鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中晚三叠世物源演变及其地质意义*

针对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中晚三叠世物源构成转化及盆山耦合机制不清的问题,选取了铜川地区金锁关剖面和周至柳叶河剖面的延长组砂岩为研究对象,运用岩石学、碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学的方法,探讨鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组的物源构成和变化,并探寻其构造耦合机制。结果表明,金锁关剖面上三叠统碎屑锆石可分为5个年龄段,分别是237-330 Ma、390-480 Ma、870-1230 Ma、1740-1980 Ma、2070-2732 Ma,中三叠统碎屑锆石共具有4个年龄段,分别是240-290 Ma、1760-1840 Ma、2250-2300 Ma、2350-2700 Ma;盆地南端柳叶河地区上三叠统碎屑锆石共具有5个年龄段,分别是244-310 Ma、360-600 Ma、800-1300 Ma、1700-2100 Ma和2450-2550 Ma。通过物源对比发现,中三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地南缘的物源来自于华北克拉通、兴蒙造山带和阿拉善地区,晚三叠世沉积砂体的物源来自华北克拉通、阿拉善、兴蒙造山带、西秦岭、北秦岭以及祁连造山带,且岩石学特征和源区构造背景的转变均支持这一认识。这种物源的转变,与中三叠世盆地南部秦岭造山带的活化以及盆地样式的转变有关。     

Tectonic evolution of the western Ordos Basin during the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic time as constrained by detrital zircon ages

ABSTRACT

The Ordos Basin has experienced a complicated tectonic evolution since the Palaeozoic. Its multi-stage evolution was closely related to the tectonic events that occurred along plate boundaries. The detrital zircon ages and crystallization age (CA)-deposition age (DA)/cumulative proportion curves obtained from Palaeozoic-Mesozoic strata from different tectonic units in and around the western Ordos Basin demonstrate that during the early Palaeozoic, the so-called Helan Aulacogen did not develop along the western Ordos Basin, the Alxa Block was an independent unit from the North China Craton, and the southern Ordos Basin was a foreland basin of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. During the early Palaeozoic, the western Ordos Basin and its vicinity belonged to three different tectonic units (i.e. the North China Craton, the Alxa Block, and the North Qilian Orogenic Belt). At the end of the early Palaeozoic, the Alxa Block amalgamated with the Ordos Basin. From the Silurian to the Middle Devonian, the southern Alxa Block was a foreland basin of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt and underwent regional extension during the Late Devonian. During the late Palaeozoic, the western Ordos Basin and its vicinities were located in a back-arc extensional setting of the western Qinling Orogenic Belt. The southern part of the western Ordos Basin may have been a retro-arc foreland basin of the western Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Late Triassic, and the northern part of the western Ordos Basin experienced large-scale left-lateral strike-slip at the same time. The CA-DA/cumulative proportion curves can adequately explain the evolution of the western Ordos Basin during the Palaeozoic; however, the settings indicated by the CA-DA/cumulative proportion curves in intraplate evolutions are different from those proposed in other studies, which may be due to the number and distribution of samples and rapid lateral changes in sedimentary facies.     

Detrital-zircon geochronology of the Jurassic coal-bearing strata in the western Ordos Basin,North China: Evidences for multi-cycle sedimentation

