上海市地脉动观测及其在场地卓越周期测试中的应用

主要介绍了利用地脉动观测点地表处水平和竖向分量频谱幅值比(H／V)来估算场地卓越周期的方法,以及地脉动观测在场地地震安全性评价中的应用,并给出了上海市浦东及浦西多个测点的实测计算结果。     

9度设防区场地脉动测试分析

为了了解9度设防区场地的动力特征,应用脉动法对四川省西昌市(9度设防)25处典型场地进行了脉动测试,并采用Nakamura方法对实测数据进行了处理,获得了该地区场地卓越周期的分布规律以及地基处理、断裂带、湖泊对场地动力特性的影响,为反应谱理论在9度设防区的应用提供了试验依据.测试结果表明:西昌市场地的卓越周期主要分布在...     

场地脉动卓越周期在工程抗震中的应用

根据工程项目场地地震安全性评价工作中所进行的场进脉动卓越周期试和剪切波速测试结果,以及地震反应分析计算结果的研究分析,根据现行工程抗震设计规范,将场地脉动卓越周期作为工程抗震中场地土类型,场地类别划分的参考标准,以及与工程场地震反应分析计算结果回归分析,结合场地地震危险性概率分析,估算场地地震动峰值加速度,应用于工程抗震设计中。     

场地的脉动评价

本文通过对基本烈度为7°的西宁市地震小区划实际资料的分析及与钻孔剖面等对比,发现地面脉动功率谱与地面运动水平峰值加速度、地面运动反应谱均有较好的对应性。从一定意义上讲,地面脉动能更直接地反映出一定场地条件下第四系复盖层的工程地质性质,所以可作为一种既简便又经济的工程场地评价方法,与其他方法配合使用。     

论地脉动场地动力特性分析中的Nakamura方法

地脉动工程应用中的Ｎａｋａｍｕｒａ方法即用测点地脉动的水平分量与竖向分量谱比确定场地动力特性的方法,近年来成为工程场地动力特性分析中的研究热点。本文详细阐述了导出这一方法的试验依据和过程,并指出了其中存在的问题。     

利用地脉动对新疆地震烈度速报台网子台场地的分类分析

对新疆烈度速报台网子台的地脉动进行了测试分析,对照新疆烈度速报台网子台的钻孔资料、等效剪切波速并结合新疆的区域地质构造特征,得到新疆强震动烈度速报台网10个台站的场地类别。同时认为对个别判定指标临近划分标准分界线的台站的分类工作还需进一步研究。     

安宁河及邛海周边地区地脉动特征分析

根据地脉动测试获得的安宁河和邛海周边地区45个场点的地脉动数据,采用谱分析方法对所测得的数据进行处理。结合场地条件对地脉动谱曲线进行分析总结,得到了该区地脉动频谱特性,给出了不同场地条件下的场地地脉动卓越周期建议值,所得结果可以为西昌市防震减灾规划提供场地背景资料和分析依据,也可为西昌市以后的工程场地选址、场地类别划分和结构抗震设计等提供参考。     

场地周期的确定方法综述

场地周期作为场地固有特性是评价场地条件的重要参数。本文在详细阐述场地周期基本概念的基础上将其区分为场地卓越周期和场地基本周期,并详细分析总结了这两种周期的不同确定方法。场地卓越周期是地震波在场地中传播幅值被明显放大频带对应的周期,主要是是利用地脉动或强震动记录通过频谱分析得出的,给出的是场地周期的范围,有时根据频谱曲线会无法识别场地卓越周期。场地基本周期是将场地假定为覆盖在均匀、各向同性线弹性基岩半空间上的水平成层均匀、各项同性的线弹性土层场地,无阻尼的情况下第一振型对应的周期。通过场地的物理参数(剪切波速或剪切模量,土层厚度和质量密度等)计算得出,计算方法包括解析法、数值法和简化法,实际应用中经常采用的方法是简化法。一般地,两种方法的确定结果不尽相同,在场地不太厚,场地土不太软的情况下,二者的确定结果相近。     

利用地脉动进行场地反应分析研究综述

介绍了应用地脉动进行场地反应分析的几种主要方法,概述了应用地脉动进行场地反应分析的现状,分析了各种方法的适用条件及存在的问题,针对其中的某些问题提出了可能的解决方法。     

