耗能减震技术在抗震加固工程中的简化设计

介绍了阻尼器型屈曲约束支撑和阻尼器型屈曲约束钢板墙这两种耗能减震技术的简化设计方法,并通过这种简化设计方法使阻尼器型屈曲约束支撑这种耗能减震技术在抗震加固工程中的得到了应用,从案例分析结果看,这种耗能减震技术简化设计方法为结构抗震设计提供了可靠、便利的设计依据,是一种合理有效的抗震途径或结构振动控制技术手段,可应用于抗震加固工程的设计理论和分析。     

结构附加粘滞阻尼器的抗震设计

本文结合抗震设计规范反应谱,给出了一个附加非线性流体粘滞阻尼器结构的抗震设计方法。研究了非线性阻尼器的力学特性,引入了非线性流体阻尼器的等效线性阻尼比,给出了计算最大加速度时刻附加非线性流体阻尼器结构反应的荷载组合系数,提出了按阻尼力的水平力分量与楼层剪力成正比的原则分配阻尼器阻尼系数的方法。同时给出了基于抗震规范设计反应谱附加非线性阻尼器结构的设计流程,通过一个算例说明了使用该方法设计附加非线性粘滞阻尼器结构的全过程。算例分析表明,这种设计方法适合于手算,便于设计人员掌握,在初步设计阶段可以快速、有效地设计满足给定性能水平的附加非线性流体阻尼器体系。     

附加黏滞阻尼器结构简化分析方法

介绍了FEMA273给出的传统结构线性静力分析方法,并用该法分析附加粘滞流体阻尼器结构,给出了附加粘滞流体阻尼器结构抗震性能评估的具体分析方法.为了验证所提方法的精确性,对设计好的附加黏滞阻尼器结构进行了非线性动力分析,动力分析使用的人工波加速度反应谱形状与设计消能结构时使用的设计反应谱相匹配.实例分析结果表明,该方法能快速、有效地评估附加流体阻尼器结构在大震作用下的抗震性能,特别是在消能结构初步设计和分析阶段.     

基于耗能连梁钢板阻尼器的高层结构耗能减振分析及应用

为改善传统连梁钢板阻尼器的适用性,提出了一种新型耗能连梁钢板阻尼器的设计方法,通过对阻尼器工作区域的划分与设计,使新型阻尼器充分发挥耗能作用,有效地提高了结构整体耗能能力。基于有限元软件ABAQUS模拟低周反复荷载作用下墙肢与阻尼器的应力应变状态,以验证所提出的新型阻尼器的设计方法及端部嵌固区的可靠性,并通过对原结构和实施耗能连梁钢板阻尼器结构进行弹塑性时程分析,探讨其改进后的抗震性能。研究结果表明,新型嵌固区构造不仅能够保证阻尼器与墙肢协同工作良好,还能大大降低施工难度;通过实施该阻尼器,可形成耗能连梁及抗震多道防线,在连梁钢筋混凝土部分损伤较为严重的情况下,仍能保证连梁具有一定的延性和耗能能力。     

粘滞阻尼减震结构抗震可靠度简化分析

通过设置粘滞阻尼器减小结构的地震反应是一种有效的被动控制方式,为与现行抗震设计水平相适应,减震结构和控制装置的设计也应该以可靠度为基础。本文结合粘滞阻尼减震结构的受力特性建立了此类耗能减震结构动力可靠度分析的实用简化计算方法。首先通过等价线性化方法,给出了层间三线型恢复力模型的等效平均刚度,粘滞阻尼器采用等效线性化的力学模型,建立了安装粘滞阻尼减震结构的等效线性随机分析模型。然后采用随机状态空间方法进行了粘滞阻尼减震结构的地震反应分析,基于层间变形失效准则和首次超越理论分析了粘滞阻尼减震结构的可靠度,并以粘滞流体阻尼器的变形超过其自身极限变形作为阻尼器的失效模式,讨论了粘滞阻尼器可靠度的计算。最后通过一个设置粘滞流体阻尼器的框架结构计算实例,说明了这种方法的运用。该方法可以作为一种实用的方法对振动控制结构在不同破坏状态下的抗震可靠度进行分析,为基于性能的抗震设计和优化提供参考。     