The western Ordos Basin(WOB), situated in a tectonic transition zone in the North China Craton, acts as an excellent example for studying the Mesozoic intraplate sedimentation and deformation in Asia. In this study, U-Pb ages for 1203 detrital zircons of 14 sandstone samples collected from 11 sections are presented to unravel the sediment source locations and paleogeographic environments of the Early-Middle Jurassic coal-bearing Yan'an Formation in the WOB. Data show that there are five prominent age groups in the detrital zircons of the Yan'an Formation, peaking at ca. 282 Ma, 426 Ma, 924 Ma, 1847 Ma, and2468 Ma. Samples from the northern, middle, and southern parts of the WOB contain these five age categories in various proportions. In the northern region, the Yan'an Formation exclusively contains Early Permian detrital zircons with a single age group peaking at 282 Ma, matching well with the crystallizing ages of the widespread Early Permian granites in the Yinshan Belt to the north and the Alxa Block to the northwest. While in the southern region, the Yan'an Formation mainly contains three groups of detrital zircons, with age peaks at 213 Ma, 426 Ma, and 924 Ma. These zircon ages resemble those of the igneous rocks in the Qilian-Qinling Orogenic Belt to the south-southwest. Samples in the middle region, characterized by a mixture age spectrum with peaks at 282 Ma, 426 Ma, 924 Ma, 1847 Ma and 2468 Ma, are previously thought to have mixed derivations from surrounding ranges. However, by referring to the detrital-zircon age compositions of the pre-Jurassic sedimentary successions and combining with paleontological and petrographic analysis, we firstly propose that the sediments of the Yan'an Formation in the middle region were partly recycled from the Triassic and Paleozoic sedimentary strata in the WOB.The occurrence of recycled sedimentation suggests that the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic intraplate compressional deformation was very intense in the WOB, especially for regions in front of the Qilian Orogenic Belt.     

河南南召盆地上三叠统碎屑岩地球化学特征及物源示踪

三叠纪是秦岭造山带全面碰撞造山的关键时期,随着扬子、秦岭和华北板块分别沿勉略、商丹缝合带的汇聚拼合, 秦岭造山带逐渐形成并从板块构造体制向陆内造山体制转化,同时强烈的造山作用控制着周缘盆地的形成与演化。文章通 过研究区的碎屑岩元素地球化学分析,对河南南召盆地上三叠统的物源区及构造背景特征进行探讨。结果表明,上三叠统 源岩成分主要为上地壳长英质火山岩;源岩经历了中等的化学风化强度,校正后CIA值指示其形成于温暖潮湿的气候和相 对较强的构造活动环境;太山庙组源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘,太子山组源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧 与被动大陆边缘。根据南召盆地近源沉积特征和秦岭造山带构造演化过程推断,秦岭造山带和华北南缘是南召盆地晚三叠 世的重要物源区,前期太山庙组物源主要由北秦岭隆升基底提供,后期太子山组物源可能来自南秦岭、北秦岭和华北南缘 沉积再循环。南召盆地上三叠统物源区的转变是晚三叠世秦岭造山带逆冲推覆作用逐渐增强的体现,对研究恢复秦岭构造 带造山隆升过程和周缘盆地盆山系统演化具有重要的意义。     

Jurassic detrital zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic geochronology of Luxi Uplift,eastern North China,and its provenance implications for tectonic–paleogeographic reconstruction

Relatively successive sequences of Late Mesozoic are preserved and exposed in Luxi Uplift (LU), eastern North China block (NCB), which is an important region to study the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern NCB. In this study, in situ U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic analyses on detrital zircons from the sandstones of Jurassic Fangzi and Santai Formations in LU combining the analysis of sandstone detrital modes were performed, with an aim to trace the Jurassic sediment provenances and the tectonic–paleogeographic configuration of eastern NCB. Three sandstone samples (one from Fangzi Formation and two from Santai Formation) have very similar U–Pb age spectrums which can be divided into three major groups: Phanerozoic (I), Paleoproterozoic (II), and Neoarchean (III). Detrital zircons of Group II and Group III broadly match the age spectra of the basement of NCC which exposed extensively in the northern part. No middle Neoproterozoic magmatic zircons or Triassic metamorphic zircons were found in this study, ruling out the clastic provenance transported from the Sulu orogen to LU. Dominant zircon populations of Group Iare Late Paleozoic (250–393 Ma) recording the corresponding magmatic activities which are not found both in LU and its peripheral tectonic terranes, but can be well compared with that of the northern NCB (NNCB) and the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt (XMOB). Furthermore, Hf isotope compositions of the Phanerozoic detrital zircons can be distinctly divided into two clusters with ε_Hf(t) values ranging from −1.0 to +12.7 and −21.9 to −3.0, respectively resemble those from the XMOB and NCB (mainly from NNCB). Sandstone detrital modes analysis indicates the provenance came from the areas that have been eroded deeply to expose the basement rocks which accords with the tectonic setting of the NNCB. This research proposes that an evident mountain or provenance region once increasingly developed along NNCB during Early to Late Jurassic (182–155 Ma) due to the continuous collision of the Siberia and North China–Mongolian plates, easily shed mass clastic materials southward into the inner NCB and became the major provenance of Jurassic sediments in LU.     

