Lateral dynamic response of a pipe pile in saturated soil layer

This paper presents an analytical solution for the lateral dynamic response of a pipe pile in a saturated soil layer. The wave propagations in the saturated soil and the pipe pile are simulated by Biot's three‐dimensional poroelastic theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The governing equations of soil are solved directly without introducing potential functions. The displacement response and dynamic impedances of the pipe pile are obtained based on the continuous conditions between the pipe pile and both the outer and inner soil. A comparison with an existing solution is performed to verify the proposed solution. Selected numerical results for the lateral dynamic responses and impedances of the pipe pile are presented to reveal the lateral vibration characteristics of the pile‐soil system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vertical dynamic response of pile in a radially heterogeneous soil layer

An analysis of a pile vertical response considering soil inhomogeneity in the radial direction under dynamic loads is presented. The solution technique is based on a three‐dimensional axisymmetric model, which includes the consideration of the vertical displacement of the soil. The soil domain is subdivided into a number of annular vertical zones, and the continuity of the displacements and stresses are imposed at both the interface of pile–soil and the interfaces of adjacent soil zones to establish the dynamic equilibrium equations of the pile–soil interaction. Then, the equations of each soil zone and of the pile are solved one by one to obtain the analytical and semi‐analytical dynamic responses at the top of the pile in the frequency domain and time domain. Parametric studies have been performed to examine the influence of soil parameters' variations in the radial direction caused by the construction effect on the dynamic responses of pile. The results of the studies have been summarized and presented in figures to illustrate the influences of the soil parameters as they change radially. The effect of the radius of the disturbed soil zone caused by construction is also studied in this paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vertical vibration of a large-diameter pipe pile considering the radial inhomogeneity of soil caused by the construction disturbance effect

This paper presents an analytical solution for the vertical vibration of a large-diameter pipe pile considering the radial inhomogeneity of both the outer and inner soil caused by the construction disturbance effect. The radial inhomogeneity of the soil is simulated by gradually varying the soil parameters in the radial direction. The complex impedance at the pile head is obtained by introducing the variable separation method and impedance function transfer method. The proposed solution is compared with existing solutions to verify its reliability. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the vertical vibration characteristics of the pile.     

饱和土中管桩的水平动阻抗研究

为了考察桩、土主要参数对饱和土中管桩水平振动的影响,将土体分为桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土两部分,利用多孔介质理论的饱和土控制方程建立了饱和土-管桩的耦合振动模型。在考虑桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土边界条件的情况下,运用势函数解耦的方法对桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土的水平振动进行了求解。在考虑桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土对管桩作用的情况下对饱和土中管桩的水平振动进行了求解,得到了管桩桩顶的水平动力阻抗,并分析了主要桩、土参数对管桩水平动力阻抗的影响。研究表明：管桩内外半径、桩周土和桩芯土剪切模量比、泊松比之比对管桩水平动力阻抗的影响较大,低频时液-固耦合系数比对管桩水平动力阻抗有一定的影响,而阻尼比之比对管桩水平动力阻抗阻尼因子有一定的影响。     

Torsional dynamic response of a pile embedded in layered soil based on the fictitious soil pile model

The torsional dynamic response of a pile embedded in layered soil is investigated while considering the influence of the pile end soil. The finite soil layers under the end of the pile are modeled as a fictitious soil pile that has the same cross-sectional area as the pile and is in perfect contact with the pile end. To allow for variations of the modulus or cross-sectional area of the pile and soil, the soil surrounding and below the pile is vertically decomposed into finite layers. Using the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution for the dynamic response of the pile head in the frequency domain is then obtained, and the relevant semi-analytical solution in the time domain is derived using the inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem. The rationality and accuracy of the solution is verified by comparing the torsional dynamic behavior of the pile calculated with the fictitious soil pile with those based on a rigid support model and a viscoelastic support model. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the properties and thickness of the pile end soil on the torsional dynamic response of the pile.     

横观各向同性地基中管桩扭转振动响应解析解

考虑地基沉积过程中产生的竖向和水平向力学性质的差异,对横观各向同性地基中管桩扭转振动频域响应进行了理论研究。基于横观各向同性材料的本构关系以及桩-土耦合扭转振动,建立了桩土系统定解问题,通过Laplace变换和分离变量法求得了桩周土和桩芯土扭转振动位移形式解。通过桩-土接触面的连续条件,求得了管桩扭转频域响应解析解,并得到了桩顶复动刚度和速度导纳的表达式。将所得解退化到横观各向同性地基中实心桩解以及均匀地基中管桩解,并与已有文献进行了对比,验证了解的合理性。通过数值算例,分析了桩周土和桩芯土的横观各向同性力学参数对桩顶扭转复刚度及速度导纳的影响。     