工程场地条件评定中的地脉动研究

为了研究开发更经济，更简便的场地动务特性探测方法，本文简要地回顾了工程场地条件评定中地脉动研究的演进，概述了地脉动观测技术的发展，循着地脉动分析方法的演进历程，叙述了谱和谱比分析方法，利用地脉动频散曲线反演场地速度构造的研究，讨论了各种分析方法的依据和适用条件，指出了目前存在的问题，并探讨了可能的改进途径。     

工程场地动力特性分析的地脉动法

简要地回顾了地脉动研究的历史,综述了地脉动在场地动力分析中应用的四种主要分析方法：直接富氏谱法、相对参考点谱比法、单点地脉动谱比法和利用地脉动反演场地剪切波速法。介绍各种分析方法的理论依据和适用条件,侧重分析了各种方法中存在的问题,论述了地脉动的应用前景和进一步研究的内容。     

Estimation of damping ratio of soil sites using microtremor

It is widely known that the seismic response characteristics of a soil site depends heavily on several key dynamic properties of the soil stratum, such as predominant frequency and damping ratio. A widely used method for estimating the predominant frequency of a soil site by using microtremor records, proposed by Nakamura, is investigated to determine its effectiveness in estimating the damping ratio. The authors conducted some microtremor measurements of soil sites in Hong Kong and found that Nakamura’s method might also be used to estimate the damping ratio of a soil site. Damping ratio data from several typical soil sites were obtained from both Nakamura’s ratio curves using the half power point method and resonant column tests. Regression analysis indicates that there is a strong correlation between the damping ratios derived from these two different approaches. Supported by: Research project (PolyU 5076/97E), of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University     

Randomization test and its application

In this paper, one of the distribution-free tests — randomization test, is briefly described. It doesn’t need any distribution assumption and its related parameter estimation and is applicable to random and nonrandom sample. Then it is used to the test of migration of strong earthquakes on the Xianshuihe Fault Belt and “immunity” of large earthquakes in the large northern reigon of China. The test results show that there is 98.7% confidence degree for the migration of strong earthqueks on the Xianshuihe Fault Belt and “immunity” of earthqueks withM _S⩾8 toM _S⩾7 is significant in the large northern region of China. The obtained test results and the test method itself have certain application in the practice. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 484–489, 1993.     

Empirical evaluation of microtremor H/V spectral ratio

The objective of this work is to perform a purely empirical assessment of the actual capabilities of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique to provide reliable and relevant information concerning site conditions and/or site amplification. This objective has been tackled through the homogeneous (re)processing of a large volume of earthquakes and ambient noise data recorded by different research teams in more than 200 sites located mainly in Europe, but also in the Caribbean and in Tehran. The original recordings were first gathered in a specific database with information on both the sites and recorded events. Then, for all sites close to an instrumented reference, average site-to-reference spectral ratios (“spectral ratio method” (SSR)) were derived in a homogeneous way (window selection, smoothing, signal-to-noise ratio threshold, averaging), as well as H/V ratios (“HVSRE–RF”) on earthquake recordings. H/V ratios were also obtained from noise recordings at each site (either specific measurements, or extracted from pre- or post-event noise windows). The spectral curves resulting from these three techniques were estimated reliable for a subset of 104 sites, and were thus compared in terms of fundamental frequency, amplitude and amplification bandwidth, exhibiting agreements and disagreements, for which interpretations are looked for in relation with characteristics of site conditions. The first important result consists in the very good agreement between fundamental frequencies obtained with either technique, observed for 81% of the analyzed sites. A significant part of the disagreements correspond to thick, low frequency, continental sites where natural noise level is often very low and H/V noise ratios do not exhibit any clear peak. The second important result is the absence of correlation between H/V peak amplitude and the actual site amplification measured on site-to-reference spectral ratios. There are, however, two statistically significant results about the amplitude of the H/V curve: the peak amplitude may be considered as a lower bound estimate of the actual amplification indicated by SSR (it is smaller for 79% of the 104 investigated sites), and, from another point of view, the difference in amplitude exhibits a questioning correlation with the geometrical characteristics of the sediment/basement interface: large SSR/HV differences might thus help to detect the existence of significant 2D or 3D effects.     

