DCMT自控准直系统

中丹全自动水平子午环有其独特的准直系统。利用自动扫描光电测微器对准直光路进行测定是全自动水平子午环的重要组成部分，本文详细介绍了该子午环准直光路的构成，光电测微器的结构及准直光路自动测量的原理。     

DCMT光电扫描主测微器的设计与研究

DCMT主测微器不同于其它类型的子午环测微器,它具有自校准测定仪器参数的功能。该测微器采用了活动光栅的方案,其优点是能观测近极星和各类准直像;活动光栅另一个显著优点是不同赤纬星几乎可用相同的观测时间.对“V”形光栅的工作原理和误差进行了详细讨论,并给出了一组严格的公式。其系统误差来源有:光栅形状改正、光栅驱动方向相对于光栅的倾斜、光栅驱动方向相对于赤径方向的倾斜、星径曲率改正。     

水平子午环光学系统的精确调整

我国第一架水平子午环,其有效口径在世界上为最大,于1990年4月在陕西天文台临时观测室安装就绪。由于水平子午环结构上的特点,给各光学系统进行精确调整使之达到实用要求带来了不少困难。本文主要叙述了该子午环的光学结构及对主光路和准直光路的调整要求。我们采用逐步逼近的调整方法,实践证明该方法是行之有效的。     

低纬子午环轴准直器稳定性的改善

本文介绍了低纬子午环设置轴准直器测定枢轴不规则影响的必要性以及对其光轴指向稳定性的要求,分析了存在不稳定现象的原因,叙述了消除不稳定现象的方法和实施的效果,最后给出了枢轴不规则影响的量级和修正精度.     

用轴准直器测定枢轴误差

研制高精度的子午环,必须考虑水平旋转轴枢轴不规则的影响。本文提出了在低纬子午环上设置轴准直器,实现枢轴误差的精确测定。     

多棱镜分光膜的镀制

云南天文台新研制的低纬子午环光路中有两套多棱锐系统,它的作用是产生多路光作几个方向准直器校准光路,提高测量精度。我们考虑到光源和接收器件二极管阵的光谱响应曲线不同,光路中入射光需要通过多个分光膜面,而多路光的出身光谱应相等,因此采用不同层次的介质膜,使之达到作用效果。     

多棱镜分光膜的镀制

云南天文台新研制的低纬子午环光路中有两套多棱镜系统 ,它的作用是产生多路光作几个方向准直器校准光路 ,提高测量精度。我们考虑到光源和接收器件二极管阵的光谱响应曲线不同 ,光路中入射光需要通过多个分光膜面 ,而多路光的出射光谱应相等 ,因此采用不同层次的介质膜 ,使之达到作用效果。     

DCMT光电测微器的数据采集系统

光电测微器是中－丹水平子午环最关键的部分．本文介绍了数据采集系统的设计思想．根据长期对仪器的测试和观测结果分析，表明系统完全达到设计要求，同时为下一步改装成ＣＣＤ终端，观测极限星等达１７ｍ．５提供了可行的方案．     

低纬子午环轴准直器稳定性的改善

本文介绍了低纬子午环设置轴准直器测定枢轴不规则影响的必要性以及对其光轴指向稳定性的要求,分析了存在不稳定现象的原因,叙述了消除不稳定现象的方法和实施的效果,最后给出了枢轴不规则影响的量极和修正精度。     

中星仪光电测微器与观测自动化试验

本试验在邦贝中星仪上进行。光电测微器由原接触测微器、光电检测器和伺服跟踪机构组成,能自动对准和跟踪星像。由穿孔纸带指令操纵机械传动装置执行:转置水平轴、安放望远镜天顶距和确定伺服电机跟踪每颗星的速度、操纵望远镜扫描来实现光电寻星和导星。用光电测微器记录星过时刻和实现观测自动化后,能从天文观测结果中消除人差和光电装置的迟滞差;减小大气抖动、天空背景和光电装置的噪音、导星和操作仪器引起的误差,提高测时的准确度和精度。     

中丹水平子午环DCMT光栏的自动控制

本文指出了子午环光栏自动控制系统研制的必要性，并简要介绍了控制原理．结果表明，该控制部分设计合理大大简便了操作．     

利用基本天体测量仪器开展天文测光研究(英)

讨论有关天体测量中的测光问题，介绍一些地面天体测量仪器和空间天体测量望远镜的测光研究。给出一种测光资料的处理方法，并建议利用DCMT开展天文测光课题研究。     

DCMT活动光栅控制系统

ＤＣＭＴ活动光栅的控制系统是主测微器的主要部分，本控制系统操作灵活，它既能联机工作又能脱机工作，并具有自动报警和自动复位功能。主测微器承担测定天体和５个自准直像的位置，要比传统的活动光栅复杂得多．本设计的独特之处在于用分区、分时并配以光栏控制诸方法确定全部像的位置。保证了所有的观测在同一个系统之内．经一年来的实际观测证明，本系统精度优于０”．０３，达到了同类别微器的先进水平．     