U–Pb dating of single detrital zircon grains from Mesozoic sandstone in the Beipiao Basin in the eastern Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt, China: provenance and correlation of tectonic evolution

Single grain U–Pb ages of sediments from the Beipiao Basin, Northeast China were conducted to determine the evolution of basin provenance. Zircons from a sandstone in the Upper Triassic Laohugou Formation yield a wide range of ages and, according to their U–Pb ages, fall into four groups: 209.3±4.0–304.2±4.9, 1565.5±71–2154±50, 2400±35–2499±9, 2512±11–2557±74 Ma. These ages indicate that the zircons were principally derived from Late Archean, Proterozoic and Late Paleozoic plutonic rocks. Intrusions in the Mongolian Accretion Belt and the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) were probably the main source of the sediments in the basin, but the easterly Liaodong Block also provided minor detrital material, with lower U–Pb ages, during the Late Triassic. Most of the U–Pb ages from zircons collected from a sandstone in the Lower Jurassic Beipiao Formation range from 194.3±2.9 to 233.8±4.2 Ma, reflecting the major sediment source during the Early Jurassic. Zircons derived from Late Indosinian plutonic rocks increased, which suggests that the detritus was supplied mainly from the interior of the Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt, especially from the Liaodong Block. Late Indosinian zircons (200–230 Ma) were eroded and deposited in the Lower Jurassic Beipiao Formation, and this implies that intensive tectonic activation and uplift of the Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt in the Mesozoic commenced in the Late Indosinian.     

东秦岭镇平县南湾组碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

东秦岭位于秦岭造山带与大别造山带的结合部位,其构造演化对于了解华北陆块与扬子陆块的碰撞拼合起着至关重要的作用;而南湾组是了解东秦岭构造过程的一个重要窗口,目前却少有关于其区域物质组成差异的研究.对东秦岭镇平县望火楼一带南湾组碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究.结果表明,锆石年龄峰值主要集中于2 757~2 500 Ma、2 500~2 400 Ma、2 150~1 800 Ma、1 800~1 700 Ma、1 520~1 165 Ma、1 100~1 000 Ma、1 000~880 Ma、840~630 Ma、550~471 Ma,原岩物质主要来源于华北陆块、北秦岭构造带和南秦岭构造带.对比镇平县南湾组、秦岭地区刘岭群、信阳地区南湾组及大别山造山带北侧佛子岭群的年龄峰值及物质组成,结果显示均存在一定的差异.因此,四者是否具有真正意义上的可对比性需要进一步研究.      