耗能结构抗震优化设计

在结构能量分析的基础上,综合考虑层间位移、加速度及阻尼耗能比等抗震指标,分别采用串行优化和一体化优化方法对建筑结构自身构件尺寸及黏滞阻尼器布置和参数进行了同步优化设计研究。结果表明:通过设置黏滞阻尼器来提高建筑结构抗震性能效果十分明显,引入能量指标可以减小设计结果对地震动的敏感性;两种优化方法对阻尼器和结构优化均能取得好的效果,一体化优化效果整体优于串行优化。     

新型压电摩擦阻尼器力学性能及应用分析

为了使结构在地震过程中能有效地抗震耗能,提出了一种新型的半主动压电摩擦阻尼器。对压电陶瓷的电压-位移关系进行了理论和试验分析。详细介绍了新设计的压电摩擦阻尼器的构造和工作原理。测试和分析了压电摩擦阻尼器在不同预压力和不同工作压电陶瓷数量下的出力性能和阻尼器的摩擦系数。论述了适用于该阻尼器的模糊控制理论并建立了模糊控策略。最后基于所设计的压电摩擦阻尼器和所形成的模糊控制策略,利用MATLAB软件对一个拟进行振动台试验的输变电塔模型进行了模拟,得到了输变电塔模型在无阻尼器和有阻尼器两种情况下的顶层位移和加速度时程曲线,并对其进行了对比分析。结果表明,所研发的新型压电摩擦阻尼器具有良好的出力性能,使结构能有效地抗御地震灾害。     

被动及半主动摩擦阻尼器对合肥悲翠电视塔地震反应的 …

摩擦阻尼器是一种构造的耗能减振装置,已应用于国内外多座新建建筑的抗震设计和已建建筑的抗震加固。半主动摩擦阻尼器则通过调整阻尼器的起滑力来改善被动摩擦阻尼器的耗能减振性能。本文研究了被动及半主动摩擦阻尼器对于高耸塔架结构地震反应的减振效果。为满足摩擦阻尼器对高耸塔架结构风振控制的特殊需要,本文建立了合肥电视塔的空间桁架有限元模型和串联多自由度体系模型,并在形成控制力变换矩阵和计算摩擦阻尼器两端的相对     

某教学楼框架结构的黏滞阻尼器减震加固设计

介绍了位于抗震设防烈度Ⅶ度区的某中学6层教学楼所采用的黏滞流体阻尼器的消能减震加固的计算和设计。该教学楼为现浇混凝土框架结构,考虑到其建筑使用功能和抗震要求,在1~6层优化布置了52套黏滞流体阻尼器,时程分析结果表明:黏滞流体阻尼器可大量耗散地震动能量,显著降低了结构的地震响应。     

附加黏滞阻尼器结构基于性能的抗震设计

基于改进的能力谱法,提出了一种附加黏滞阻尼器结构的抗震设计方法.首先利用改进的能力谱法评估待加固结构抗震性能,若不满足要求则用简单方法计算待加固结构满足给定性能目标所需的附加阻尼比.然后按文中提出的阻尼器阻尼系数3种分配方式,将所需的阻尼比分配于各个楼层.将所提方法应用于10层钢结构的设计,最后对初步设计的消能结构进行非线性动力时程分析,验证了所提方法的精确性.3种阻尼器分配模式下消能结构非线性时程分析结果表明,阻尼力正比于楼层剪力分配模式能取得最保守的设计结果,用改进的能力谱法设计的附加黏滞阻尼器结构能较好地满足给定的屋顶位移性能目标,基本满足层间位移角性能目标.     

Direct design method based on seismic capacity redundancy for structures with metal yielding dampers

In this study, a direct static design method for structures with metal yielding dampers is proposed based on a new design target called the seismic capacity redundancy indicator (SCRI). The proposed method is applicable to the design of elastic‐plastic damped structures by considering the influence of damper on different structural performance indicators separately without the need for iteration or nonlinear dynamic analysis. The SCRI—a quantitative measure of the seismic capacity redundancy—is defined as the ratio of the seismic demand required by the target performance limit to the design seismic demand. Changes in the structural SCRI are correlated with the parameters of the supplemental dampers so that the dampers can be directly designed according to a given target SCRI. The proposed method is illustrated through application to a 12‐story reinforced‐concrete frame, and increment dynamic analysis is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The seismic intensity corresponding to the target structural performance limit is regarded as a measure of the structural seismic capacity. The required seismic intensity increases after the structure is equipped with the designed metal yielding dampers according to the expected SCRI. It is concluded that the proposed method is easy to implement and feasible for performance‐based design of metal yielding dampers.     

