地面激光点云与数码影像自动高精度配准

针对地面激光雷达点云和数码光学影像非同源异质数据自动配准困难的问题,本文提出了基于互信息的两种数据同名特征高精度自动提取的方法。首先,把点云数据生成中心平面投影的反射强度图像和基于RGB信息的彩色图像,应用点云彩色图像和数码光学影像的匹配,确定点云与影像的粗配准参数;然后,对反射强度图像进行特征提取,应用粗配准参数确定其在数码光学影像上的初始位置,应用互信息实现非同源数据的高精度匹配;最后,应用罗德里格矩阵和选权迭代方法计算高精度配准参数,生成三维彩色模型。试验证明,本文方法可以解决地面激光点云和数码光学影像非同源异质数据的配准问题,具有一定的研究和应用价值。     

遥感线性体场的数量化分析

遥感线性体场是地质构造场和成矿地质场在地球表面和光谱特征上的反映。本文从地质异常场和线性体场的概念出发,利用图像处理技术,较系统地研究了线性体的数据处理方法,建立了线性体场的数量化分析模式:（1）线性体场总体统计特征的计算和图示;（2）线性体场的数字表征;（3）线性体场的数学分析。并以铜陵地区为例,介绍了线性体场的数量化分析方法在地质构造分析和成矿预测中的应用。     

基于资源三号卫星影像的无控大范围数字表面模型快速制作

作为重要的地理信息,数字表面模型具有非常广泛的应用前景,我国成功发射的资源三号卫星,不但填补了立体卫星测绘的空白,而且能够得到高分辨率的卫星遥感影像。本文基于资源三号卫星影像,简要介绍了无控大范围数字表面模型快速制作流程,并以此得到典型地区三维影像图,为数字表面模型在各行业的应用及发展提供重要支持。     

The Z/I Imaging Digital Camera System

Market needs for airborne and spaceborne imagery used in photogrammetry and GIS applications are changing. Fundamental changes in sensors, platforms and applications are currently taking place. Most recently, new high resolution spaceborne sensors have become available. Besides classical photogrammetry, new thematic applications will drive the future image market. Savings in cost and time, together with the need for higher and reproducible radiometric resolution or spectral information will push forward the change from analogue to digital imagery. High resolution satellites will compete with airborne film-based photography and digital camera systems.
With the availability of a digital airborne camera, it is possible to completely close the digital chain from image acquisition to exploitation and data distribution. The key decision regarding the camera design in this case is whether a linear or area array sensor should be used. In view of the high geometric accuracy requirements in photogrammetry, Z/I Imaging has focused development on a digital camera based on an area sensor. An essential aspect of this decision was not only the aerial camera system, but also the entire photogrammetric process to the finished photographic or mapping product. If this point of view is adopted, it becomes clear that the development of a digital camera involves more than simply exchanging film for silicon. Aspects such as data transfer rates, in-flight data processing and storage, image archiving, georeferencing, colour fusion, calibration and preprocessing have the same influence on the economic assessment of a digital camera system. This paper describes current development activities and application aspects of a digital modular airborne camera system.     

数字近景摄影测量中人工标志点快速自动匹配

针对数字近景摄影测量中的人工标志点快速自动匹配问题,提出了一种基于双片空间前方交会的匹配算法。首先,通过计算投影线间的最短距离确定一组初始匹配点;然后通过双片空间前方交会计算相应物方点坐标;最后反求该物方点坐标在其他像片上的像点坐标,通过比较该像点与初始匹配点的坐标差确定同名像点。两组实验均证明,该算法计算速度快,具有高匹配率和低误匹配率。     

多像位姿估计的全景纹理映射算法

纹理映射技术作为获取具有丰富纹理信息的真彩色点云的有效手段,正以其独特的优势广泛地应用于众多行业领域。研究了一种利用三维激光扫描仪与外置数码相机联合标定解算多张影像位姿并获取全景真彩色点云的方法。其基本思想是利用摄像机与激光扫描仪固有的相对位置姿态,通过对首张影像进行标定得到其位置姿态后,利用摄像机空间旋转的几何特性,根据首张影像的位姿获取其余影像的位姿,继而完成多张影像的纹理映射,获取全景彩色点云。对比目前主流的全景影像纹理映射算法,该算法在精度与效率上均有一定提高。对多种点云数据进行纹理映射实验,结果表明,该方法能够快速准确地获取真三维全景彩色点云,为三维精细化建模提供了数据基础。     

