浅析对流层对GNSS基线解算的影响

对流层是影响GNSS信号传播的主要因素之一。利用中国境内及周边IGS站URUMLHAZ(乌鲁木齐-拉萨)、BJFS-PIMO(北京房山-菲律宾)的南北基线和URUM-BJFS(乌鲁木齐-北京房山)、BJFS-DAEJ(北京房山-韩国)的东西基线数据,分别计算其对流层改正前后基线长,总结改正前后基线变化规律,分析对流层改正时影响基线长波动的因素,对探究对流层对基线影响及改进GNSS定位精度具参考意义。     

微型激光测距与甚长基线干涉测量的天线旋转中心的直接解法

精确确定SLR (Satellite Laser Rainging)和VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) 天线的旋转中心是并址站归心基线测量的关键问题。本文利用两类约束条件建立旋转中心与观测标志之间的直接关系,第1类约束是SLR或VLBI上的观测标志绕其旋转轴旋转形成1个由平面和球面相割得到的平面圆,第2类约束是SLR或VLBI的旋转中心与其垂直轴旋转圆心在同一铅垂线上,与其水平轴旋转圆心在同一水平面上。根据这两类约束条件建立相应的条件方程,利用标志点观测值直接解算旋转中心的坐标及其协方差阵。利用我国2个GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) 与SLR或VLBI并址站的实测数据,求解了基于本文直接解法的空间归心基线。结果表明,与已有分步解的差值优于1mm。     

GNSS形变监测静态基线网中多基线联合解算两步法

GNSS(global navigation satellite system)静态基线网的解算方法通常采用单基线解算模式或多基线解算模式。这两种方法均有一定的局限性。本文综合两类方法的优点,提出了单基线和多基线联合解算模式的两步法。首先基于单基线模式利用多频率的载波相位观测值解算监测站间的双差整周模糊度,并使用严格的固定准则确定模糊度;然后利用多基线模式进行联合坐标和天顶对流层参数的估计,再结合最小二乘估计解算定位结果。选取国内某水电站静态形变监测数据为研究对象,进行基线解算方法测试和分析。实验结果表明多基线联合解算两步法在精度和可靠性上有较大优势,平面定位精度为亚毫米级,高程定位精度提高1～2倍;并可以明显改善基线网的解算速度,在高精度变形监测应用中具有可行性与通用性。     

“陆态网络”并址站归心基线精密解算及GNSS基准站数据处理

<正>国际地球参考框架ITRF的解算需要全球导航卫星系统GNSS、甚长基线干涉测量VLBI、人卫激光测距SLR和多普勒卫星定轨和无线电综合定位DORIS技术的观测数据,以及各种技术的并址站归心基线。为了精确确定并址站的空间归心基线及其协方差信息,本文研究了GNSS/VLBI/SLR并址站的解算理论与方法,解算出中国大陆构造环境监测网络CMONOC("陆态网络")7个并     

联合GNSS和SLR观测对地球自转参数的解算与分析

目的 选取不同数量的IGS站,分别利用GPS和GPS+GLONASS观测数据计算ERP参数,并将结果和IGS公布值进行比较,分析测站数量增加和加入GLONASS观测数据对解算ERP参数的影响。此外,还利用GLO-NASS卫星的全部卫星激光测距(SLR)数据进行ERP参数解算,并将SLR结果和GNSS解算结果联合计算ERP,结果表明,联合SLR可改善GNSS数据解算ERP参数及高频ERP参数的系统性误差影响和稳定性。     

基于Spark的GNSS网基线向量并行化处理

针对传统单机处理大规模复杂GNSS观测数据效率低的问题,引入了Spark大数据集群,利用子网划分思想并调用GAMIT软件对GNSS网基线向量进行解算,实现了并行化计算。实验结果表明,在保证解算精度与整体解算在同一量级上的同时,提高了执行效率,性能优于整体解算,较好地满足了大规模复杂GNSS数据处理需求。      

基于GAMIT对国家GNSS基准站进行的北斗基线解算分析

以国家GNSS站的多系统观测数据为研究对象,旨在以单系统解算为研究视角,通过GAMIT软件对BDS/GPS数据进行单系统解算的方法,力图为利用BDS/GPS做基线解算提供参照。实验结果表明,BDS基线解算的相对精度与GPS相当;单BDS数据解算的基线东西方向精度10～12 mm,较单GPS数据解算的基线东西方向精度低42%,高程方向的单BDS基线中误差25 mm,是单GPS基线高程方向中误差的2倍;而组合双系统解算能有效提升基线U方向的精度,提升1 cm左右。文中认为目前利用BDS进行基线解算的精度尚不与GPS精度相当,在利用北斗系统进行高精度定位中,还有许多问题值得探讨。     

