THE MORPHOLOGY AND VITALITY OF BUSINESS DISTRICTS IN UPSTATE NEW YORK VILLAGES 1

Testing the theoretical notion that differences in entrepreneurial skill can enhance the viability of a poor location or detract from the qualities of a good location, this study reviews the historical experience of a number of retailing establishments operated by different firms at the same sites. The ultimate success of stores that had done poorly under previous management tends to confirm that a location is “good'’only so long as the retailer employs effective merchandising and operating policies.     

广州市新老中心商业区土地利用差异研究

本文通过实地调查，分析了广州市新老中心商业区土地利用的差异，以及产生差异的主要原因，并对其土地利用结构和布局发生变化的理论意义进行了讨论。     

轨道交通对广州城市形态的影响研究

城市形态由物质形态和非物质形态两部分构成，广州城市轨道交通对城市物质形态的影响主要体现在城市空间结构、城市规模及土地利用3个方面，分析认为轨道交通的发展使广州城市空间结构由单中心向多中心转变；城市规模扩大；沿线土地的性质和功能得到良性的改变。轨道交通对广州城市非物质形态的影响主要体现在城市文化形态方面，分析认为轨道交通创造了城市轨道交通文化；提高了城市运作效率；实现城市绿色交通。     

临沧市临翔区城市形态演变的分形研究

在对临沧市临翔区1949～2009年城市建成区地图进行遥感和GIS技术处理的基础上,利用分形理论的边界维数模型对其城市形态的演变过程进行了定量分析,并以城市紧凑度和建成区面积年均增长率作为辅助数据,探索了临翔区城市形态在不同历史阶段的扩展特征。研究表明:临翔区城市形态具有分形特征,其演变过程经历了5个大的阶段:第一次快速扩展期、缓慢扩展期、恢复扩展期、第二次快速扩展期和稳定扩展期。扩展模式在外部扩展和内部填充之间不断"角力"。在整体的扩展方向上,以向北为主导。演变受到多种因素的共同作用,以经济、政策和自然因素的影响为最大。     

游憩商务区(RBD)研究回顾与展望

RBD是继CBD之后兴起的集游憩与商业功能一体的新型城市中心区，正在成为城市规划的新热点。国内外关于RBD的理论研究还处于起步阶段。基于国内外对RBD已有的文献进行分析总结，即从概念、范围界定、类型与功能、形成机制、空间结构、规划和实证研究等7个方面归纳RBD的研究成果。从中可以得出现阶段RBD的理论研究落后于实证研究，非物质研究落后于物质研究及研究方法较落后等存在的问题，展望了未来的研究领域重点是加强和国外比较分析领域的前瞻性研究。     

HILLS AS RESOURCES AND RESISTANCES IN SYRACUSE,NEW YORK*

In an example of what William Freudenburg and his colleagues called the “conjoint construction” of nature and society, hills may represent either assets or liabilities for urban settlement, depending on the period and the activities involved. The relationships between terrain and land use in Syracuse, New York, since the late eighteenth century fall into three major eras. The initial phase, in which settlement largely shunned the lowlands, gave way in the 1820s to one in which canals and railroads stimulated development of the lowlands and in which most land uses, save those of the classic urban fringe, avoided the uplands. A new pattern appeared in the late nineteenth century with the arrival of the electric trolley and the automobile and with provision of a municipal water supply able to reach the city's high ground. Development since then has been consistent with Ernest Burgess's 1929 model of “the poor in the valleys, the well‐to‐do on the hillslopes, and the rich on the hilltops.”     

小城镇可持续发展的区域透视

小城镇可持续发展是当今可持续发展研究的重点领域之一，目前绝大部分研究仅仅局限于就小城镇论小城镇，笔者认为区域才是小城镇可持续发展的基础，是小城镇赖以生存的环境，小城镇是区域社会生产力发展到一定阶段的产物，小城镇和它所在的区域是互相依存、互相促进的。只有当二者为互动关系时，才能促进小城镇可持续发展。笔者从理论与实证研究角度，阐述影响小城镇可持续发展的区域环境、区域经济、区域社会、区域与小城镇的整体性等因素，认为小城镇可持续发展是一个多层次、多因素的庞大的系统，推动其发展的包括内部环境与外部环境，并构建区域与小城镇可持续发展的“火箭”模型。     

云南省历史文化名城名镇名村空间分布特征研究

历史文化名城名镇名村是一定地域的文化空间载体,具有较高的文化、历史、经济、艺术等价值。以云南省历史文化名城名镇名村为研究对象,借助ArcGIS10.2软件,运用地理数学方法:最临近指数、地理集中指数、不均衡指数对云南省历史文化名城名镇名村的空间分布特征进行分析。研究表明:从空间分布特征上看,云南省历史文化名城名镇名村在区域上分布不均衡,主要集中在滇东南、滇西北,在市域上主要分布在大理和红河;从空间类型上看,云南省历史文化名城名镇名村分布呈集聚型且出现区域集中现象,主要集中分布在滇西的保山、滇西北的大理、滇东南的红河3个高密度集聚区。     

COMMUNITY GARDENS AND POLITICS OF SCALE IN NEW YORK CITY*

ABSTRACT. New York City community gardens have been the subject of political contestation over the course of their thirty‐year existence. In 1999, 114 gardens were slated for public auction and redevelopment. This article examines the controversy over the garden auction as a politics of scale in which garden advocates successively raised the scope of the controversy beyond the scale of individual gardens, and ultimately beyond that of the city. Analysis of this land‐use conflict highlights the significance of politics of scale for grassroots organizations within a market‐centric, neoliberal economic framework.     