鄂尔多斯盆地庆阳地区晚三叠世延长期长8沉积期物源与沉积体系研究*

通过野外露头古流向实测,结合砂岩骨架矿物、重矿物组合特征,利用碎屑岩地球化学方法,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地庆阳地区晚三叠世延长期长8沉积期的物源。结果显示,研究区长8沉积期古水流主要为SW→NE方向,次为NW→SE、SE→NW方向;重矿物特征具有明显的分区性。长8油层组的REE配分型式为“右倾型”,δEu值平均0.67;其微量元素协变图特征与盆地西南缘陇西古陆中的陇山群基本一致。推测庆阳地区长8油层组母岩主要来自盆地西南缘陇西古陆中上元古—古生界、祁连造山带花岗岩类和秦岭造山带奥陶系—二叠系,源区母岩主要为变质岩和火成岩。通过野外露头资料,结合最新钻探成果,认为长8沉积期研究区主要为扇三角洲沉积体系,发育扇三角洲前缘亚相和(半)深湖亚相浊积扇,而扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道的砂体带,构成了研究区油气聚集的有利相带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上古生界碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部晚古生代山西组1段和下石盒子组8段碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结合周缘地层年龄结构和地质历史事件,进而追寻盆地沉积物物源,推断盆地与造山带的盆山耦合过程。研究表明105个岩浆成因的碎屑锆石可分为4个年龄组段:(1)260~340 Ma,占总数的21.9%,推断物源主要来自北秦岭和西秦岭构造带;(2)370~470 Ma,占总数的24.8%,反映物源主要来自北秦岭、西秦岭构造带和北祁连造山带;(3)1600~2000 Ma,占总数的32.4%,指示物源来自北秦岭造山带、北祁造山带和华北板块;(4)2300~2600 Ma,占总数的15.2%,物源分别来自华北板块基底结晶岩系、北祁连构造带、北秦岭构造带和西秦岭构造带。研究区总体上具有来自北秦岭造山带、西秦岭造山带、北祁连造山带、兴蒙造山带及华北板块基底五个物源区,其中兴蒙造山带、北秦岭造山带和北祁连造山带为主要物源区。古生代碎屑锆石年龄证实了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部奥陶纪被动大陆边缘形成,志留纪—泥盆纪转化为陆-陆碰撞造山带,石炭纪—二叠纪逐渐由造山带转化为沉积盆地。     

伊犁盆地南缘中-下侏罗统物源分析及其对南天山造山带演化的启示

伊犁盆地南缘中-下侏罗统碎屑岩的物源特征,可为南天山造山带的演化提供重要证据。对其碎屑岩锆石U-Pb定年研究结果表明,伊犁盆地南缘坎乡下侏罗统八道湾组砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄集中在290~260 Ma,而下侏罗统三工河组的碎屑锆石年龄集中在350~290 Ma和460~390 Ma,中侏罗统西山窑组的碎屑锆石年龄集中在370~320 Ma和450~390 Ma。所有测试样品中前寒武纪的年龄记录非常少。这些特征表明,伊犁盆地南缘中生代碎屑沉积物主要来自于伊犁-中天山地块南部。测试样品中几乎不存在晚二叠世-中三叠世的碎屑锆石,与南天山造山带的岩浆岩记录一致,暗示在晚二叠世-中三叠世南天山地区并没有发生强烈的与碰撞或后碰撞相关的岩浆活动。该结果不支持塔里木克拉通与伊犁-中天山地块在晚二叠世-中三叠世碰撞的观点。结合高压-超高压变质岩的数据和地层记录,认为塔里木克拉通与伊犁-中天山地块的碰撞发生在晚石炭世。同时,样品中最年轻锆石的年龄数据从早侏罗世到中侏罗世逐渐增大,显示了揭顶沉积的特点。对伊犁盆地南部中生代的锆石年龄数据与同时代南天山地区的锆石年龄数据进行综合对比表明在早-中侏罗世发生构造沉积夷平的特征。     

Decoding Provenance and Tectonothermal Events by Detrital Zircon Fission‐Track and U‐Pb Double Dating: A Case of the Southern Ordos Basin

