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1.
The effect of reservoir length on seismic performance of gravity dams to near- and far-fault ground motions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In this article, the effect of reservoir length on seismic performance of gravity dams to near- and far-fault ground motions
is investigated. For this purpose, four finite element models of dam–reservoir–foundation interaction system are prepared
by using the Lagrangian approach. In these models, the reservoir length varies from H to 4H (H: the height of dam). The Folsom gravity dam is selected as a numerical application. Two different ground motion records of
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are used in the analyses. One of ground motions is recorded in near fault; the other is recorded
in far fault. Also, the two records have the same peak ground acceleration. The study mainly consists of three parts to assess
the effects of reservoir length on the seismic performance of the concrete gravity dam. In the first part, the linear time-history
analyses of the four finite element models prepared for the Folsom gravity dam are performed. In the second part, the seismic
performance of the dam is evaluated according to demand–capacity ratio and cumulative inelastic duration. Finally, the nonlinear
time-history analyses of the finite element models of the dam are carried out by using Drucker–Prager yield criteria for dam
concrete. It is seen from the analyses results that the seismic behavior of the concrete gravity dams is considerably affected
from the length of the reservoir. The reservoir length of 3H is adequate for concrete gravity dams. The selection of ground motion is on of the important parts of seismic evaluation
of gravity dams. Also, the frequency characteristics of the ground motion having the same peak ground acceleration affect
the seismic performance of the dam. The near-fault ground motions are generally creates more stress on the dam body than far-fault
ground motions. The used performance approach provides a systematic methodology for assessment of the seismic performance
and necessity of nonlinear analyses for dam systems. 相似文献
2.
近海风力发电结构是由无限域地基、基础及上部结构组成的体系,有限域透射人工边界和地震动输入模式直接影响结构体系的动力响应。首先,建立透射人工边界-地基-基础-塔筒结构和固定边界-地基-基础-塔筒结构的有限元模型;然后,简要澄清了透射边界地震动输入之所以采用外力而不采取地震动物理量(加速度、速度和位移)的原因所在;最后,对给出的3种作用模式:(1)固定边界地震动输入,(2)只考虑外源输入波作用,(3)同时考虑外源输入波和内源振动的散射波作用,分别进行计算分析和比较。通过数值计算并结合理论分析,(1)澄清了对透射边界采用外力进行地震激励输入的方法的原因,这种输入方法合理可靠,符合实际情况;(2)在地震波等效荷载的生成中,针对圆形横截面地基提出了一种阻尼力、刚度力的便捷性生成方法,大大减小了工作量;(3)从自身振动特点及阻尼设置角度,解释了地震作用下采用透射边界比采用固定边界时风电结构响应减小的原因;(4)指出了地震作用下透射边界地基模型在结构动力响应与倒塌计算中内源振动反射的不容忽视性。 相似文献
3.
沉箱加桩复合基础地震响应离心试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对沉箱加桩复合基础地震响应问题开展动力离心试验研究。采用砂质粉土作为地基土,上部结构简化为质点和柱体,基础类型包括单桩、沉箱、沉箱加桩复合基础,利用层状剪切模型箱消除边界反射,以上海人工中波为输入波,在50 g离心加速度场下进行水平地震试验。根据基础形式的不同进行3组试验,试验结果表明:对于刚度较小的土,地震波向上传播过程中具有加速度衰减的特征;沉箱底部加桩对于降低基础和结构地震响应有积极的效果,有利于增强其抗震能力;地表、基础、结构的地震响应频率特性各不相同,这取决于其各自不同的自振特性;土与基础、基础与结构之间均会发生地震相互作用,但只有与相互作用对象自振频率均较接近的地震频域分量才能引起明显的相互作用。 相似文献
4.
The structural response of buildings subjected to seismic loads is affected by local site conditions and the interaction between
the structure and the supporting soil media. Seismic centrifuge model tests were conducted on two layered clay soil profiles
at 80 g field to investigate soil-structure interaction and dynamic response of foundation. Several earthquake-like shaking
events were applied to the models using an electro-hydraulic shaking table to simulate linear and nonlinear soil behavior.