台湾某钢框架大楼采用阻尼器补强结构减震效果评析

阻尼器是一种效果良好的减震装置,将阻尼器安装于结构中能够适时为结构体系提供阻尼力,从而减小地震作用对结构的破坏。黏滞阻尼器对振动的反应比较敏感,在结构受到较小振动时就可以发挥其减震效果,其阻尼力会随着振动周期和使用状态温度的不同而变化。当地震发生时,安装在结构中的阻尼器会消减地震作用,降低传导到主结构体系的地震能量,减小结构相对位移。本文介绍了黏滞阻尼器的工作原理和安装有黏滞阻尼器的结构体系的阻尼比的计算方法,对减震结构的减震效果的评析方法做出探讨,并以一安装有黏滞阻尼器的台湾某既有钢框架结构为例,分析了(1)该结构在遭受地震作用时的地震反应;(2)该结构体系在不同地震作用水平时的阻尼比,包括主体结构阻尼比和黏滞阻尼器阻尼比;(3)结构安装黏滞阻尼器后的减震效果。实例对本文的减震评析方法和减震效果进行了说明和分析,计算及分析结果表明利用黏滞阻尼器加固既有结构能够取得较好的减震效果,本文所提减震效果评析方法是一种实用有效的评析方法,对类似工程的减震评析具有一定的参考价值。     

Dynamic characteristics and seismic response of adjacent buildings linked by discrete dampers

Coupling adjacent buildings using discrete viscoelastic dampers for control of response to low and moderate seismic events is investigated in this paper. The complex modal superposition method is first used to determine dynamic characteristics, mainly modal damping ratio and modal frequency, of damper-linked linear adjacent buildings for practical use. Random seismic response of linear adjacent buildings linked by dampers is then determined by a combination of the complex modal superposition method and the pseudo-excitation method. This combined method can effectively and accurately determine random seismic response of non-classically damped systems in the frequency domain. Parametric studies are finally performed to identify optimal parameters of viscoelastic dampers for achieving the maximum modal damping ratio or the maximum response reduction of adjacent buildings. It is demonstrated that using discrete viscoelastic dampers of proper parameters to link adjacent buildings can reduce random seismic responses significantly. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

A method of calculating the non‐linear seismic response of a building braced with viscoelastic dampers

Buildings are continually subject to dynamic loads, such as wind load, seismic ground motion, and even the load from internal utility machines. The recent trend of constructing more flexible high‐rise buildings underscores the importance of including viscoelastic dampers in building designs. Viscoelastic dampers are used to control the dynamic response of a building. If the seismic design is based only on the linear response spectrum, considerable error may occur when calculating the seismic response of a building; rubber viscoelastic dampers show non‐linear hysteretic damping that is quite different from viscous damping. This study generated a non‐linear response spectrum using a non‐linear oscillator model to simulate a building with viscoelastic dampers installed. The parameters used in the non‐linear damper model were obtained experimentally from dynamic loading tests. The results show that viscoelastic dampers effectively reduce the seismic displacement response of a structure, but transmit more seismic force to the structure, which essentially increases its seismic acceleration response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Single- and multiple-tuned liquid column dampers for seismic applications

Design parameters for single- and multiple-tuned liquid column dampers for reducing the response of structures to seismic excitations are presented. A deterministic analysis is carried out using 72 earthquake ground motion records to determine the tuning ratio, tube width to liquid length ratio, and head loss coefficient corresponding to a given mass ratio for single-tuned liquid column dampers. A similar analysis is performed to determine the central tuning ratio, tuning bandwidth, and grouping of dampers for multiple-tuned liquid column dampers. The study indicates that by properly selecting the design parameters, single- and multiple-tuned liquid column dampers can reduce the response of structures to seismic excitation by up to 45 per cent. Design examples using single- and multiple-tuned liquid column dampers in a bridge and a ten-storey building are presented to illustrate how the parameters are selected and to demonstrate the performance of the devices under different ground excitations. The response of several structures with tuned liquid column dampers is compared with that using tuned mass dampers where it is shown that both devices result in comparable reductions in the response. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper was produced under the auspices of the U.S. Government and it is therefore not subject to copyright in the U.S.     