活动光栅测微器的精度分析

DCMT的主测微器采用一种活动V形光栅扫描模式。根据对人造准直光源像的测量分析,研究了主测微器扫描测量的系统精度。研究结果表明,主测微器系统精度优于0″.009,为天体位置的高精度测量提供了良好的条件。     

Shock focusing and jet collimation in young stars

We study the collimation of a initially uncollimated outflow from a young star by its environment, a cloud core with a toroidal density distribution. It is shown that when cooling is unimportant the shape of the inner shock and the internal structure of the bubble will collimate the outflow and it is shown that in some cases cooling is unimportant. The effects of the focusing by an elliptical shock are studied. Numerical simulations show that when cooling is important, the collimation is actually much better and interesting combinations of energy- and momentum-conserving flow occur.     

Evidence for initial jet formation by an accretion disk in the radio galaxy M87

The nearby E0 galaxy M87 in the Virgo Cluster contains one of the nearest examples of a powerful non-thermal jet source. In addition, HST spectroscopy of its nucleus give strong evidence for the presence of a ≈3×10⁹ M_⊙ central black hole (corresponding to Schwarzschild radius R_s∼0.0004 pc). These two facts together make M87 the best possible target for studying the initial jet formation and collimation process. Herein we report new 43 GHz VLBI observations of the nucleus of this galaxy, which clearly show the jet opening angle expanding rapidly as one approaches the core on scales ∼0.01 pc. We believe we have, for the first time, imaged the initial collimation region of a powerful extragalactic jet. We find significant collimation occurring on scales of 30–100 R_s, and argue this is consistent with expectations for poloidal collimation by a rotating accretion disk.     

Dark matter distribution in the Draco dwarf from velocity moments

If the observed relativistic plasma outflows in astrophysical jets are magnetically collimated and a single-component model is adopted, consisting of a wind-type outflow from a central object, then a problem arises with the inefficiency of magnetic self-collimation to collimate a sizeable portion of the mass and magnetic fluxes in the relativistic outflow from the central object. To solve this dilemma, we have applied the mechanism of magnetic collimation to a two-component model consisting of a relativistic wind-type outflow from a central source and a non-relativistic wind from a surrounding disc. By employing a numerical code for a direct numerical solution of the steady-state problem in the zone of super-fast magnetized flow, which allows us to perform a determination of the flow with shocks, it is shown that in this two-component model it is possible to collimate into cylindrical jets all the mass and magnetic fluxes that are available from the central source. In addition, it is shown that the collimation of the plasma in this system is usually accompanied by the formation of oblique shock fronts. The non-relativistic disc-wind not only plays the role of the jet collimator, but it also induces the formation of shocks as it collides with the initially radial inner relativistic wind and also as the outflow is reflected by the system axis. Another interesting feature of this process of magnetic collimation is a sequence of damped oscillations in the width of the jet.     

X-ray beaming caused by resonance scattering in the accretion column of magnetic cataclysmic variables

Extremely strong ionized Fe emission lines, with equivalent widths reaching ∼4000 eV, were discovered by ASCA from a few Galactic compact objects, including AX J2315−0592, RX J1802.1+1804 and AX J1842.8−0423. These objects are thought to be binary systems containing magnetized white dwarfs (WDs). A possible interpretation of the strong Fe K line is the line-photon collimation in the WD accretion column, as a result of resonance scattering of line photons. The collimation occurs when the accretion column has a flat shape, and the effect is augmented by the vertical velocity gradient, which reduces the resonant trapping of resonant photons along the magnetic field lines. This effect was quantitatively confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, with ASCA observations of the polar V834 Centauri, this collimation effect was clearly detected as a rotational modulation of the equivalent width of the Fe K emission line. The extremely strong emission lines mentioned above can be explained consistently by our interpretation. Combining this effect with other X-ray information, the geometry and plasma parameters in the accretion column were determined.     

MHD simulations of jets from accretion disks

We present the MHD simulation including accretion flows in disks, acceleration of outflows from disks, and collimation of the outflows self-consistently. Although it was considered that this kind of simulations only shows the transient phenomena of jets, we found that the outflow and accretion flow reached a quasi-steady state by performing a long-term calculation in a large calculation region. Though the final stage is not exactly the steady state, the acceleration and collimation mechanisms of the outflow were the same as those of the steady theory. The scale of the calculation is approaching to the scale that was observed by the VLBI technique, which provides the current highest resolution for YSO jets.