BDS/GPS短基线解算的随机模型研究

针对BDS轨道高度存在差异进而影响短基线解算结果的问题,该文利用两组实测数据,研究BDS和BDS/GPS组合系统的短基线解算精度及可靠性,并探讨4种随机模型的性能。结果表明,BDS和BDS/GPS组合系统短基线解算精度能够达到厘米级,且模糊度解算的可靠性更高;4种随机模型性能相当,随着基线长度增加,MINQUE模型的优势降低;不同类型卫星轨道高度差异较大,高度角模型不适宜BDS和BDS/GPS组合系统短基线解算。     

基于移动GNSS基准站的点位坐标解算分析

移动GNSS基准站是外业测量中布设控制点的重要手段。本文系统地介绍了移动GNSS基准站的结构组成,并对移动基准站的解算模式以及解算过程中距离、观测时间等因素进行了外业实验与内业解算分析,基于GAMIT软件和移动站自带软件对点位解算精度进行了比较,通过实验发现移动GNSS基准站完全能够满足三级GNSS解算要求,布设灵活,是一种高效的替代连续运行基准站功能的作业模式。     

Global optimization of core station networks for space geodesy: application to the referencing of the SLR EOP with respect to ITRF

We apply global optimization in order to optimize the referencing (and consequently the stability) of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) with respect to ITRF2005. These EOP are derived at a daily sampling from SLR data, simultaneously with weekly station positions. The EOP referencing is carried out with minimum constraints applied weekly to the three rotations and over core station networks. Our approach is based on a multi objective genetic algorithm, a particular stochastic global optimization method, the reference system effects being the objectives to minimize. We thus use rigorous criteria for the optimal weekly core station selection. The results evidence an improvement of 10% of the stability for Polar Motion (PM) series in comparison to the results obtained with the network specially designed for EOP referencing by the Analysis Working Group of the International Laser Ranging Service. This improvement of nearly 25 μas represents 50% of the current precision of the IERS 05 C04 PM reference series. We also test the possibility of averaging the weekly networks provided by our algorithm (the Genetically Modified Networks—GMN) over the whole time period. Although the dynamical nature of the GMN is clearly a key point of their success, we can derive such a global mean core network, which could be useful for practical applications regarding EOP referencing. Using this latter core network moreover provides more stable EOP series than the conventional network does.     

局部区域数据纳入ITRF的新方法

在相同历元下,忽略速度和转换参数变率的影响,实现了坐标协方差阵的严密框架转换。通过这种方法,能够使局部区域数据不必重新处理就能纳入ITRF框架,方便利用国际上已有的数据成果。实例表明,使用该种方法,转换后的坐标偏差优于0.1 mm,完全能够满足框架之间转换的要求。     

改进的启发式分割算法在GNSS坐标时间序列阶跃探测中的应用

针对全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)基准站坐标时间序列中有色噪声影响测站运动参数估计精度的问题, 提出了一种以小波包变换为基础、利用信息熵理论剔除有色噪声的方法。首先, 以有色噪声中的闪烁噪声为例, 对包含闪烁噪声的仿真时间序列进行噪声估计, 检验闪烁噪声的估计精度。然后, 对仿真时间序列的残差序列分别进行离散小波变换和小波包变换, 利用信息熵理论剔除闪烁噪声, 并比较两种方法的去噪效果。最后, 采用KMIN站的坐标时间序列作为实测数据, 进一步验证小波包系数信息熵的去噪效果。实验结果表明, 利用小波包系数信息熵剔除的有色噪声与原有色噪声在频域以及时域均具有较好的一致性, 所提方法能够有效地剔除残差序列中的有色噪声, 仅余白噪声。     

改进的启发式分割算法在GNSS坐标时间序列阶跃探测中的应用

在启发式分割算法的基础上,引入z检验和标准正态均一性检验（standard normal homogeneity test,SNHT）,提出了一种新的阶跃探测法,并将其应用于20个陆态网（Crustal Movement Observation Network ofChina,CMONOC）和10个国际全球卫星导航系统服务（International Global Navigation Satellite System Ser-vice,IGS）参考站近5 a的坐标时间序列。结果显示,对于IGS站东（east,E）、北（north,N）、垂直（up,U）3个方向分量已知阶跃的平均准确探测率分别为68.5%、71.3%、64.8%,且利用阶跃点前后25 d初始拟合残差的平均值之差得到修复后的坐标时间序列保持了良好的连续性。基于剔除粗差后的坐标时间序列,利用坐标时间序列分析软件（coordinate time series analysis software,CATS）估计出的速度显示:对于由已知阶跃与改进算法探测出的阶跃历元的组合方式,所有测站E、N、U方向的估计速度与CMONOC官网发布的速度的平均偏差分别为2.86 mm/a、1.14 mm/a、2.31 mm/a,明显小于由已知阶跃和肉眼判断明显阶跃历元的组合方式获得的平均速度偏差。上述结果表明,改进的启发式分割算法可应用于坐标时间序列的阶跃探测。     

