内蒙古北山马山花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对内蒙古北山南带东段的马山花岗岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,结果表明,马山花岗岩以花岗闪长岩为主,偏铝质-过铝质,中钾钙碱性特征,具有较高的SiO_2(64.85%~79.17%)、Na_2O+K_2O(5.13%~6.62%),富钠(Na_2O/K_2O1);在球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,配分曲线相对平缓,富集轻稀土元素,重稀土元素分馏不明显且相对亏损,δEu=0.65~0.91,具有弱Eu负异常;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti,富集Rb、Th、U、K。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,马山花岗岩体的侵位年龄为281.8±3.2Ma。结合区域地质背景,认为马山花岗岩体是壳幔混合成因的,形成于早二叠世后碰撞伸展体制之下,北山南带于早二叠世晚期进入后碰撞裂谷伸展发育阶段。     

南天山东段乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩位于南天山造山带东段,其对于研究古生代南天山洋盆的闭合时限及南天山造山带构造演化具有重要意义。本文对南天山东段乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩进行了锆石 U- Pb 年代学、岩石地球化学研究。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,2个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄为291.2±2.9 Ma和284.9±3.7 Ma,表明乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩形成于早二叠世。地球化学特征表明,乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩具有高硅,富含铝和碱,而钙、镁、铁、钛和磷含量低的特点,属于高钾钙碱性 I 型花岗岩;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P、Ti）,具有中等的负铕异常（δEu = 0. 27～0. 87）,且Sr、Ba也显示明显的亏损特征。乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境,表明至少在早二叠世,南天山洋盆东段已经闭合,南天山造山带在早二叠世由同碰撞构造环境向后碰撞构造环境演化。     

南天山东段乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩位于南天山造山带东段,其对于研究古生代南天山洋盆的闭合时限及南天山造山带构造演化具有重要意义。本文对南天山东段乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩进行了锆石 U- Pb 年代学、岩石地球化学研究。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,2个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄为291.2±2.9 Ma和284.9±3.7 Ma,表明乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩形成于早二叠世。地球化学特征表明,乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩具有高硅,富含铝和碱,而钙、镁、铁、钛和磷含量低的特点,属于高钾钙碱性 I 型花岗岩;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P、Ti）,具有中等的负铕异常（δEu = 0. 27～0. 87）,且Sr、Ba也显示明显的亏损特征。乌祖尔恩布拉格花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境,表明至少在早二叠世,南天山洋盆东段已经闭合,南天山造山带在早二叠世由同碰撞构造环境向后碰撞构造环境演化。     

湖南南岳岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

提要：分布于湖南衡山的南岳岩体,侵位于新元古代冷家溪群中,为复式岩体。通过锆石U-Pb年龄测定,其锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（215.5±1.5）Ma,主体形成于晚三叠世;其中部分小岩体形成于早白垩世,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（140.6±0.8）Ma。晚三叠世花岗岩由三个岩石单元组成,第一期细中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、第二期中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、第三期二云母二长花岗岩;早白垩世花岗岩为二云母二长花岗岩。晚三叠世花岗岩属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;早白垩世花岗岩属强过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;∑REE中等（92.88×10^-6~296.56×10^-6）,Eu均为弱负异常(δEu=0.28~0.87),其中早白垩世花岗岩Eu亏损更大;ISr值较大（0.7093~0.7189）;低εNd（-8.04~-11.38）, 高T2DM（1.63 ~1.90 Ga）。综合研究表明,南岳花岗岩石为壳源含白云母过铝花岗岩类（MPG）,为华南前寒武系基底重熔而成,晚三叠世花岗岩有少量下地壳或地幔物质加入;其形成的构造背景应为碰撞造山作用晚期或结束时期,是陆内碰撞造山作用增温减压体制下的产物。     

羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩地球化学特征及构造意义

羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩作为裂谷演化最后阶段的喷发产物,其成岩年龄和地球化学特征为裂谷的关闭时间和二叠纪构造演化提供了重要约束.在剖面地质调查基础上,对那益雄组玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及全岩分析测试,结果显示:那益雄组玄武岩锆石U-Pb年龄为257.2±2.9 Ma,形成于晚二叠世;该玄武岩属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列,轻微富集Ta元素而轻微亏损Nb元素,是软流圈地幔物质上涌与岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物,形成于裂谷关闭碰撞后的伸展背景.羌塘地块东部二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学数据显示,早二叠世-晚二叠世玄武岩具有由OIB型玄武岩向火山弧型玄武岩过渡的演化趋势,表明羌塘地块东部板内裂谷在早二叠世打开,中二叠世进入裂谷演化阶段,于晚二叠世关闭.      

