广州市城市边缘区土地利用优化配置(英文)

In response to the strong drive for social and economic development, local governments have implemented urban master plans, providing measures and timeframes to address the continuous demand for land and to alleviate urban problems. In this paper, a multi-objective model was constructed to discuss the problem, including economic benefits and ecological effectiveness, in terms of land use optimization. A genetic algorithm was then adopted to solve the model, and a performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis were conducted using Pareto optimality. Results showed that a set of tradeoffs could be acquired by the allocation of land use. In addition, the Pareto solutions proved the model to be efficient; for example, a limit of 13,500 ha of urban area conformed to plan recommendations. The reduction in crop land, orchard land, grassland, and unused land provided further efficiencies. These results implied that further potential regional land resources remain and that the urban master plan is able to support sustainable local development in the years to come, as well as verified that it is feasible to use land use allocation multi-objective modeling and genetic algorithms.     

Optimal land use allocation of urban fringe in Guangzhou

In response to the strong drive for social and economic development, local governments have implemented urban master plans, providing measures and timeframes to address the continuous demand for land and to alleviate urban problems. In this paper, a multi-objective model was constructed to discuss the problem, including economic benefits and ecological effectiveness, in terms of land use optimization. A genetic algorithm was then adopted to solve the model, and a performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis were conducted using Pareto optimality. Results showed that a set of tradeoffs could be acquired by the allocation of land use. In addition, the Pareto solutions proved the model to be efficient; for example, a limit of 13,500 ha of urban area conformed to plan recommendations. The reduction in crop land, orchard land, grassland, and unused land provided further efficiencies. These results implied that further potential regional land resources remain and that the urban master plan is able to support sustainable local development in the years to come, as well as verified that it is feasible to use land use allocation multi-objective modeling and genetic algorithms.     

信息时代移动社会理论构建与城市地理研究

以信息技术进步为核心的信息革命已经成为推动国家、区域与城市社会经济发展及其快速转型的重要动力,并持久、深刻地冲击和改变着工业革命以来人类对社会经济及其空间结构形成的固有认识。当前,移动通信技术的进步及其应用,与高速铁路的加快建设、城市区域化的加速和智慧城市的建设一起,正将世界带入一个全新的移动信息时代。由于时间和空间概念的重新定义,全新时空观的出现,使得以空间问题为核心内容的城市地理学面临着根本性的变革。在移动信息技术的支撑下,城市地理学的研究范式、方法和内容都开始发生巨大的变化,传统的理论框架已逐渐不能满足当前研究的需要。本文重点分析了移动信息技术影响下的地理空间与网络信息空间的变化,提出了基于移动信息技术的移动社会理论框架。进而对移动信息时代城市地理学的研究方法、研究重点进行了探讨,希望运用城市地理学的研究更好地服务于移动信息时代的城市与区域的发展、规划与管治。     

基于生态-经济权衡的京津冀城市群土地利用优化配置

探索生态保护与经济发展的权衡关系,并利用该权衡关系协调土地利用优化配置是解决城市群经济与生态协调发展难题的重要途径,已成为目前的一个研究热点。论文针对京津冀城市群生态友好型协同发展的需求,设置生态系统服务价值最大化和经济价值最大化2种优化目标,每种目标下再设置“生态保护”“统筹兼顾”“粮食安全”和“经济发展”4种土地利用情景,采用CLUE-S模型模拟2025年京津冀城市群在不同情景下的土地利用空间配置格局,及其生态系统服务价值、经济价值在不同目标的各种情景下的变化。研究结果表明：相比2015年,2025年在不同目标不同情景下,各类土地利用面积的数量变化和空间格局均有较大不同,且生态目标和经济目标下不同情景的土地利用配置不同。生态系统服务价值在生态目标生态保护情景下最大,为14423.58亿元;而经济价值则在经济目标经济发展情景下最大,为96771.49亿元。从土地利用变化的空间分布上来看,生态用地中林地与草地的增加多出现在坝上高原和燕山与太行山山地,水体的增加则主要分布在东部沿海地区。研究认为,生态效益与经济效益间存在权衡关系,基于生态-经济权衡的土地利用优化研究结果对未来京津冀城市群生态实践工作有较大的参考价值。     

城市居民非工作活动的家内外时间分配及影响因素——以北京上地—清河地区为例

中国各大城市交通供求不平衡的问题日益凸显,如何科学合理地分析、预测、引导交通出行需求已成为城市可持续发展的核心问题。西方对城市居民出行需求的研究已经由基于出行的分析转向基于活动的分析,并且认为家内/家外活动决策与出行需求的产生密切相关;而国内少有从家内/家外活动时间分配的视角透视居民出行需求的产生机理的研究。基于2012年北京市居民日常活动与交通出行调查所采集的第一手数据,本研究以北京上地—清河地区为例,构建结构方程模型,分析工作日与休息日家内/家外的非工作活动的时间分配特征及其影响因素,以此尝试对居民非工作出行需求的产生机理进行解读。研究表明：家内活动与家外活动之间存在显著的替代关系;家内/家外非工作活动时间分配受到工作与通勤时长、社会经济属性的影响,并且不同类型的非工作活动的家内/家外时间分配存在内生联系。研究结果将为居民出行需求预测与引导提供参考依据。     

Real-time genetic spatial optimization to improve forest fire spread forecasting in high-performance computing environments

Abstract

Forest fires are a kind of natural hazard with a high number of occurrences in southern European countries. To avoid major damages and to improve forest fire management, one can use forest fire spread simulators to predict fire behavior. When providing forest fire predictions, there are two main considerations: accuracy and computation time. In the context of natural hazards simulation, it is well known that part of the final forecast error comes from uncertainty in the input data. These data typically consist of a set of GIS files, which should be appropriately conflated. For this reason, several input data calibration methods have been developed by the scientific community. In this work, the Two-Stage calibration methodology, which has been shown to provide good results, is used. This calibration strategy is computationally intensive and time-consuming because it uses a Genetic Algorithm as a solution. Taking into account the aspect of urgency in forest fire spread prediction, it is necessary to maintain a balance between accuracy and the time needed to calibrate the input parameters. In order to take advantage of this technique, one must deal with the problem that some of the obtained solutions are impractical, since they involve simulation times that are too long, preventing the prediction system from being deployed at an operational level. A new method which finds the minimum resolution reduction for such long simulations, keeping accuracy loss to a known interval, is proposed. The proposed improvement is based on a time-aware core allocation policy that enables real-time forest fire spread forecasting. The final prediction system is a cyberinfrastructure, which enables forest fire spread prediction at real time.     

Space and exclusion: does urban morphology play a part in social deprivation?

There is currently a growing interest in the spatial causes of poverty, particularly its persistence. This paper presents methodological innovations that have been developed for investigating the relationship between physical segregation and economic marginalization in the urban environment. Using GIS to layer historical poverty data, contemporary deprivation indexes and space syntax measures of spatial segregation, a multivariate system has been created to enable the understanding of the spatial process involved in the creation and stagnation of poverty areas as well as to analyse the street segment scale of configuration.     

中国东部沿海5大城市群旅游流网络结构空间分布特征研究

基于大数据挖掘的旅游流网络结构研究,是旅游流深化研究的主要方向之一.论文基于网络爬虫技术抓取携程旅行网上的中国东部沿海5大城市群旅游线路相关数据,构建城市群旅游流网络,进一步利用社会网络分析法从网络密度、节点结构特征、网络凝聚子群、核心—边缘特征、结构洞等方面揭示旅游流网络结构特征.主要结论有:中国东部沿海5大城市群旅...