Results showed that the foundation input motion was significantly amplified in both models, especially for weak earthquake
motions. Seismic soil-structure interaction was found to have an important effect on structure response by increasing the
amplification of foundation input motion. A 3D finite difference numerical model was also developed to simulate the response
of centrifuge model tests and study the parameters that affect the characteristics of earthquake at the base of the structure.
The results indicated that the stiffness and stratification of the soil profiles had a significant effect on modifying the
foundation input motion. 相似文献
5.
Jiaxu Jin Chenguang Song Bing Liang Yijun Chen Menglei Su 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(18):654
Earthquake is one of the most important factors that leads to the liquefaction of tailings and to the instability of the tailings reservoir. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the instability mechanism of the tailings reservoir under seismic load. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of the tailings reservoir under seismic load were investigated by carrying out a model test on the dynamic characteristics of the tailings dam. A model test of tailings dam failure and the dynamic characteristics model of the tailings reservoir under seismic load were established. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics under a seismic load were investigated. Additionally, the correctness of the dynamic characteristics model of the tailings reservoir was verified by numerical calculation. Researches show that with the increase in input peak acceleration, pore water pressure, earth pressure, and the horizontal and vertical displacements of the dam monitoring points are gradually increased. However, the acceleration amplification factor shows a declining trend. In the process of increasing the input peak acceleration, the saturation line and the lifting speed increases gradually. There is no obvious slip surface in the failure of the tailings dam, and the overall sliding is shown by the failure mode. The tailings reach each of the downstream sections. The mud height increases to the peak value, and then decreases gradually until stagnation. The results of this study can provide the theoretical basis and reference values for the stability analysis of a tailings reservoir under a seismic load, and the results are of great significance for controlling the risk factors in the operation of tailings reservoir, reducing the risk of tailings production safety, preventing the occurrence of tailing pond accidents, protecting the property safety of the downstream residents and enterprises, maintaining social stability around the reservoir area and creating a good ecological environment. 相似文献
6.
A novel three‐dimensional particle‐based technique utilizing the discrete element method is proposed to analyze the seismic response of soil‐foundation‐structure systems. The proposed approach is employed to investigate the response of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure on a square spread footing founded on a dry granular deposit. The soil is idealized as a collection of spherical particles using discrete element method. The spread footing is modeled as a rigid block composed of clumped particles, and its motion is described by the resultant forces and moments acting upon it. The structure is modeled as a column made of particles that are either clumped to idealize a rigid structure or bonded to simulate a flexible structure of prescribed stiffness. Analysis is done in a fully coupled scheme in time domain while taking into account the effects of soil nonlinear behavior, the possible separation between foundation base and soil caused by rocking, the possible sliding of the footing, and the dynamic soil‐foundation interaction as well as the dynamic characteristics of the superstructure. High fidelity computational simulations comprising about half a million particles were conducted to examine the ability of the proposed technique to model the response of soil‐foundation‐structure systems. The computational approach is able to capture essential dynamic response patterns. The cyclic moment–rotation relationships at the base center point of the footing showed degradation of rotational stiffness by increasing the level of strain. Permanent deformations under the foundation continued to accumulate with the increase in number of loading cycles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
8.
基于离心机振动台,分别针对典型软基尾黏土尾矿库及加高扩容后的尾矿库开展了动力离心模型试验,重点探究了加速度分布规律、软土及尾矿内部孔压变化规律以及“软基?库内尾矿?尾矿坝”系统的变形规律等内容。试验结果表明:软基对地震动的放大效应较为微弱,而坝体加速度沿高程逐渐放大,高层子坝加速度响应最为强烈,加高扩容后的现坝顶加速度响应可达原坝顶的2.2倍;地震作用下软土与库内尾矿内部均会产生一定的孔压增量,但未达到液化状态。地震动强度、软基及库内尾矿的固结状态对尾矿库的变形模式影响较大。当固结不充分时,在强震作用下易发生尾矿的水平滑移,进而造成坝顶及下游软土隆起。在固结较为充分且地震动强度较弱的情况下,变形模式以震陷为主。该试验成果将为此类尾矿库的动力稳定分析及抗震加固设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
9.