内蒙古干劲山地区二长花岗岩年代学及地球化学特征研究

通过对内蒙古额济纳旗干劲山地区二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征研究,探讨了其侵入年代与构造背景。二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U- Pb加权平均年龄为(276.63±0.84)Ma, 属早二叠世。岩石地球化学研究显示二长花岗岩A/CNK值为0.97~1.15,里特曼指数(σ值)为1.64~1.96,属准铝质—过铝质钙碱性系列花岗岩。岩石富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和Th、U、Zr等高场强元素。稀土元素特征为轻稀土富集, 轻、重稀土分异不明显, 轻稀土发生了较明显的分馏作用,铕负异常较明显。岩体为同造山“I”型花岗岩,其构造背景为陆缘弧,是干劲山地区晚华力西期造山运动的产物,红石山—路井裂谷带在晚古生代的拼合时间被限定到早二叠世晚期之后。     

内蒙古锡林浩特北早二叠世花岗岩类定年及成因

内蒙古锡林浩特北部朝克乌拉山附近分布有早二叠世花岗岩类,可作为兴蒙造山带东部构造-岩浆活动的研究载体。本文通过对花岗岩类进行岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学的研究,讨论其岩石成因、构造环境。早二叠世侵入岩岩性主要为正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、正长斑岩。地球化学上,岩石具有高硅、富碱、贫钙、贫镁的特点,属于偏铝—过铝质碱性花岗岩。轻重稀土元素存在一定程度的分馏,总体表现出轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损,具有明显的负Eu异常,Rb、Th、K、La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Hf、Sm元素明显富集,Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素显著亏损。岩石的锆石饱和温度为802℃,具有低Sr高Yb特征,指示岩体形成于高温低压环境,结合岩石地球化学表明岩体属于铝质A型花岗岩,其源岩与岛弧岩浆作用有关。锆石U-Pb测年结果为(275.6±1.3) Ma(正长花岗岩)、(274.2±1.4)Ma(正长斑岩),表明岩体形成时代为早二叠世晚期。结合区域上阿木山组中安山岩夹层的锆石U-Pb年龄,古生物、花岗岩证据表明晚石炭世至早二叠世晚期,贺根山洋闭合并完成了板块碰撞挤压到碰撞伸展的转换。     

西昆仑精尼克盖曼南岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

精尼克盖曼南岩体岩性为中细粒二长花岗岩,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(516.5±0.8)Ma,时代为早寒武世;岩石属于钙碱性系列准铝-过铝质花岗岩;轻稀土元素较为富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有明显的负Eu异常;岩石相对富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti和HREE等高场强元素;为下地壳火成岩熔融形成。结合锆石定年结果及岩体产出的区域地质背景,研究认为精尼克盖曼南岩体是在后碰撞伸展拉张型裂谷环境下的产物;在早寒武世西昆仑造山带处于后碰撞伸展拉张背景。     

华北克拉通北缘中段赤峰撰山子矿区石炭纪-二叠纪侵入岩年代学和地球化学:对古亚洲洋构造演化的制约SCIEI北大核心CSCD

本文对华北克拉通北缘中段赤峰撰山子矿区二长闪长岩、花岗(斑)岩等进行了岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年以及Hf同位素研究,以期对古亚洲洋演化形成制约。锆石U-Pb定年显示,二长闪长岩和花岗岩形成于早石炭世(341.0±2.2Ma、324.1±4.3Ma),花岗斑岩形成于晚二叠世(252.8±3.2Ma、252.0±1.5Ma)。岩石地球化学及Hf同位素表明,二长闪长岩为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,形成于火山弧环境,其源区可能是俯冲板片脱水交代的地幔楔部分熔融产生玄武质岩浆上涌,导致新生地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分玄武质岩浆加入形成的产物;花岗岩及花岗斑岩均为高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,花岗岩形成于火山弧环境,花岗斑岩形成于造山后伸展环境,二者皆为新生地壳部分熔融的产物。综合前人研究认为,早石炭世-晚二叠世,研究区经历了古亚洲洋俯冲、弧-陆碰撞以及造山后伸展等阶段。     

阿尔泰南缘杰尔库都克酸性岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年

野外地质调查发现在阿尔泰造山带南缘杰尔库都克地区,额尔齐斯断裂以南发育一套酸性岩脉。岩脉主要侵位于石炭系火山-沉积地层中,岩石主要为流纹斑岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,酸性岩脉形成于（279±3）Ma的早二叠世。岩脉是岩石圈(地壳)伸展的重要标志,该年龄的获得为阿尔泰造山带南缘早二叠世岩石圈伸展提供了重要证据。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.