基于不同GCP数量和获取方法的数字正射影像的制作与评定

SPOT-5影像的高分辨率和高信息量的性质,使其得到了广泛的应用,特别是在全国第二次土地利用调查中得到了更加深入的应用。而数字正射影像的制作是SPOT-5遥感影像应用的关键所在。本文在介绍DOM制作的基础上,依据当前获取GCP主要的三种途径采用ERDAS遥感图像处理软件进行了实验,并对最终的结果精度进行分析,总结了DOM制作过程的相关问题。     

基于灭点的单片规则建筑物三维重建方法研究

为快速获取数字城市建设所需的三维信息,文中介绍了利用单张影像中规则几何建筑物在影像中的的灭点信息,在已知内方位元素的情况下,推导出在现有二维GIS数据的辅助下解求影像外方位元素公式,提出从单张影像上量测建筑物高程（或高度）数据的方法,并简要叙述了该方法的应用领域。     

利用锥构建DEM生成算法的研究

在综合基于离散点数模和三角网数模生成DEM两种方法优点的基础上 ,提出了一种基于离散无序点的快速生成DEM的方法。该方法有内插速度快、精度高及占用内存小的优点。     

Automatic Surface Reconstruction Based on the Fusion of Fuzzy Logic and Robust Estimation Techniques

Automatic surface reconstruction by means of digital image matching essentially involves computation in both image and object spaces. In image space, image matching is performed according to certain radiometric and geometric similarity criteria for conjugate point determination. The matching operations may therefore be regarded as decision–making processes. In practice, however, the similarity criteria for conjugate point determination demonstrate non–deterministic behaviour. Thus, the nature of these decision–making processes is more compatible with fuzzy reasoning concepts. In object space, on the other hand, surface reconstruction procedures, which operate on the basis of previously determined conjugate points, are essentially deterministic in nature and hence demand rigorous geometric modelling. In this paper, a new approach for automatic surface modelling is proposed, based on two different mathematical treatments: a fuzzy logic reasoning method for the conjugate point determination in image space; and a robust finite elements approach for the surface modelling in object space. Tests carried out on real data demonstrate the high potential of the strategy proposed.     

基于激光点云的3维可视化方法

介绍了利用3维激光点云与数字影像,生成云冈石窟正射影像的原理与方法。采用激光扫描与数码相机同步获取石窟、石佛的3维点云与数字影像,建立点云与数字影像映射关系模型,将影像的纹理信息赋予3维点云模型,实现点云模型真彩色3维可视化,并在此基础上生成正射影像图。研究成果对于历史遗迹、文物保护与修复具有重要意义。     

低空遥感数字影像的点特征提取算子的比较

低空遥感是遥感影像数据获取的重要手段之一,点特征是最常用的影像特征,目前存在多种点特征提取算法.本文根据低空遥感数字影像的特点和实际应用中的要求,利用探测速度、适应性、提取效能三个特征提取算法的比较标准对常用的点特征提取算子进行了比较.为针对不同特点的低空遥感数字影像,选择某点特征提取算法提供依据.     

数字近景摄影测量建筑容积率调查技术研究

城市建筑容积率是城市土地利用集约化程度的一个重要标志。基于遥感影像进行容积率调查的方法应用范围广,但误差较大。本文将数字近景摄影测量技术应用于精准容积率调查,研究了基于数字地图的单张像片参数以及顾及空间固定条件的立体像对前方交会方法,实现高精度的三维坐标获取。本文将普通数码相机和PDA相结合,辅助以GPS和全站仪等,实现了价格低廉、应用灵活快速的容积率调查集成系统,能够现场完成数据采集、存储。     

基于激光反射率的点云与图像自动融合

提出一个基于激光反射率的点云图像自动融合算法,数字图像与点云反射率图像特征点匹配,得到数字图像特征点像点坐标和相应物点物方空间坐标对,采用直接线性变换算法(DLT)建立点云数据反投影至二维图像点的投影模型,实现点云图像自动融合,得到目标表面的全面信息,包括物体表面三维坐标和纹理信息。自动地实现点云图像融合,无需人工参与,提高效率和准确率,同时结合实验验证该算法的可行性。     