建设新农村背景下江苏城镇化用地浅析

温家宝总理说过“土地是中华民族的生命线”，用地问题人们一直在密切关注着。江苏省在城镇化发展过程中已经积累了土地节约利用、优化布局等土地利用经验，但是目前江苏省在建设新农村背景下城镇发展过程中土地利用方面存在的小城镇建设用地秩序紊乱，园区建设规划不科学，基建用地量不断增加，征地成本偏低农民利益受损等一系列问题，由此提出创新优化调整园区建设用地，挖掘现有建设用地的空间，城镇化用地和农村用地相协调匹配，借用市场力量抑止土地浪费，清查整顿城镇发展而超标的土地等浅薄建议。     

SCALAR VARIATION AND NODAL ACCESSIBILITY IN THE CHINESE RAILROAD NETWORK

The effect of varying the scalar value in a powered connectivity matrix upon the measurement of nodal accessibilities is illustrated by reference to the railroad network in China. The degree of influence is demonstrated by estimating the effect of scalar variation on a model which is designed to predict the relative accessibility of thirty-nine cities within the network.     

中国传统村落研究的热点动向与文献计量学分析

将CNKI数据库1992~2017年中CSSCI、核心期刊、CSCD作为数据基础,借助信息可视化软件Citespace对中国传统村落研究的知识图谱结构进行可视化分析。研究结果显示:(1)在期刊发文量方面,建筑学和规划学期刊暂时领先,地理期刊紧随其后,地理核心期刊中《经济地理》发文量最多;(2)发文作者方面,团队相互之间合作紧密度不强,团队影响力也有待提升;(3)核心关键词方面,以传统村落为基础上向保护、发展、影响因素等方面继续拓展延伸;(4)传统村落空间形态、社会文化、生态环境是主要研究内容,3者之间呈现不断递进又相互交融的关系;(5)传统村落研究方法是定性分析与定量评价相结合,以定性分析为主,定量评价为辅。传统村落在地理学领域的研究已经形成基础,今后需要更多的理论借鉴和技术支撑。     

MUSLIMS,HINDUS, AND SIKHS IN THE NEW RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ENGLAND*

ABSTRACT. This article examines the dramatic changes brought to English townscapes by Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism. These “new” religions have arrived with the large‐scale immigration and subsequent natural growth of the minority ethnic populations of Great Britain since the 1950s. The article traces the growth and distribution of these populations and religions, as well as the development of their places of worship from front‐room prayer rooms to cathedral‐scale buildings. It explores the way in which the British planning process, dedicated to preserving the traditional, has engaged with the exotic.     

山东临朐、昌乐地区晚第三纪火山地貌

山东临朐、昌乐地区是渤海盆地南缘,郯庐断裂带中段西侧晚第三纪火山地貌集中分布的地区之一。本文对区内火山地貌类型和地貌发育过程作了重点探讨。     

山东临朐、昌乐地区晚第三纪火山地貌

山东临朐、昌乐地区是渤海盆地南缘,郯庐断裂带中段西侧晚第三纪火山地貌集中分布的地区之一。本文对区内火山地貌类型和地貌发育过程作了重点探讨。     

城市中心商业区内部功能与步行街

本文研究城市中心商业区商务，居住，交通等内部功能方面的问题，并提出有关在中心商业区设置步行街的一些见解。     

COSTS AND BENEFITS OF POLLUTION CONTROL IN PENNSYLVANIA,NEW YORK,AND NEW JERSEY, 1840–1906

ABSTRACT. Judges in Pennsylvania saw the costs and benefits of protecting people from industrial pollution quite differently from judges in New York and New Jersey between 1840 and 1906. Not only did they invoke balancing doctrine more than did judges in New York and New Jersey; but when costs and benefits were considered, Pennsylvania judges almost always concluded that the price of pollution abatement was too high to justify enjoining polluting industries. New York and New Jersey judges commonly did the reverse, acknowledging great social value and little cost to making businesses alleviate pollution. Judicial interpretation of the notions of cost and benefit mirrored the political, economic, and social conditions in each state, conditions that differed across time and place.     

中国城市化进程中基础设施建设和管理的问题与对策探讨

城市基础设施是城市赖以生存和发展的基础，是既为物质生产又为人民生活提供一般条件的公共设施。城市基础设施可以推动城市化进程，同时城市化也可以影响城市基础设施的发展。在阐明城市化进程和城市基础设施关系的基础上，分析了中国城市化进程中城市基础设施建设和管理的现状，并探讨了其存在的诸多问题，认为建立多元化的投融资格局、改革政府投资的决策和管理方式、积极推进城市基础设施行业的国有企业产权转换和机制转换将是中国城市化进程中优化城市基础设施建设和管理的必要举措。     

试论中西地理思想的差异及中国古代地理学的特点

中国古代有独持的地理学的理论与成就,西方科学家称之为“东方文化生态”。其中,”天人合一”的地理观;天、地、生、人各系统之间的整体、有机观体现了中国古代地理学的特点。深入发掘中国古代的地理学思想,对当今建立开放、复杂的地理巨系统有现实意义。