基于土体三维波动模型的饱和土中管桩竖向振动

基于土体的三维波动模型研究了饱和土中单个管桩的竖向振动。将桩周土和桩芯土视为两相多孔介质,管桩视为等截面的圆管杆单元。在考虑桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土径向位移和竖向位移的情况下,建立了基于土体三维波动模型的饱和土-管桩竖向耦合振动模型。借助势函数和分离变量法并考虑土体边界条件,求解了考虑土体三维波动的桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土的竖向振动。在此基础上,考虑管桩桩端边界条件,利用三角函数正交性求解了饱和土中单个管桩的竖向振动,得到了管桩桩顶的竖向复刚度。通过数值算例,对比分析了土体三维波动模型解和不考虑土体径向位移的简化模型解的计算结果,分析了主要桩、土参数对饱和土中管桩竖向振动的影响。研究表明：当管桩壁较薄时且低频时不应忽略土体径向位移的影响,在动态刚度因子和等效阻尼随频率变化曲线峰值峰谷处不宜忽略土体液相的影响,管桩壁不宜过薄。管桩壁厚、长径比、桩芯饱和土与桩周饱和土密度比、剪切模量比以及桩-土模量比对饱和土中管桩竖向振动有较大影响,在进行管桩设计时需要综合考虑相关参数。     

Time-domain analysis of velocity waves in a pipe pile due to a transient point load

The propagation of stress waves in a pipe pile subjected to a transient point load cannot be expressed using traditional one-dimensional (1D) wave theory. This paper presents an analytical solution used to investigate the wave propagation in a pipe pile under an axial point load. The soil resistance is simulated using the Winkler model, and the excitation force is simulated with a semi-sinusoidal impulse. A time-domain analytical solution for the three-dimensional wave equation is derived using the separation of variables and variation of constants methods. The solution is verified with a frequency domain analytical solution in which the time-domain response is calculated by numerical Fourier inverse transformation. Furthermore, the solution proposed in this paper is compared with the results of model testing and 3D FEM analysis. The comparisons show that the analytical solution proposed in this study agrees well with the results of previous studies. The proposed solution is subsequently applied in case studies. The vertical velocity responses in the circumferential and axial directions are analyzed to reveal the propagation characteristics of transient waves in the pipe pile. Moreover, the effects of the location and period of the excitation force, the side and tip resistances and high-order modes are studied in detail.     

饱和黏弹性地基土中管桩纵向振动研究

用解析方法在频率域内研究考虑质量耦合效应的饱和黏弹性地基土中管桩的纵向振动特性。基于Biot理论,采用薄层法,推导得到饱和黏弹性地基土的位移、应力等的表达式。将管桩等效为一维弹性杆件处理。根据界面连续性条件,给出饱和黏弹性地基土中管桩的纵向振动一般分析方法和桩顶动力复刚度的表达式。在该基础上,对比分析饱和地基土中实心桩和管桩纵向振动特性。通过算例分析,考察桩周土和桩芯土的力学参数对桩顶刚度因子和等效阻尼的影响。研究表明,饱和黏弹性地基土中实心桩和管桩的纵向振动有明显的差异。     

黏弹性地基中PCC桩扭转振动响应解析方法研究

考虑土体材料的黏性阻尼和桩-土扭转耦合振动,把桩看作一维杆,将土体视作三维轴对称黏弹性介质,对黏弹性地基中现浇混凝土大直径管桩（简称PCC桩）扭转振动频域特性进行了理论研究,采用Laplace变换和分离变量的方法求得了桩顶扭转频域响应解析解。将所得解完全退化到实心桩的解,并与经典平面应变解进行对比,验证了解析解的合理性。分析了桩长以及土体黏性阻尼系数对桩顶速度导纳和复动刚度的影响,得到了各参数对桩扭转振动特性影响的规律。分析表明：桩周土黏性阻尼系数增大可以显著提高桩顶扭转复动刚度和减小速度导纳振荡幅值,而桩芯土黏性阻尼系数的影响不明显;桩长越长,桩顶复动刚度越大,速度导纳振荡幅值越小,但当桩长增大到一定程度时,再继续增加桩长,桩顶复动刚度基本没有改变。     

黏弹性地基中管桩水平动力特性分析

从土体三维波动方程出发,将管桩看作一维欧拉-伯努利梁,对黏弹性地基中管桩水平振动响应进行了理论研究。摒弃传统的设立势函数法,而采用微分变换直接对土体振动方程进行解耦,并结合分离变量法求得了桩周土和桩芯土位移和应力表达式,进而利用管桩与桩周土和桩芯土接触界面的耦合连续条件得到桩的位移解析解,给出了管桩桩顶水平动力复阻抗表达式。将所得解完全退化到实心桩解,并与现有文献进行对比,验证了所提方法的合理性。通过参数分析,研究了桩周土、桩芯土剪切模量和密度以及管桩桩长对管桩桩顶复阻抗的影响。     

基于薄层法的饱和土桩纵向振动研究

在饱和多孔介质理论的基础上,将桩周土体看作液固饱和两相介质,借助于Novak薄层理论得到了饱和土层的竖向动力阻抗,研究了饱和土中桩的纵向耦合振动,并对比分析了采用三维模型和薄层法的结果,验证了结果的正确性。分析讨论了桩土主要力学参数对饱和土-桩耦合体系动力行为的影响。研究结果表明,桩的长径比、桩土模量比等对饱和土桩耦合体系纵向振动的影响相对较大,而土的黏滞阻尼系数和液固耦合系数的影响相对较小。     