网格化城市管理卫星技术综合应用研究

总结了网格化城市管理新模式由数字城管向智慧城管发展、城市管理范围由建成区向城乡结合部延伸所需解决的问题及对卫星技术应用的迫切需求,结合国家在卫星遥感和卫星导航方面的技术进展,探讨了网格化城市管理卫星技术综合应用服务平台的总体架构设计和主要子系统划分,并对人员和车辆精细化管理、车载视频快速上报城市管理案件、高精度移动测量技术、基于高分辨率遥感影像的城乡结合部基础数据提取技术、基于定位实景融合技术的城管业务动态监管、实景影像动态数据更新技术等关键技术进行了具体阐述。本文的部分研究成果已经在宁波市智慧城管和杭州市实景影像系统建设中进行了示范应用,取得了良好效果。     

依据点云强度校正的壁画纠正

壁画纠正能消除数字壁画影像的变形并赋予其空间参数特性,是壁画数字化保护中的关键步骤之一。激光扫描数据作为壁画影像与三维空间的媒介,在壁画影像的纹理映射和纠正中具有重要的意义。然而,激光点云强度的近距离反常现象给壁画纠正中特征点的提取带来了困难。本文针对基于点云的壁画纠正中强度信息的近距离反常问题,研究了激光成像原理,推导了顾及激光接收系统散焦效应的强度函数,并采集样本数据进行模型参数估计,通过对估计模型和实际采集数据进行比较,生成不受距离和入射角影响的相对反射率,从而有效校正了强度异常的点云数据。试验表明,在壁画影像纠正过程中,该方法能有效解决强度影像提取特征点少且分布不均的问题,效果明显优于通用的数字图像处理方法。     

3D Building Modelling with Digital Map, Lidar Data and Video Image Sequences

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and texture mapping of buildings or other man-made objects are key aspects for 3D city landscapes. An effective coarse-to-fine approach for 3D building model generation and texture mapping based on digital photogrammetric techniques is proposed. Three video image sequences, two oblique views of building walls and one vertical view of building roofs, acquired by a digital video camera mounted on a helicopter, are used as input images. Lidar data and a coarse two-dimensional (2D) digital vector map used for car navigation are also used as information sources. Automatic aerial triangulation (AAT) suitable for a high overlap image sequence is used to give initial values of camera parameters of each image. To obtain accurate image lines, the correspondence between outlines of the building and their line features in the image sequences is determined with a coarse-to-fine strategy. A hybrid point/line bundle adjustment is used to ensure the stability and accuracy of reconstruction. Reconstructed buildings with fine textures superimposed on a digital elevation model (DEM) and ortho-image are realistically visualised. Experimental results show that the proposed approach of 3D city model generation has a promising future in many applications.     

The Metric Impact of Reduction Optics in Digital Cameras

The recently released Nikon E2 still video camera incorporates reduction optics technology which enables a full conventional 35mm image to be recorded on a 2/3 inch (17mm) CCD array. This paper investigates the metric impact of reduction optics through application of the technique of multisensor system self-calibration. The influence of the JPEG image compression facility contained within the E2 is also assessed in an overall evaluation of the camera for vision metrology applications which demand relatively high object point triangulation accuracies.     

Image classification-based ground filtering of point clouds extracted from UAV-based aerial photos

With the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for mapping applications, it is possible to generate 3D dense point clouds using stereo images. This technology, however, has some disadvantages when compared to Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system. Unlike LiDAR, digital cameras mounted on UAVs are incapable of viewing beneath the canopy, which leads to sparse points on the bare earth surface. In such cases, it is more challenging to remove points belonging to above-ground objects using ground filtering algorithms generated especially for LiDAR data. To tackle this problem, a methodology employing supervised image classification for filtering 3D point clouds is proposed in this study. A classified image is overlapped with the point cloud to determine the ground points to be used for digital elevation model (DEM) generation. Quantitative evaluation results showed that filtering the point cloud with this methodology has a good potential for high-resolution DEM generation.     

卫星影像DOM技术在生产及检查中的应用

随着卫星影像技术和计算机技术的不断发展,人类已进入了数字化的信息时代,卫星影像具有测量精度高、现势性好、分辨率高、信息丰富、直观真实且具有良好的可判读性和可量测性的特点,在人们生产生活中的应用也较为广泛,具有十分广阔的应用潜力。本文论述了卫星影像DOM技术在生产以及检查中的应用。