首饰工厂的贵金属损耗解析

在贵金属首饰的加工过程中难免会产生金属损耗,损耗率的高低在很大程度上决定企业的效益。为了有效地控制损耗率,首先要剖析加工过程中产生金属损耗的原因。通过深入调查首饰生产过程中金属的损耗情况发现,导致损耗的原因是多方面的,概括归结为3个主要方面,一是加工工艺方面的损耗,主要发生在熔炼、浇注、打磨、抛光等工序中;二是为了保证最低的成色要求而引起的金数亏欠;三是由于物料丢失或因偷窃而引起的损耗。解析金属损耗的原因,为首饰工厂建立可靠的物质管理制度、完善的废料回收系统以及严密的安防系统奠定基础。     

Flameless Atomic Absorption Determination of Gold and Palladium in Geological Reference Samples

Gold and palladium have been determined in 42 geological reference samples with graphite furnace AAS after aqua regia digestion and SnCl₂-Hg extraction. A brief discussion on the quality of these analyses also is presented.     

地质样品中贵金属元素的预处理方法研究进展

本文评述了近年来地质样品中贵金属元素分析预处理技术的研究现状和应用进展,对样品分解过程中常用的火试金法、碱熔融法、酸分解法以及样品分离富集过程中的吸附法、碲共沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法、蒸馏法、生物吸附法等手段进行了归纳总结,分析了各方法的特点与不足,展望了技术方法未来发展方向。分解方法中的火试金法经分析工作者不断探索及改进,已成为分解贵金属的最佳手段,但其仍存在试剂消耗量大、成本高、流程长等缺点;碱熔融法虽可分解几乎所有地质样品,但其处理后的溶液存在大量钠盐,需经进一步的纯化;酸分解法主要以高压密闭和卡洛斯管的消解方式为主,但受到样品性质的制约。而不同分离富集的手段都具有较强的针对性,如:吸附法多用于Au、Pt、Pd的富集,蒸馏法仅适用于Os、Ru的分析。由于贵金属元素具有颗粒效应强、赋存形式复杂多样以及超痕量等特殊性,需要针对样品的类型特点选择相适应的预处理方法。本文提出,应当在现有的贵金属分解方法基础上,结合当前新的实验设备及实验条件,寻求更加高效、快捷的分解技术,严格控制流程的本底及各个环节的污染问题,实现多技术、多方法联用,满足贵金属分析的要求。     

土壤样品中贵金属活动态提取技术

介绍了土壤样品中贵金属铂、钯、金的水提取态、黏土吸附态与可交换态、有机质结合态以及铁锰氧化物结合态等不同相态的提取方法与测定方法。方法检出限为铂0.03 ng/g,钯和金0.01 ng/g。实验了铂、钯、金活动态金属各种提取液介质中痕量贵金属的稳定性、固-液分离方法、提取温度的影响及提取液的处理方法。通过在南非隐伏铂钯矿或矿化区的试验,结果表明所圈定的异常与实际矿(化)体相符,为识别隐伏贵金属铂钯矿床提供了有效信息,对寻找隐伏矿床具有一定的指导意义。     

绿色地质勘查综合技术应用分析

绿色地质勘查是青海省乃至我国地质找矿发展的必然趋势。开展绿色地质勘查需要了解地质勘查工程影响生态环境的范围及形式,在此基础上综合多种先进的勘探技术手段,以最大程度降低扰动地表生态环境为基础满足预查、普查等阶段的地质找矿目的。其方法包括结合环保型冲洗液、浅层取样钻探、便携钻探设备浅孔钻探、重型钻探设备深部钻探与多向分支定向钻探取样方法等,并综合资料探索三维地质建模的方法开展绿色地质勘查。     

高精度测量岩石样品Ce同位素组成的TIMS方法

介绍了对岩石样品的Ce同位素组成进行高精度测量的TIMS方法.采用α-羟基异丁酸(α-HIBA) 离子交换法分离和纯化岩石样品中的La、Ce元素, Ce同位素组成和La、Ce含量测定在Triton热电离质谱仪上完成.质谱标样JMC304的138Ce/142Ce比值统计值为0.0225762±0.0000015, 与大部分文献值一致.应用该方法对USGS玄武岩标样BCR-2和峨眉山玄武岩EQB的138Ce/142Ce比值和La、Ce含量进行了分析, 其结果分别为: 0.0225572±0.0000010、25.2±0.3μg/g、55.8±0.9μg/g和0.0225755±0.0000003、54.2±0.4μg/g、117.4±1.3μg/g.BCR-2的La、Ce含量测定结果与其证书值在误差范围内一致, 其分析精度为0.001%~0.005%.所有样品的140Ce/142Ce比值测定结果统计值为7.9439±0.0002, 介于文献最低值7.941与最高值7.947之间, 可能代表了该比值的最佳估计值.      

利用基体改进效应—无火焰原子吸收测定矿石中微量镓

关于矿石中微量镓的测定方法,以前一般采用化学比色法或光谱法。比色法其灵敏度较高,但分析手续冗长,且取样量较多,不宜于一般单矿物中镓的测定。近年来,随着原子吸收光谱分析技术的发展,有关镓的火焰及无火焰的测定已有所报导,以萃取分离的方法,基本上解决了单矿物样少     

地质灾害危险性定量评估的综合因子分析法

在分析现有建设工程地质灾害危险性评估方法基础上,结合工程实例,以边坡稳定为研究对象,利用基于专家评判权重的综合因子分析方法进行地质灾害危险性的定量评估与预测,研究成果可为丰富地质灾害危险性定量评估实践提供借鉴。     

