领导小组会议在厦门召开。2004年7月,该局被人事部和国家海洋局授予全国海洋系统先进集体荣誉称号。     

海洋观测预报集成服务系统建设及其应用

近年来,随着社会经济的大力发展,海洋环境保护、海洋综合管理、滨海旅游和航运交通安全面临了巨大的压力。厦门海洋环境预报台根据厦门市海洋与渔业局应急指挥需求,开发了基于WebGIS的海洋观测预报集成服务系统,包含日常海洋预报发布、海洋灾害发布、实时数据显示及海洋功能区视频监视共享平台等功能区块,为海洋渔业部门的应急指挥工作提供了有力、有序、有效的技术支持。描述了海洋观测预报集成服务系统的建设及其应用,为海洋渔业部门的管理工作提供基础支撑。     

刍议我国新形势下的海洋综合管理

文章从海洋管理体制、海洋发展战略、海洋法律体系和海洋执法队伍的建设等4个方面综述国内外海洋综合管理的发展历程,总结国外先进经验,分析目前我国海洋管理中尚存在的目标定位不准确、海洋综合管理体制不健全、海洋管理的法律法规不完善、海洋开发总体规划有待加强及与邻国海洋权益之争凸现等5个方面的问题。文章简析了我国"十二五"规划纲要"加强统筹协调,完善海洋管理体制"发展要求、2013年《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》设立国家海洋委员会及中国海警局等海洋综合管理的新形势,从明确海洋综合管理的目标定位、制定国家海洋发展战略、完善海洋综合管理法律法规、编制国家层面的海洋开发总体规划和设置地方海洋综合管理部门等5个方面提出发展对策和建议,为实施海洋综合管理提供参考和借鉴。     

福建省海洋学会召开2008年学术年会

福建省海洋学会2008年学术年会暨海峡西岸经济区建设的海洋科技支撑与海洋资源开发学术研讨会在厦门召开,学会第五届理事会理事、常务理事、会员共170多人到会,学会第五届理事会理事长余兴光在会上致开幕词,厦门市科协副主席贺向东、厦门市海洋与渔业局副局长周鲁闽和福建省海洋与渔业局代表到会祝贺并致词。余兴光理事长说,     

抢抓机遇 跨越发展——山东省东营市垦利县海洋综合管理工作纪实

海洋综合管理是集海洋空间布局规划、海域使用法制管理、海洋生态环境保护、海洋监察执法管理、海洋公共事业服务于一体的海洋管理新模式,它不仅是沿海各级政府的重要公共管理和社会服务职能所在,也是事关经济社会发展全局的大事。作为黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的主战场和山东半岛蓝色经济区建设的前沿城市,东营市是唯一全部纳入"黄蓝"两大国家战略的城市,     

深化海洋管理 发展海洋经济 为把厦门建设成为国际性港口风景旅游城市作出新贡献——厦门市海洋与渔业局

厦门市位于台湾海峡西岸、福建省南部,全市海域面积390km2,海岸线长度234km,海岸曲折,湾中有湾,湾中有岛,自然条件优越,海洋资源丰富,拥有活化石美称的厦门文昌鱼、国家一级保护动物中华白海豚等珍稀和经济价值高的海洋物种60余种。海洋是厦门最大的优势。几年来,厦门市海洋与渔业局全面落实科学发展现,坚持以海洋资源可持续利用为目标,全面实施海洋功能区划,开展用海结构调整,加快海洋资源资产化管理步伐,实施海洋资源有效保护和科学利用并举措施,大力发展海洋经济,促进了海洋资源的可持续利用和海洋生态环境的有效保护。探索建立了“立法…     

围绕海洋中心任务 全面做好海洋政策法规和规划工作

2010年工作总体情况 海洋战略及规划工作取得突破性进展 海洋战略方面,会同20多家涉海单位开展了"国家海洋发展战略"研究,编制了海洋发展战略研究报告,初步形成了海洋发展战略思路、战略布局与取向、重点领域及战略措施等.中央十七届五中全会通过的<中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议>以专节形式提出了"发展海洋经济"的百字方针,为海洋事业全面发展指明了方向,要求坚持陆海统筹,制定和实施海洋发展战略,提高海洋开发、控制、综合管理能力,科学规划海洋经济发展,发展海洋油气、运输、渔业等产业,合理开发利用海洋资源,加强渔港建设,保护海岛、海岸带和海洋生态环境.保障海上通道安全,维护我国海洋权益.     

福建省海洋学会第四届会员代表大会召开

9月25日，福建省海洋学会第四届会员代表大会在厦门举行。第三届理事会副理事长李少菁教授主持了开幕式并致词。福建省科协为大会发来贺电；厦门市科协学会部彭莉副部长代表市科协到会祝贺此次大会的召开；福建省海洋与渔业局刘修德副局长、厦门市海洋与渔业局周鲁闽副局长、国家海洋局第三海洋研究所余兴光书记到会并致词，     

蓝色新事

竞赛 Competition 第六届国大学生海洋知识竞赛总决赛在厦门成功举办 11月8日，第六届全国大学生海洋知识竞赛电视总决赛在厦门成功举办。本届竞赛以“为建设海洋强国奉献青春”为主题，在2013厦门国际海洋周期间举办，由国家海洋局宣传教育中心、厦门市海洋与渔业局共同承办。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.