Advanced seismic slope stability analysis 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The objective of this study was to present an advanced methodology for assessing seismic slope stability by taking into account the uncertainties related to the main input parameters. The methodology was applied on a real landslide in order to show the advantages of using the proposed procedure and establish the baseline trends of dynamic response and calculated permanent seismic displacements. It involves the following steps: preliminary analysis, probabilistic static and seismic factor of safety analysis, and permanent seismic displacement analysis. Estimating post-failure maximum seismic deformation of landslide mass and sounding properties is the most important part of this study. It involves both Newmark sliding block method and continuum mechanics approach, applied for characteristic set of input values in order to have more accurate assessment of slope performance and determine the relative importance of input parameters. The results of the analysis showed the benefits of using the proposed step-by-step methodology. The obtained difference in the results between the two methods depends strongly on the set input data for a particular analysis. 相似文献
10.
Responses of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills during earthquakes are gaining worldwide importance due to the devastating nature of earthquake on landfills. Apart from the post-earthquake safety and serviceability issues which pose environmental and public health problems, other important concerns are related to the behavior of closed landfills during and after earthquake. In present study, one dimensional (1-D) equivalent-linear analysis was carried out to model the behaviour of MSW landfills subjected to seismic base accelerations using the DEEPSOIL software. Influence of foundation types, height and stiffness of MSW landfills and seismic base accelerations on the seismic responses in terms of surface accelerations, normalized stresses (i.e., shear stress/effective vertical stress) and spectral amplification are evaluated. The results showed that height and stiffness of landfills, type of foundation and amount of seismic base acceleration and period play important role in evaluating the seismic responses of MSW landfills. Assumption of constant unit weight and shear wave velocity for landfills underestimates maximum horizontal acceleration (MHA), normalized shear stresses and spectral amplification at the top of landfills. Landfill models with smaller heights (up to 40 m high) showed higher amplification ratio for low seismic base accelerations with mean period near to that of soil and landfill resonance for all sites. A complex behavior was observed at higher seismic base accelerations due to non-linear behavior of landfill materials. 相似文献
11.
Farshid Vahedifard Christopher L. Meehan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(6):1023-1034
Predictive displacement-based methods provide a useful index of the seismic performance of earth dams and embankments and
can be used in preliminary assessments of these structures. In practice, simplified Newmark-type sliding block methods are
commonly used for this purpose. Using a database of 122 previously published case histories of permanent deformations of earth
dams and embankments, the performance of six simplified sliding block models was examined. The results show that all six simplified
methods underpredict seismic displacement for many of the embankment and earth dam cases that were examined, sometimes by
a significant amount. An empirical correlation was developed by performing linear multiple regression analysis utilizing multiple
slope and ground motion input parameters. This approach is believed to more properly reflect strong ground motion characteristics
than the use of a single ground motion parameter such as the peak ground acceleration, the approach that has been previously
employed in other correlations of this type. After exploring numerous functional forms, the final resulting seismic displacement
correlation that was proposed was determined to be a function of the critical acceleration, the critical acceleration ratio,
the slope height, the peak ground acceleration, the peak ground velocity, the spectral acceleration, and the predominant period
of earthquake shaking. The proposed empirical equation yields better correlation with the case history database than does
other existing empirical correlations or simplified sliding block models. 相似文献
12.
在强震区、含软弱土层的500 m级特厚覆盖层上建坝,超出了现行设计规范的控制范围。开展了覆盖层厚度、输入地震波峰值、覆盖层中的软弱土层厚度等指标的敏感性分析,揭示了深厚覆盖层地震反应的主要特征及坝基建基面加速度放大倍数分布的规律性。研究认为:覆盖层厚度、输入加速度峰值、软弱土层厚度等指标与建基面放大倍数的衰减在变化规律上成正相关;当输入地震波峰值加速度为0.5g作用下,含软弱土层的500m级特厚覆盖层坝基中地震波总体以衰减为主,建基面放大倍数小于1;覆盖层加速度放大倍数随高程变化的基本规律为先衰减后放大。当存在软弱土层时,由于其滤波隔震作用会在土层内发生动力反应的二次衰减。基于上述分析,进一步提出了覆盖层下部区域地震效应衰减、中部区域软弱土层二次衰减、顶部区域放大的加速度放大倍数分布模型,编制了覆盖层加速度放大倍数建议值表,研究成果可为含软弱土层的深厚河床覆盖层坝基工程设计提供重要参考。 相似文献
13.