Multi-dating on the same detrital grains allows for determining multiple different geo-thermochronological ages simultaneously and thus could provide more details about regional tectonics. In this paper, we carried out detrital zircon fission-track and U-Pb double dating on the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments from the southern Ordos Basin to decipher the tectonic information archived in the sediments of intracratonic basins. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages and fission-track ages, together with lag time analyses, indicate that the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments in the southern Ordos Basin are characterized by multiple provenances. The crystalline basement of the North China Craton (NCC) and recycled materials from pre-Permian sediments that were ultimately sourced from the basement of the NCC are the primary provenance, while the Permian magmatites in the northern margin of NCC and Early Paleozoic crystalline rocks in Qinling Orogenic Collage act as minor provenance. In addition, the detrital zircon fission-track age peaks reveal four major tectonothermal events, including the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic post-depositional tectonothermal event and three other tectonothermal events associated with source terrains. The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (225–179 Ma) tectonothermal event was closely related to the upwelling of deep material and energy beneath the southwestern Ordos Basin due to the coeval northward subduction of the Yangze Block and the following collision of the Yangze Block and the NCC. The Mid-Late Permian (275–263 Ma) tectonothermal event was associated with coeval denudation in the northern part of the NCC and North Qinling terrane, resulting from the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean toward the NCC. The Late Devonian-early Late Carboniferous (348±33 Ma) tectonothermal event corresponded the long-term denudation in the hinterland and periphery of the NCC because of the arc-continent collisions in the northern and southern margins of the NCC. The Late Neoproterozoic (813–565 Ma) tectonothermal event was associated with formation of the Great Unconformity within the NCC and may be causally related to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup driven by a large-scale mantle upwelling.     

Sedimentary response to the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic

With the aim of constraining the influence of the surrounding plates on the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton (NCC), we undertook new U–Pb and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons obtained from ten samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments in the Luoyang Basin and Dengfeng area. Samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata were obtained from the Taiyuan, Xiashihezi, Shangshihezi, Shiqianfeng, Ermaying, Shangyoufangzhuang, Upper Jurassic unnamed, and Lower Cretaceous unnamed formations (from oldest to youngest). On the basis of the youngest zircon ages, combined with the age-diagnostic fossils, and volcanic interlayer, we propose that the Taiyuan Formation (youngest zircon age of 439 Ma) formed during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, the Xiashihezi Formation (276 Ma) during the Early Permian, the Shangshihezi (376 Ma) and Shiqianfeng (279 Ma) formations during the Middle–Late Permian, the Ermaying Group (232 Ma) and Shangyoufangzhuang Formation (230 and 210 Ma) during the Late Triassic, the Jurassic unnamed formation (154 Ma) during the Late Jurassic, and the Cretaceous unnamed formation (158 Ma) during the Early Cretaceous. These results, together with previously published data, indicate that: (1) Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones were sourced from the Northern Qinling Orogen (NQO); (2) Lower Permian sandstones were formed mainly from material derived from the Yinshan–Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB) on the northern margin of the NCC with only minor material from the NQO; (3) Middle–Upper Permian sandstones were derived primarily from the NQO, with only a small contribution from the YYOB; (4) Upper Triassic sandstones were sourced mainly from the YYOB and contain only minor amounts of material from the NQO; (5) Upper Jurassic sandstones were derived from material sourced from the NQO; and (6) Lower Cretaceous conglomerate was formed mainly from recycled earlier detritus.The provenance shift in the Upper Carboniferous–Mesozoic sediments within the study area indicates that the YYOB was strongly uplifted twice, first in relation to subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate beneath the northern margin of the NCC during the Early Permian, and subsequently in relation to collision between the southern Mongolian Plate and the northern margin of the NCC during the Late Triassic. The three episodes of tectonic uplift of the NQO were probably related to collision between the North and South Qinling terranes, northward subduction of the Mianlue Ocean Plate, and collision between the Yangtze Craton and the southern margin of the NCC during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, Middle–Late Permian, and Late Jurassic, respectively. The southern margin of the central NCC was rapidly uplifted and eroded during the Early Cretaceous.     