台阵和噪声源分布对微动成像的影响及其在盐矿溶腔探测中的应用

随着节点地震仪的发展, 被动源地震成像方法在不同尺度的地下结构成像中得到了越来越广泛的应用.对于小尺度浅地表成像, 因高频噪声源时空分布不均, 一般采用基于台阵平均的方法, 即所谓的微动成像方法提取高频被动源面波频散数据, 但是不同类型的台阵一定程度上也会受到噪声源分布不均匀的影响.本文以水溶型盐矿溶腔探测为例, 通过实测数据较为系统地分析了不同台阵的响应函数及其对噪声源方向不均匀性的适应能力.研究发现, 当噪声源分布不均时, 三角形台阵可以获得更可靠的频散数据, 但对应的数据采集效率较低, 而其他类型的台阵虽然布设相对简便, 但是提取的相速度与真实速度存在较大的误差.当线性台阵和噪声源方位一致时, 可以提取与三角形台阵一致甚至更好的频散数据.在这个基础上, 我们分别采用三角形台阵和考虑噪声源的线性台阵在湘衡盐矿开展了两条剖面的数据采集, 并利用适应性更好的扩展空间自相关方法(ESPAC)计算面波频散数据.最后, 利用蒙特卡洛方法生成的随机初始模型进行了频散数据反演, 获得研究区600 m以浅的横波速度结构, 并刻画了盐溶腔的发育位置和空间分布形态.

     

武汉市主城规划区地震动参数小区划及其应用问题研究

本文以武汉市主城规划区地震动参数小区划（以下简称武汉市地震动参数小区划）工作为主线,研究了弱震区内潜在震源区划分和工程地质条件对峰值加速度的影响程度、软土地基反应谱特征与构造措施的选取,以及以小区划成果作为抗震设防标准在实际应用中所遇到的一些问题。     

Two-stage comprehensive evaluation of earthquake intensity and its application

Because earthquake intensity has strong fuzziness, it may be considered as a fuzzy subset of an intensity reference set. The methods of single-stage and two-stage multifactorial evaluation that are presented herein can be used to evaluate this intensity. The human responses and experiences that are often employed to rate earthquake intensity can be expressed concretely in mathematical form through the use of these methods. In addition, by using related membership levels in the fuzzy vector of intensity, a method has been developed to determine the values of the parameters used in structural aseismic design.     

地层测试评价仪(FET)及其在中国海域的应用

地层测试评价仪(Formation Evaluation Tool)是中海油田服务股份有限公司引进澳大利亚 CROCKER公司技术而自行开发、制造的新一代地层测试评价系统。该仪器已经在中国近海渤海、南海等海域取得了成功应用,其精确地层压力测试能帮助判断多套油水系统,尤其在一些薄层和边水油藏也取得了可靠的测压资料,很好的解决了油水、气水界面确定问题;此外在目的层取样时所具有的污染流体抽排和地层流体特性实时检测功能保证获取不受泥浆污染的真实地层流体样品,对确定流体性质和分析流体成分起到了重要作用。本文主要介绍地层测试评价仪(FET)的原理和用途,以及在中国海域的成功应用实例。     

The formation evaluation tool and its application in offshore China

The Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） introduced in the paper represents a new generation of formation evaluation systems developed and manufactured by China Oilfield Services Limited （COSL）, CNOOC, using a FET technology transfer from Crocker Research, Australia. The system has been applied successfully in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea. For instance, a multilayered oil and water system has been confirmed with the aid of accurate formation pressure tests, even in very thin beds and edge water reservoirs, overcoming the difficulty of determining this kind of oil-water and gas-water contacts. Moreover, the FET pumping and real-time fluid monitoring function allows acquiring a true sample of formation fluid unpolluted by drilling mud which plays an important role in determining the fluid properties of the target stratum and analyzing the fluid component. The principles and purpose of the Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） will be briefly introduced and successful examples of the application of the technology will be described in detail in this paper.     

地质雷达双域数据处理软件及其应用

美国影象有限公司（GeoImage, LLC）开发的“基特\|雷达” （Git\|Radar）软件，既可进行时间域的分析 ，又能直观地在深度域执行反射波振幅或能量的迭加分析.该软件包括一般的二维，三维等绘图支持，且自动化程度较高，普通技术人员经过简单培训即可操作使用.文中给出两个应用实例.