通窍健步汤合尼莫地平片治疗轻中度脑梗死后血管性痴呆40例

目的：观察通窍健步汤合尼莫地平片治疗轻中度气血亏虚、瘀血阻络型脑梗死后血管性痴呆（VaD）的临床疗效。方法：将80 例轻中度气血亏虚、瘀血阻络型VaD患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40 例。对照组用尼莫地平片治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加通窍健步汤治疗。治疗3个月后,分别以简易精神状况检查表（MMSE）、日常生活活动能力（ADL）量表及Blessed行为量表评估患者的认知能力、日常生活能力和行为能力,并监测安全性指标。结果：总有效率治疗组为87.5%（35/40）,高于对照组的72.5%（29/40）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。2组MMSE量表、ADL量表及Blessed行为量表评分均较治疗前改善（P＜ 0.01）,且治疗组改善程度优于对照组（P＜ 0.05或P＜ 0.01）。2组治疗过程中相关安全性指标较治疗前均未发生明显变化,且未见任何不良反应。结论：通窍健步汤合尼莫地平片治疗轻中度脑梗死后VaD气血亏虚、瘀血阻络证患者疗效颇佳,且无不良反应。     

强骨颗粒对骨质疏松大鼠血清MTL、GAS 表达的影响

目的：探讨强骨颗粒对骨质疏松大鼠血清胃动力（MTL）、胃泌素（GAS）表达的影响。方法：建立36只骨质疏松大鼠模型,将其随机分为对照组、假手术组、模型组、强骨颗粒组、骨疏康颗粒组和尼尔雌醇片组,每组各6只。强骨颗粒组予以强骨颗粒灌胃;对照组、假手术组和模型组分别予等剂量0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,骨疏康颗粒组和尼尔雌醇片组分别给予等剂量的骨疏康颗粒和尼尔雌醇片灌胃。灌胃13周后,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组大鼠血清MTL、GAS 的含量。结果：大鼠MTL、GAS含量,模型组与假手术组比较,强骨颗粒组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但骨疏康颗粒组、尼尔雌醇片组与模型组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：强骨颗粒可促进骨质疏松大鼠血清MTL、GAS 的表达,改善骨质疏松。     

益气养阴明目汤对实验大鼠眼组织中自由基相关指标及ET含量的影响

目的：观察益气养阴明目汤对脾肾两虚型大鼠眼视网膜组织中SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）、CAT（过氧化氢酶）、MDA（丙二醛）、NO（一氧化氮）及ET（内皮素）表达的影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠60只（21～32个月龄）随机分为3组：蒸馏水组、对照组（石斛夜光丸）、治疗组（益气养阴明目汤）,每组20只制备成脾肾两虚型模型,灌胃治疗30d。检测大鼠视网膜组织中SOD、CAT、MDA、NO表达水平及眼眶血中ET的含量。结果：治疗组及对照组SOD、CAT含量明显高于蒸馏水组,MDA含量明显低于蒸馏水组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;治疗组NO含量明显高于蒸馏水组及对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,而对照组与蒸馏水组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;3组ET含量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：益气养阴明目汤可提高脾肾两虚型大鼠眼视网膜组织中SOD、CAT及NO的含量,降低MDA含量,可调节大鼠血管内皮功能,促使内皮细胞释放舒血管物质,从而达到扩张血管,改善微循环的作用。     

硬通道微创穿刺配合通窍健步汤治疗慢性硬膜下血肿30例

目的：探讨硬通道微创穿刺配合通窍健步汤治疗慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）的临床疗效。方法：将60 例CSDH患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各30 例。对照组采用硬通道微创穿刺治疗，治疗组在对照组的基础上加用通窍健步汤治疗。比较2组综合疗效及日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分。结果：总有效率治疗组为100.00%（30/30），对照组为83.33%（25/30），2组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组ADL评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：硬通道微创穿刺配合通窍健步汤治疗CSDH，能有效改善患者临床症状，提高日常生活能力。     

川芎对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用研究

目的：研究川芎对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠抗衰老的作用机制。方法：将50只小鼠随机分为正常对照组10只和造模组40只,采用颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖溶液的方法建立小鼠衰老模型,再将其分为衰老模型组及川芎低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。药物干预50 d后检测小鼠脑组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）、单胺氧化酶（MAO）。结果：与正常对照组比较,衰老模型组脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px含量降低,MDA、MAO含量升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与衰老模型组比较,川芎低、中、高剂量组SOD、GSH-Px含量增加,MDA、MAO含量降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：川芎可增加脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px含量,降低MDA、MAO含量,具有良好的延缓衰老的作用。     