唐王陵砾岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造古地理意义

鄂尔多斯(地块)盆地南缘唐王陵砾岩的沉积时代长期存在晚前寒武纪(或震旦纪)与奥陶纪之争,沉积环境和物源组成也存在不同认识,是盆地南缘海相沉积地层及构造古地理研究关注的热点争议问题。本文采用碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究方法,综合分析探讨了唐王陵砾岩的沉积时代、物源组成及其构造古地理环境。结果表明:唐王陵砾岩自下而上三个组段的砂岩夹层样品、共计396颗碎屑锆石U-Pb谐和年龄数据主要分布在2531～2364Ma(n=25)、2120～1618Ma(n=268)、1230～940Ma(n=29)和905～744Ma(n=10)等四个年龄区间,相应的峰值年龄分别为2440Ma、1800Ma、1090Ma和810Ma,各组段样品单颗粒锆石最小年龄为829±11Ma、820±17Ma和744±8Ma。这一测年结果与盆地西南缘的震旦系正目观组和罗圈组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布基本相似,但明显缺少其近邻剖面奥陶系平凉组碎屑锆石接近454Ma的高频年龄组分,表明唐王陵砾岩的沉积时代更接近新元古代晚期或震旦纪。碎屑锆石年龄谱物源示踪与岩石地球化学、沉积建造特征等综合分析结果揭示,唐王陵砾岩沉积具有来自(华北)鄂尔多斯陆块与祁连-北秦岭(杂岩)地体的双向混合物源特征,总体属于含有多套滑塌和水下扇堆积的滨浅海相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积建造组合体,主体形成于鄂尔多斯地块南缘新元古代晚期的被动大陆边缘伸展断陷海盆环境。唐王陵砾岩碎屑锆石测年数据接近1. 09Ga和0. 81Ga的年轻峰值年龄组分,提供并支持祁连-北秦岭地区存在格林威尔期Rodinia大陆聚合-裂解相关的构造岩浆活动事件,指示(华北)鄂尔多斯陆块与北秦岭地体至少在唐王陵砾岩沉积之前的格林威尔期曾经历过拼贴聚合-陆缘增生作用;随后受Rodinia大陆裂解事件的影响,鄂尔多斯地块南缘拼贴增生型大陆边缘发育形成了包括唐王陵砾岩在内的新元古代晚期陆缘滨浅海滑塌-碎屑流沉积。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区下石盒子组多物源体系:来自矿物学及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界砂岩碎屑组分、岩屑类型和重矿物组合具有明显的东西分带性,但是其物源来源及差异性尚不明确.利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区下石盒子组碎屑锆石年龄分布及变化特征进行了研究,明确了不同年龄组分碎屑锆石的来源,并分析了不同物源体系及差异性.结果表明:不同地区下石...     

内蒙古阿巴嘎地幔岩捕掳体与岩石圈地幔性质探讨

阿巴嘎地区新生代地幔捕掳体岩性主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,矿物组成有橄榄石(Fo89-91)、单斜辉石(Wo43-49En44-49Fs3-11)、斜方辉石(Wo0.7-2.2En88-91Fs8-11)和铬尖晶石(Cr6#-20)。橄榄岩结构以碎斑结构为主,除此还可见海绵边结构、重结晶结构、粗粒结构和变晶结构,部分橄榄石发育膝折带和伊丁石化现象,这些特征暗示该区地幔经历了较强烈的熔体-岩石圈相互作用和复杂的演化过程。大地构造位置上,阿巴嘎与大兴安岭哈拉哈河-绰尔河及五大连池-科洛同处在兴蒙造山带上,但阿巴嘎表现出与华北克拉通西部北缘相似的热状态及饱满型-过渡型的岩石圈地幔性质,区别于大兴安岭中部具有古老残留的岩石圈地幔,暗示着兴蒙造山带之下的岩石圈地幔存在时空上的不均一性。而这种大尺度岩石圈地幔的不均一性可能与软流圈-岩石圈相互作用程度、上地幔复杂的地质演化及兴蒙造山带内部不同块体的活动强度、时间等性质有关。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段凝灰岩形成时代、物质来源及其意义