叠交隧道是涉及隧道之间、隧道与土体相互作用的复杂体系,其安全性将严重影响城市轨道交通建设。目前,对于叠交隧道振动台试验的研究集中在水平平行和交叉叠交隧道、单向和双向地震动输入。鉴于此,利用自行设计的层状三向剪切模型箱,对竖直平行叠交隧道开展三向地震作用下的振动台模型试验,研究地基土−叠交隧道模型体系动力特性、地基土加速度、叠交隧道加速度、地表沉降、地基土孔压、叠交隧道动土压力及叠交隧道应变等地震响应。结果表明:随着震波峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,简称PGA)依次增加,地基土−叠交隧道模型体系的自振频率随之减小,而阻尼比随之增大;叠交隧道周围地基土加速度和孔压的梯度差随着地震波PGA的增大而增大,且上隧道周围梯度差比下隧道更大;地基土对加速度的放大效应随着地震波PGA的增大而减弱;相同地震波作用下,相同位置处的叠交隧道加速度傅里叶谱形状相似,但幅值随着地震波PGA的增大而增大。此外,与顶部和底部位置相比,腰部位置加速度傅里叶谱频段范围变宽,幅值峰值有所降低;地表沉降峰值随着地震波PGA的增大而减小,相比地基土两侧位置,中心位置的沉降峰值明显较小;地震波的类型对叠交隧道动土压力峰值和应变峰值影响较小;对于动土压力峰值,两隧道的最大值均为腰部,而上、下隧道的最小值分别为底部、顶部;对于应变峰值,上隧道在腰部明显大于顶部和底部,而下隧道在4个位置相差不大。 相似文献
14.
为研究和对比不同压实度铁路路堤边坡的地震响应,设计了路堤本体压实度分别为95%、91%、87%和83%的4组路堤边坡模型,开展了不同压实度路堤边坡的振动台试验研究。通过穿插进行白噪声激励得到不同压实度路堤边坡的动力特性参数;通过施加不同类型和不同强度的地震动激励,研究不同压实度路堤边坡加速度放大倍数分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,随着地震动激励次数的增多,路堤边坡自振频率下降,阻尼比增大,压实度对路堤边坡动力特性变化影响显著;加速度放大倍数沿路堤边坡高度呈非线性增大,加速度放大倍数随地震动激励强度增大而减小;台面输入的地震波经路堤边坡传播后,其频谱特性发生了明显的变化,不同压实度路堤边坡对地震波频谱特性的影响不同;不同地震动激励下不同压实度路堤边坡的加速度放大倍数分布情况有所差异,这与地震动频谱特性和路堤边坡动力特性参数有关 相似文献
15.
通过动力有限元时程法分析了金沙江阿海混凝土重力坝在设计地震动(0.344g)作用下的动态响应,计算模型考虑了动水压力作用、大坝-岩基相互作用,用黏弹性吸波边界模拟了地震动能量向无限远域逸散的地基“辐射阻尼”效应。通过将坝体惯性力时程极大值与振型分解反应谱法的惯性力极值对比,从而验证了复杂动力数值模拟结果的正确性,为后续分析打下了基础。采用沿滑面的应力积分法得到了大坝沿建基面的瞬态抗滑安全系数时程。计算结果表明:阿海重力坝在设计地震动(0.344g)作用下的安全系数时程的极小值为1.146,大坝整体稳定性良好,可不采取提高整体抗滑 相似文献
16.