基于氧化应激探讨复方葶苈子汤降低COPD-PAH大鼠肺动脉压的作用机制

目的：观察复方葶苈子汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）相关性肺动脉高压（PAH）大鼠模型氧化应激的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用随机数字表法将50只SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组及中药低、中、高剂量组。除正常组以外,其余各组大鼠均采用烟熏加气管滴注脂多糖构建COPD-PAH模型。造模后第2天开始灌胃干预,每天2次,连续2周,中药低、中、高剂量组灌胃剂量分别为2.50 g/kg、5.00 g/kg、10.00 g/kg,模型组灌胃0.9%氯化钠注射液10 ml/kg。观察大鼠的一般情况;测量大鼠的肺功能、平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）;HE染色观察其肺组织肺血管病理形态变化;检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力值、环磷酸腺苷（MDA）含量、cAMP含量,肺组织中泛素连接酶2（Siah2）mRNA的相对表达量;检测肺组织细胞中Siah2、A激酶锚定蛋白（Akap121）的蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组比较,中药各剂量组肺血管损伤重构减轻,mPAP下降（P<0.05）;大鼠血清中SOD活力值、MDA含量、cAMP含量、Siah2-RNA相对表达量,正常组与模型组、模型组与中药各剂量组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,中药各剂量组肺组织Siah2蛋白表达降低,AKAP-121蛋白表达上调,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：复方葶苈子汤可通过调控cAMP-Siah2-AKAP121通路来减少氧化应激对COPD-PAH大鼠的肺血管壁的损伤,降低肺动脉压。     

左归丸对去势大鼠血清基质金属蛋白酶的影响

目的：观察左归丸对去势大鼠血清中基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和基质金属蛋白酶-13（MMP-13）的影响,探讨左归丸抗骨质疏松的作用机制。方法：将48只6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为模型组、正常组、西药组、中药低剂量组、中药高剂量组和假手术组。除假手术组外,其余组均采用双侧切除大鼠卵巢的方法制备去势大鼠,造模后进行治疗干预,持续3个月。ELISA法检测血清中MMP-2、MMP-9和MMP-13的含量。结果：与假手术组相比,模型组血清中MMP-2、MMP-9和MMP-13含量均有不同程度的升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,西药组和中药高剂量组血清中MMP-2、MMP-9和MPP-13含量均有不同程度的下降(P<0.05)。结论：左归丸可通过降低去势大鼠血清中的MMP-2、MMP-9和MMP-13的含量,从而抑制骨细胞的功能活性,降低骨质的吸收破坏。     

巴戟天提取物对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的防治作用

目的：探讨巴戟天提取物对实验性骨质疏松症大鼠的影响。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组、模型对照组、阳性对照组及巴戟天提取物高、中、低剂量组,每组各10只。对除假手术组外的其余组大鼠通过手术摘除大鼠双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松症模型,造模后分别给予阳性药物碳酸钙D3颗粒0.5mg/kg,巴戟天提取物高、中、低剂量（0.36g/kg、0.18g/kg、0.09g/kg）干预,假手术组与模型对照组给予等体积蒸馏水,每天1次,共90d,剥离右侧股骨测量股骨中心骨密度与远心端骨密度;称量股骨重量,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定骨钙含量。结果：与假手术组比较,模型对照组大鼠骨密度、骨钙含量、血清雌二醇含量均显著降低,血清碱性磷酸酶含量显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;与模型对照组比较,巴戟天高剂量组大鼠骨密度及高、中剂量组大鼠骨钙含量、血清雌二醇含量均显著升高,碱性磷酸酶含量显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：巴戟天提取物能够有效阻止骨丢失,促进钙沉积,从而改善骨质疏松症,其作用机制可能与调节雌性激素水平有关。     

通窍活血汤对急性缺血性脑卒中患者氧化应激反应及脑血流的影响

目的：探讨通窍活血汤对急性缺血性脑卒中患者氧化应激反应及脑血流的影响。方法：选取104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,采用随机数表法分为2组,每组各52例。对照组采用阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用通窍活血汤治疗。比较2组治疗前后氧化应激反应指标［氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxLDL）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醇（MDA）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）］、脑血流动力学指标［双侧大脑动脉血流平均流速（Vm）、搏动指数（PI）、血管阻力指数（RI）及最大峰值流速（Vs）］。结果：2组治疗后oxLDL、SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、Vm、PI、RI及Vs均较治疗前改善,且治疗组oxLDL、MDA、PI及RI水平较对照组低,SOD、GSH-Px、Vm及Vs水平较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：通窍活血汤治疗急性缺血性脑卒中可有效改善患者氧化应激反应及脑血流。     

温肺降浊方调节Nogo-A、NgR表达对VaD大鼠神经元突触重塑的影响

目的：观察温肺降浊方对血管性痴呆（VaD）大鼠Nogo-A和NgR mRNA及其蛋白表达的影响。方法：将30只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、中药组,每组各10只。采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎方法制作VaD大鼠模型,造模成功后中药组予温肺降浊方灌胃,假手术组、模型组予以等量0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,疗程均为4周。采用Morris水迷宫行为学测试大鼠学习记忆能力;RT-PCR、Western blot检测各组大鼠Nogo-A和NgR mRNA及其蛋白表达水平,透射电镜观察神经元突触结构变化。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长、穿越平台次数减少（P<0.01或P<0.05）;海马中Nogo-A和NgR蛋白及mRNA表达增多（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,中药组逃避潜伏期缩短、穿越平台次数增加（P<0.05）;海马中Nogo-A和NgR mRNA及其蛋白减少（P<0.05）。海马神经元突触及细胞器完整、突触间隙及小泡正常。结论：温肺降浊方可改善VaD大鼠学习记忆能力,其机制可能与降低Nogo-A和NgR mRNA及蛋白表达含量,促进神经突触再生,改善海马突触可塑性有关。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.