Impact of loading displacements on SLR-derived parameters and on the consistency between GNSS and SLR results

Displacements of the Earth’s surface caused by tidal and non-tidal loading forces are relevant in high-precision space geodesy. Some of the corrections are recommended by the international scientific community to be applied at the observation level, e.g., ocean tidal loading (OTL) and atmospheric tidal loading (ATL). Non-tidal displacement corrections are in general recommended not to be applied in the products of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, in particular atmospheric non-tidal loading (ANTL), oceanic and hydrological non-tidal corrections. We assess and compare the impact of OTL, ATL and ANTL on SLR-derived parameters by reprocessing 12 years of SLR data considering and ignoring individual corrections. We show that loading displacements have an influence not only on station long-term stability, but also on geocenter coordinates, Earth Rotation Parameters, and satellite orbits. Applying the loading corrections reduces the amplitudes of annual signals in the time series of geocenter and station coordinates. The general improvement of the SLR station 3D coordinate repeatability when applying OTL, ATL and ANTL corrections are 19.5 %, 0.2 % and 3.3 % respectively, w.r.t. the solutions without loading corrections. ANTL corrections play a crucial role in the combination of optical (SLR) and microwave (GNSS, VLBI, DORIS) space geodetic observation techniques, because of the so-called Blue-Sky effect: SLR measurements can be carried out only under cloudless sky conditions—typically during high air pressure conditions, when the Earth’s crust is deformed, whereas microwave observations are weather-independent. Thus, applying the loading corrections at the observation level improves SLR-derived products as well as the consistency with microwave-based results. We assess the Blue-Sky effect on SLR stations and the consistency improvement between GNSS and SLR solutions when ANTL corrections are included. The omission of ANTL corrections may lead to inconsistencies between SLR and GNSS solutions of up to 2.5 mm for inland stations. As a result, the estimated GNSS–SLR coordinate differences correspond better to the local ties at the co-located stations when applying ANTL corrections.     

虚拟卫星法在GNSS/INS组合导航中的应用

在GNSS/INS车载组合导航系统中,GNSS信号易受遮挡或干扰而失锁,造成组合导航精度有所降低.针对这种情况,将虚拟卫星法应用于GNSS/INS组合导航系统中.通过增加虚拟卫星,构造虚拟观测量,将实测观测量、虚拟观测量用于组合导航Kalman滤波器解算.试验结果表明,此方法能够有效地提高系统的可观测性和导航精度.     

Analysis of the EUREF-89 GPS data from the SLR/VLBI sites

In May 1989, the IAG Subcommission for the European Reference Frame organized a GPS measurement campaign, called EUREF-89, to establish a common European Reference Frame. During a 2-week period various types of GPS receivers were deployed at about 100 different locations in Europe, which included many national geodetic first order points and most of the well-known SLR and VLBI sites. In this study, the measurements from those SLR and VLBI sites, and three additional points in The Netherlands, have been analyzed adopting a fiducial network approach. In the first place, the study provided valuable experience in the use of the GIPSY software for the analysis of GPS data from large networks equipped with a mixture of receiver types. Furthermore, this analysis represents an independent check of the SLR/VLBI network, used as the reference frame for the official EUREF solution. Daily solutions of baselines up to 2500 km in length have been obtained with a repeatability of 0.5–2.0 parts in 10⁸, while the agreement with SLR results is at about the same level. The accuracy of the estimated coordinates is at a level of about 4.0 cm in the horizontal and 6.0 cm in the vertical direction. Of particular interest are the results for some baselines in Greece, which have also been measured by mobile SLR in the framework of the WEGENER/MEDLAS project. The GPS results seem to confirm the trends in the baseline length changes emerging from those SLR studies.     

用SLR数据导出的地心运动结果

在利用卫星激光测距(Satellite Laser Ranging，简称SLR)资料研究地心运动时，将抗差估计和方差分量估计引入列数据处理中，根据1996年1月至2000年12月的Lageos2观测数据，分别采用直接法和动力法，计算出了2组相对于ITRF2000参考框架原点的地心运动序列。对计算结果进行了分析，得出了地心运动的平均值、变化速率及其周年项、半年项的振幅和相位，并与其他采用SLR资料计算的结果进行了比较。通过比较和分析，发现地心运动存在着近周年和近半年的周期分量，但地心运动的长期变化并不明显。