对国家强震动台网中心紫坪铺面板堆石坝区域台站实测主震记录以及大坝台网实测余震记录进行分析,研究主震与强余震地震动的基本特征。分别选取茂县地办、郫县走石山、成都中和这3组基岩台站实测主震地震动,紫坪铺台站2008年11月6日实测余震地震动以及按水工抗震规范人工生成地震动作为数值计算的地震动输入,对紫坪铺大坝进行三维动力有限元分析,并与实测结果进行对比。研究表明,郫县走石山与成都中和2个远场台站位于断层下盘,其实测地震动的加速度反应谱长周期(0.65 s以后)分量过于丰富,不宜作为断裂带附近紫坪铺大坝的地震动输入;紫坪铺大坝台站实测的余震地震动1 Hz附近(大坝基频)的频率成分相对较少,且持续时间较短,以至于难以激发大坝响应;对比坝顶实测地震动加速度反应谱和数值计算反应谱,建议汶川地震中紫坪铺大坝动力计算时可采用茂县地办台站实测地震动或按抗震设计规范反应谱人工生成地震动。 相似文献
17.
饱和土广泛存在于自然界之中,将土体视为固-液二相介质,基于biot饱和土介质动力方程的u-p形式研究了反映饱和土无约束域能量辐射效应影响的等效黏弹性人工边界单元,基于地震波转化为作用于人工边界节点上等效荷载的方法实现了波动输入。采用算例验证了等效人工单元的精度。建立饱和土-地铁车站非线性有限元整体模型,分析了考虑双相介质饱和土的波动传播,对比了饱和土及单相土在地震作用下地铁车站的地震反应,并与振动台试验结果进行了比较,研究表明:地震作用下采用考虑多孔介质的特性分析地基土与单相固体介质相比更加合理。通过对车站结构关键构件的加速度、位移和内力等进行分析,研究了饱和土-地下结构相互作用体系的地震反应。 相似文献
18.
为研究悬臂抗滑桩加固边坡的地震响应和抗滑桩桩身弯矩分布规律,利用北京工业大学结构实验室的大型振动台进行悬臂抗滑桩加固边坡模型的振动试验。在试验过程中,输入汶川地震重华镇波,记录边坡不同位置加速度的时程变化,并作对比分析,采集抗滑桩桩身的应变,用于分析桩身弯矩分布。结果表明,地震过程中边坡内部加速度自下而上逐渐放大,边坡顶部放大效果达到最大;悬臂抗滑桩的加固效应和桩间土体成拱作用使附近土体的动力响应受到限制;抗滑桩的嵌固端与悬臂部分分界面随着地震波的输入应变急剧增大,而悬臂部分随着高度增加应变减小,反映了悬臂抗滑桩弯矩的“凸”形分布规律。 相似文献
19.
基于模糊因素的岩质边坡地震稳定性多模型组合评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
岩质边坡地震稳定性评价是岩土边坡地震失稳防治的基础工作,针对评价过程中评价因素的多源模糊性,借鉴工程可变模糊集理论,将模糊可变评价模型应用于岩质边坡地震稳定性评价中。综合考虑岩质边坡内在结构和外部自然条件,选取岩土体特性、新构造运动特征、坡高、坡角、年均降雨量和场地地震烈度6个指标作为评价指标体系并建立等级标准;将改进熵权算法引入该模型中,利用指标实际数据离散性求权重;通过改变模糊可变评价模型参数对岩质边坡地震稳定性进行线性与非线性组合评价,并将均值作为最终评价结果。将该方法应用于天然边坡与路堑边坡实例中,结果表明,模糊可变评价模型评价结果合理、客观,具有更高的可靠性与稳定性,为岩质边坡地震稳定性评价工作提供了一种新的研究方法与思路 相似文献
20.
Dams constructed on the seismically active regions have a high-risk potential for downstream life and property. Strong ground
motion can result in instability of the dam and strength loss of foundation. Active faults within the foundation of dam have
the potential to cause damaging displacement of the structures. Appropriate design measures should be considered to obtain
rational solution to the problem of catastrophic release of water from the reservoir, and especially to resist earthquake
loads. Safety concerns for dams under the earthquake loads involve the seismic hazard evaluation of dam site for the overall
stability of structure. Various types of analyses can be used, ranging from a simplified analysis to more complex procedures
based on ground motion parameters and response spectra. This paper briefly evaluates seismic hazard analyses for dam structures,
and introduces the analyses for thirty-six dams with height ranging from 15 to 195 m in Kızılırmak basin, Turkey. The seismic
hazard analyses have indicated that peak ground acceleration varies within a wide range (0.09–0.45 g) for the dam sites of
the basin. 相似文献