Reliability-based optimal design of nonlinear viscous dampers for the seismic protection of structural systems

Viscous dampers are widely employed for enhancing the seismic performance of structural systems, and their design is often carried out using simplified approaches to account for the uncertainty in the seismic input. This paper introduces a novel and rigorous approach that allows to explicitly consider the variability of the intensity and characteristics of the seismic input in designing the optimal viscous constant and velocity exponent of the dampers based on performance-based criteria. The optimal solution permits controlling the probability of structural failure, while minimizing the damper cost, related to the sum of the damper forces. The solution to the optimization problem is efficiently sought via the constrained optimization by linear approximation (COBYLA) method, while Subset simulation together with auxiliary response method are employed for the performance assessment at each iteration of the optimization process. A 3-storey steel moment-resisting building frame is considered to illustrate the application of the proposed design methodology and to evaluate and compare the performances that can be achieved with different damper nonlinearity levels. Comparisons are also made with the results obtained by applying simplifying approaches, often employed in design practice, as those aiming to minimize the sum of the viscous damping constant and/or considering a single hazard level for the performance assessment.     

The role of damping in seismic isolation

In the current code requirements for the design of base isolation systems for buildings located at near-fault sites, the design engineer is faced with very large design displacements for the isolators. To reduce these displacements, supplementary dampers are often prescribed. These dampers reduce displacements, but at the expense of significant increases in interstorey drifts and floor accelerations in the superstructure. An elementary analysis based on a simple model of an isolated structure is used to demonstrate this dilemma. The model is linear and is based on modal analysis, but includes the modal coupling terms caused by high levels of damping in the isolation system. The equations are solved by a method that avoids complex modal analysis. Estimates of the important response quantities are obtained by the response spectrum method. It is shown that as the damping in the isolation system increases, the contribution of the modal coupling terms due to isolator damping in response to the superstructure becomes the dominant term. The isolator displacement and structural base shear may be reduced, but the floor accelerations and interstorey drift are increased. The results show that the use of supplemental dampers in seismic isolation is a misplaced effort and alternative strategies to solve the problem are suggested. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The role of viscoelastic damping on retrofitting seismic performance of asymmetric reinforced concrete structures

The primary purpose of this research is to improve the seismic response of a complex asymmetric tall structure using viscoelastic(VE) dampers. Asymmetric structures have detrimental effects on the seismic performance because such structures create abrupt changes in the stiffness or strength that may lead to undesirable stress concentrations at weak locations. Structural control devices are one of the effective ways to reduce seismic impacts, particularly in asymmetric structures. For passive vibration control of structures, VE dampers are considered among the most preferred devices for energy dissipation. Therefore, in this research, VE dampers are implemented at strategic locations in a realistic case study structure to increase the level of distributed damping without occupying significant architectural space and reducing earthquake vibrations in terms of story displacements(drifts) and other design forces. It has been concluded that the seismic response of the considered structure retrofitted with supplemental VE dampers corresponded well in controlling the displacement demands. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that seismic response in terms of interstory drifts was effectively mitigated with supplemental damping when added up to a certain level. Exceeding the supplemental damping from this level did not contribute to additional mitigation of the seismic response of the considered structure. In addition, it was found that the supplemental damping increased the total acceleration of the considered structure at all floor levels, which indicates that for irregular tall structures of this type, VE dampers were only a good retrofitting measure for earthquake induced interstory deformations and their use may not be suitable for acceleration sensitive structures. Overall, the research findings demonstrate how seismic hazards to these types of structures can be reduced by introducing additional damping into the structure.     

Design of hysteretic dampers with optimal ductility for the transverse seismic control of cable‐stayed bridges

Cable‐stayed bridges require a careful consideration of the lateral force exerted by the deck on the towers under strong earthquakes. This work explores the seismic response of cable‐stayed bridges with yielding metallic dampers composed of triangular plates that connect the deck with the supports in the transverse direction. A design method based on an equivalent single‐degree of freedom approximation is proposed. This is proved valid for conventional cable‐stayed bridges with 200‐ and 400‐m main spans, but not 600 m. The height of the plates is chosen to (1) achieve a yielding capacity that limits the maximum force transmitted from the deck to the towers, and to (2) control the hysteretic energy that the dampers dissipate by defining their design ductility. In order to select the optimal ductility and the damper configuration, a multi‐objective response factor that accounts for the energy dissipation, peak damper displacement and low‐cycle fatigue is introduced. The design method is applied to cable‐stayed bridges with different spans and deck–support connections. The results show that the dissipation by plastic deformation in the dampers prevents significant damage in the towers of the short‐to‐medium‐span bridges under the extreme seismic actions. However, the transverse response of the towers in the bridge with a 600‐m main span is less sensitive to the dampers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.