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段优质烃源岩以含众多凝灰岩夹层为显著特点,其中长7段底部长7₃层凝灰岩最为发育。凝灰岩的形成时代及火山物质来源,对探讨延长期湖盆优质烃源岩形成、富烃凹陷发育及周邻同期构造-岩浆事件等均具有重要的意义。本文以盆地南部铜川何家坊剖面长7₃层凝灰岩夹层为重点研究对象,利用岩石薄片、扫描电镜及主微量元素等方法,明确了该区凝灰岩岩石学和地球化学特征;同时对凝灰岩夹层及其间的砂岩层开展了锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明该区凝灰岩蚀变强烈,但仍具凝灰岩结构及中酸性火山岩特点;获得的两个凝灰岩样品主组分加权平均年龄分别是（226.5±1.6）Ma（n=24）和（229.7±2.2）Ma（n=21）,同期砂岩碎屑锆石最年轻组分为235~243 Ma（n=7,加权平均年龄239.3 Ma）。结合前人研究成果,综合认为长7₃层凝灰岩形成年龄约在230 Ma±,代表了长7期开始的时间,也是延长期湖盆进入鼎盛发育和盆地坳陷型富烃凹陷形成的时期。依据延长期凝灰岩特征,盆地腹地及秦岭造山带构造-岩浆活动事件,指出延长组长7期凝灰岩的火山物质主要来自秦岭造山带,与勉略洋壳向南秦岭板块下俯冲形成的岛弧火山等联系密切,并将秦岭造山带与延长期湖盆之间的耦合响应过程划分为3个阶段。本文对重新认识鄂尔多斯盆地发育演化过程及长7期湖盆属性具有重要的指示意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地二叠纪石盒子组沉积期南部沉积边界探讨

为了确定石盒子组沉积期鄂尔多斯盆地的南部边界,在大量野外露头观测及实验测试基础上,通过岩石学对比及物 源综合分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘和北秦岭地区石盒子组物源区的构造属性进行了研究,并对物源区进行了分析与对比。 研究结果表明:所研究两个地区的石盒子组的岩屑组成相似,均以浅变质岩、花岗岩为主,含少量构造岩;砂岩碎屑成分 相似,都与来源于再循环造山带源区中的碰撞造山带与前陆隆起物源区相关;并且在 SiO2/Al2O3-K2O/Na2O 和 K2O/Na2O-SiO2 及 Zr-Th,La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10 构造环境判别图解中两研究区物源区的构造环境基本一致,F1-F2 判别图显示物源区一致, 并且稀土元素配分模式相似。北秦岭元古界的变质岩、岩浆岩及其以南地区的再循环造山带中的低级变质的沉积岩可能为 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘和北秦岭地区石盒子组砂岩碎屑的主要风化母岩。结合构造环境分析认为,在石盒子组沉积期,鄂尔多 斯盆地的南部边界可能已经越过洛南断裂,达到北秦岭及其更南的区域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南南召地区中生代以来的构造演化研究——来自低温热年代学的证据

有关鄂尔多斯三叠纪原型盆地的东南向展布情况不是非常明确,之前有研究表明其东南缘可能位于南召地区,对该区构造演化过程开展研究,可为鄂尔多斯三叠纪原型盆地研究提供重要信息。因此,为了研究南召地区中生代以来的构造演化史及其与鄂尔多斯盆地之间的关系,本文对研究区3条野外剖面上3件三叠系样品开展锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹研究。其锆石裂变径迹年龄为270±15～181±8Ma,与地层年龄相近或大于地层年龄,不能很好地反映地层经历的构造改造时限,可能更多地代表了物源区的信息。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为57±3～47±5Ma,结合裂变径迹年龄和热史模拟,本文认为南召地区自三叠纪以来经历了4期较大规模的构造改造,早期是三叠纪末遭受了秦岭造山带强烈逆冲推覆对本区的影响;中期是中晚侏罗世到晚白垩世初;晚期是晚白垩世;末期是喜马拉雅期,4期构造改造均与秦岭造山带的构造演化息息相关。此外,通过与鄂尔多斯盆地周缘地区展开对比,发现二者构造演化过程具有相似的时限性,从构造演化的角度支持南召地区属于鄂尔多斯原型盆地的观点。     