利用天然地质材料去除水中重金属的实验研究

该文在参考前人研究的基础上，通过实验将纯灰岩与砂子、碳质灰岩、角砾灰岩对重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、M的去除率进行对比，发现纯灰岩是一种更好的能够代替砂子用于水中重金属去除的低成本天然地质材料。     

北京市地质环境质量综合评价

本文选取山区泥石流、崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷等突发性地质灾害,以及平原区地面沉降、地裂缝和活动断裂等缓变性地质环境问题,作为北京市地质环境质量影响因素。从城市工程地质学观点出发,首先制定各单灾种危险性评价标准,再叠加各因素进行地质环境综合分区评价,将北京市地质环境质量划分为良好、较差和差区。并结合城市规划与防治措施,分析各区地质环境特征及功能规划,为北京市城市规划提供科学依据。     

近红外反射光谱学在岩石矿物研究中的应用——Ⅰ．快速测定地质样品中化合水

应用近红外反射光谱学方法无损快速测定了各种地质样品中化合水。使用偏最小二乘回归法，在近红外波长范围分离出与化合水含量有关的光谱信息。大多数地质样品的近红外反射光谱估算结果与重量法吻合。实验结果表明，近红外反射光谱学测定地质样品中化合水更简单、更容易。     

A Grey Fuzzy Comprehensive Model for Evaluation of Geological Structure Complexity

Several structure sets (faults and folds) are characterized by their self-similarity properties. Herein, we discuss the degrees of complexity of fractures by introducing the box-counting fractal dimension of faults as a key criterion to be used in comprehensive fuzzy analysis model for evaluation of the complexity of structures. Totally, eight criteria including density, intensity, length of faults, types and box-counting fractal dimension of faults, the intersection angle between faults and coal beds, gradient coefficients, dip angles of the coal beds, and variation coefficients of dip angles of the coal seams, were used for the evaluation purpose. The grey fuzzy comprehensive assessment model was used to rank the relative importance of these criteria. Scores indicating the complexity of structure were calculated on the base of criteria values and their weights for each sub-area of the study area in the Pansan (潘三) coal mine district in the southern Anhui (安徽) Province, China. The result on the calculated complexity of structure is useful for mining planning in the study area.     

Comprehensive Engineering Geological Analysis on Large-Scale Anti-dip Slopes: A Case Study of Changshanhao Opencast Gold Mine in China

Flexural toppling failure of large-scale anti-dip slopes constitutes a significantly rare phenomenon. With regard to the large-scale anti-dip slope instability at the southwest stope of Changshanhao Opencast Gold mine, in this work, a field engineering geological survey on the Changshanhao open stope was conducted, to investigate the structural plane features of the corresponding slope rock mass. Moreover, an equatorial horizon projection and strike rose diagram were utilized to determine the preferred structural plane of the joint fissures; the exposed rock mass integrity zoning of slope and the rock sample property testing on the main lithological compositions in the stope were also established. Based on the results of previous field investigations and indoor rock mechanics experiments, along with the occurrence conditions of stratigraphic structures unmasked by existing engineering geology borehole data, geographical explorations and mining engineering, the failure mode of southwest stope slopes were also determined. Finally, several suggestions were provided on the reinforcement and treatment of dangerous slopes within the ultimate mining boundary, consequently laying a foundation for sustainable safe mining.

     

Mineral Grains of Base and Precious Metals in the Surface Layer of Bottom Sediments in the Chukchi Sea

Data on electron microprobe X-ray analysis of mineral grains of base (Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Ni, Bi, and Mo) and precious metals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) detected for the first time in the sediments of the Chukchi Sea are presented. The peculiarities of the morphology and chemical composition of the grains are considered along with their sources and distribution in the sediments.     

Elemental Concentrations in Eight New United States Geological Survey Rock Standards: A Review*

Elemental composition data on BHVO-1, MAG-1, QLO-1, RGM-1, SCo-1, SDC-1, SGR-1 and STM-1 have been compiled from 80 journal papers and reports. Mean values with standard deviations are provided for 76 elements.     

地质工作在城市总体规划中的作用

地质工作是经济和社会发展的基础性、先行性工作。城市总体规划,是确定城市的性质、规模和发展目标的重要引领性规划。文章以北京市为例阐述了在城市总体规划编制及实施过程中,要注重发挥城市地质工作的基础支撑作用,以资源环境承载能力底线,合理确定城乡建设规模和开发强度。     

电热石墨管炉原子吸收法测定铝土矿中镓

铝土矿中镓的测定多沿用罗丹明B光度法,无火焰原子吸收法测定镓国内外也有一些资料报导,但都经萃取分离再用石墨管炉测定。 电热石墨管炉法测定镓,其中铝的干扰严重,资料[2]曾为此选用萃取法来消除影响。其它资料对一些干扰影响萃取法事先分离。我们分析的矿物是铝土矿,其中铝对镓测定的干扰是首先要解决的问题。我们反复试验,证明铝对镓用电热石墨管炉     

Determination of Gold in Twenty Geochemical Reference Samples by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

After acid digestion, gold is extracted with MIBK and determinated by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The results for six USGS reference samples and fourteen French geochemical standards are presented and discussed. The agreement with working values for these standards is in the range of pm 5%.     

x射线荧光光谱无标半定量分析稀土元素方法的改进

在Philips公司提供的x射线荧光光谱基本参数法半定量分析的SemIQ软件基础上引入重稀土元素的分析，用光谱纯的稀土氧化物与四硼酸锂熔融制备标样，重新建立一套半定量分析方法，使原软件不能分析的Dy、Ho、Er元素也可进行半定量分析，并提高了Eu、Gd、Tb、Tm、Yb、Lu元素分析的准确度。应用该方法进行了大量稀土样品的半定量分析，并与原软件方法对照，结果明显改善。