饱和土中桩水平振动引起土层复阻抗分析研究

基于Biot动力固结方程,研究了饱和土中端承桩在水平振动时产生的土层复阻抗特性。对动力固结方程进行变型,采用算子分解及分离变量法得到简谐稳态水平振动下土层复阻抗动力响应的解析解。将该解与等效单相解以及单相解进行了对比,并阐明各解之间的关系,指出可等效成等效单相解的条件。通过参数分析,剖析了渗透系数、桩土模量比和桩长径比对土层阻抗的影响。     

分层土中群桩水平动力阻抗的改进计算

采用动力Winkler地基梁模型,建立了主动桩和被动桩的简化解析运动方程,考虑地基土的分层特性、桩身剪切变形和转动惯量,提出了计算分层地基中单桩和群桩动力阻抗的改进计算方法,并与已有文献的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明：改进方法的计算结果与现场实测更接近。在低频段,改进方法的计算结果与已有文献结果较一致,但随着桩身剪切模量的减小,两者差异增大。差异主要是由考虑桩身剪切变形和转动惯量引起的,且前者影响较大,在低频段差异亦十分明显,而后者影响较小,在群桩阻抗峰值区域和高频段差异明显,需考虑桩身转动惯量的影响。     

Vertical impedance of an end‐bearing pile in viscoelastic soil

This paper presents a new method to derive the analytical solution for the vertical impedance of an end‐bearing pile in viscoelastic soil. The soil is assumed as a homogeneous and isotropic layer, and the pile is considered as a one‐dimensional Euler rod. Considering both the vertical and radial displacements of soil and soil–pile coupled vibration, the governing equations of the soil and pile are established. The volumetric strain of soil is obtained by transformation on the equations of soil and variable separation method. Then the vertical and radial displacements of soil are obtained accordingly. The displacement response and impedance function of pile are derived based on the continuity assumption of the displacement and stress between the pile and soil. The solution is verified by being compared with an existing solution obtained by introducing potential functions. Furthermore, a comparison with two other simplified solutions is conducted. Numerical examples are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics of the pile. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

饱和土中单桩水平瞬态响应研究

基于Biot动力固结方程,应用Novak薄层方法研究了饱和土中单桩在水平冲击荷载作用下的动力响应问题。首先引入势函数对方程解耦,再通过算子分解和分离变量法,结合初始边界条件,并联立桩基振动微分方程,推导了Laplace变换域内桩身位移函数及内力表达式。采用Laplace逆变换的优化模型求得了时域内瞬态响应的封闭解。将该解退化到单相介质条件下的桩顶位移-时间曲线与已有的边界元方法的结果基本吻合,验证了解答的正确性。参数分析结果表明：桩-土模量比、长径比、渗透系数对桩身位移均影响显著,而同条件下长径比超过一特定值后则影响较小,且桩土模量比是影响桩身弯矩大小及其分布的重要参数。     

Vertical dynamic response of a pile embedded in a poroelastic soil layer overlying rigid base

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents an analytical solution to investigate the vertical dynamic response of an elastic pile embedded in poroelastic soil overlying a rigid base. The pile top is...     

Vertical dynamic response of a rigid foundation embedded in a poroelastic soil layer

A simplified analytical method is presented for the vertical dynamic analysis of a rigid, massive, cylindrical foundation embedded in a poroelastic soil layer. The foundation is subjected to a time‐harmonic vertical loading and is perfectly bonded to the surrounding soil in the vertical direction. The soil underlying the foundation base is represented by a single‐layered poroelastic soil based on rigid bedrock while the soil at the side of the foundation is modeled as an independent poroelastic layer composed of a series of infinitesimally thin layers. The behavior of the soil is governed by Biot's poroelastodynamic theory and its governing equations are solved by the use of Hankel integral transform. The contact surface between the foundation base and the soil is smooth and fully permeable. The dynamic interaction problem is solved following standard numerical procedures. The accuracy of the present solution is verified by comparisons with the well‐known solutions obtained from other approaches for both the elastodynamic interaction problem and poroelastodynamic interaction problem. Numerical results for the vertical dynamic impedance and response factor of the foundation are presented to demonstrate the influence of nondimensional frequency of excitation, soil layer thickness, poroelastic material parameters, depth ratio and mass ratio on the dynamic response of a rigid foundation embedded in a poroelastic soil layer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非均质土中桩端扩散虚土桩法的桩基纵向振动研究

根据桩端土应力扩散的规律,建立了桩端扩散虚土桩模型。基于该模型对非均质土中桩-土纵向耦合振动进行研究。利用复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,得到桩与虚土桩桩侧土的剪切复刚度。结合边界条件、初始条件和连续条件,对扩散虚土桩和实体桩动力方程从底层往顶层逐层进行求解,得到桩顶动力响应的频域解析解和时域半解析解。通过对桩端扩散虚土桩扩散角、扩散层厚度、桩侧土非均质性和桩长的影响进行计算分析,得到基于扩散虚土桩法桩-土纵向振动响应特性。研究结论可为桩基础动力设计和动态检测提供理论依据。