Constraints on the paleogeographic evolution of the North China Craton during the Late Triassic–Jurassic

This paper reports U–Pb–Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from Late Triassic–Jurassic sediments in the Ordos, Ningwu, and Jiyuan basins in the western-central North China Craton (NCC), with the aim of constraining the paleogeographic evolution of the NCC during the Late Triassic–Jurassic. The early Late Triassic samples have three groups of detrital zircons (238–363 Ma, 1.5–2.1 Ga, and 2.2–2.6 Ga), while the latest Late Triassic and Jurassic samples contain four groups of detrital zircons (154–397 Ma, 414–511 Ma, 1.6–2.0 Ga, and 2.2–2.6 Ga). The Precambrian zircons in the Late Triassic–Jurassic samples were sourced from the basement rocks and pre-Late Triassic sediments in the NCC. But the initial source for the 238–363 Ma zircons in the early Late Triassic samples is the Yinshan–Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB), consistent with their negative zircon ε_Hf(t) values (−24 to −2). For the latest Late Triassic and Jurassic samples, the initial source for the 414–511 Ma zircons with ε_Hf(t) values of −18 to +9 is the Northern Qinling Orogen (NQO), and that for the 154–397 Ma zircons with ε_Hf(t) values of −25 to +12 is the YYOB and the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). In combination with previous data of late Paleozoic–Early Triassic sediments in the western-central NCC and Permian–Jurassic sediments in the eastern NCC, this study reveals two shifts in detrital source from the late Paleozoic to Jurassic. In the Late Permian–Early Triassic, the western-central NCC received detritus from the YYOB, southeastern CAOB and NQO. However, in the early Late Triassic, detritus from the CAOB and NQO were sparse in basins located in the western-central NCC, especially in the Yan’an area of the Ordos Basin. We interpret such a shift of detrital source as result of the uplift of the eastern NCC in the Late Triassic. In the latest Late Triassic–Jurassic, the southeastern CAOB and the NQO restarted to be source regions for basins in the western-central NCC, as well as for basins in the eastern NCC. The second shift in detrital source suggests elevation of the orogens surrounding the NCC and subsidence of the eastern NCC in the Jurassic, arguing against the presence of a paleo-plateau in the eastern NCC at that time. It would be subsidence rather than elevation of the eastern NCC in the Jurassic, due to roll-back of the subducted paleo-Pacific plate and consequent upwelling of asthenospheric mantle.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘晚三叠世早期物源组成

利用碎屑锆石LA?ICP?MS U?Pb测年方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部贺兰山炭井沟、插旗沟和中部磁窑堡3个地区晚三叠世早期的物源进行分析。结果表明:研究区部分碎屑锆石阴极发光（CL）图像具有环带结构,大部分锆石Th/U值大于0.4,极少部分小于0.1,表明锆石来源以岩浆为主,变质为次。3个地区锆石年龄分布均有三组年龄峰值:古元古代早期—新太古代（2 204.3~2 610.1 Ma）、古元古代（1 667~2 171.8 Ma）和晚古生代（245.1~322.6 Ma）,这3组年龄分别与新太古代末华北克拉通化的基本完成、古元古代晚期华北克拉通三大陆块（阴山陆块、鄂尔多斯陆块和东部陆块）之间的相互碰撞拼合以及晚古生代古亚洲洋向华北板块俯冲而形成的构造岩浆事件相对应。结合锆石年龄对比和岩相古地理分析得知,鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘晚三叠世早期物源来自北部和西北部地区,主要为古元古代孔兹岩带和阿拉善地块的变质岩和岩浆岩,其次为华北板块西部基底的岩浆岩和阿拉善地块海西期的岩浆岩。