大别山南麓阳逻组砾石层砾石形貌学研究

阳逻组砾石层分布于大别山南麓长江北岸地区,是长江中游地区一个重要的第四纪地层单位.其成因主要有两种观点:一种观点认为阳逻组砾石层为古长江冲积物,后期经过构造抬升而在长江北岸形成阶地;另一种观点认为其为大别山南麓河流冲积扇.砾石层中的砾石形貌记录了砾石的演化历史,对砾石进行形貌学研究可以用来进行古环境重建.文章选取武汉地...     

江汉平原下更新统

作者在江汉平原第四纪地质系统工作的基础上,首次建立了位于平原边缘地带的下更新统“卢演冲组”和“阳逻组”。卢演冲组和阳逻组分布另星,组成长江在本区内的第Ⅴ级或第Ⅳ级阶地。根据其岩性特征、地貌表现、成因组合、生物组合、成岩程度和构造关系,可以和新第三纪“拾回桥组”和“掇刀石组”区分,也能从广泛分布在湖北省内的多层砾石层中加以辨别。为恢复江汉平原早更新世古地理、尤其是长江的发育史以及解决第四纪下限提供了重要依据。     

长江中游阳逻砾石层沉积环境分析

本文在野外调查的基础上,选择典型剖面,通过剖面沉积学、岩相划分和粒度分析研究,对长江中游“阳逻砾石层”沉积环境进行了讨论。研究表明,阳逻砾石层的岩性主要砾石层夹砂层,由Gm,Sh和Sp沉积相类型组成;   大多数频率曲线图形态为双峰,且以不对称曲线为主;   概率累积曲线大都为上三段式,以滚动总体为主,约占50%～60%,斜率较大,在35°～45°;   悬浮总体约占20%～30%,斜率在 40°以上;   跳跃总体约占20%～30%,斜率较小,多在 10°～20°。跳跃总体和滚动总体之间均存在有混合带,分选性较差。综合分析认为,阳逻砾石层沉积环境为具有辫状河特点的河流沉积。根据电子自旋共振测年（ESR）得到阳逻砾石层的形成年龄为1.12～1.56MaB.P.,表明阳逻砾石层形成于第四纪早更新世。
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Sedimentology and tectonic implications of Cretaceous fan-delta conglomerates, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada

The Honna Formation, of Coniacian age, consists of several hundred metres of polymictic clast-supported conglomerate associated with sandstone and mudstone. Five conglomerate facies are recognized: ungraded beds; inverse graded beds; normal graded beds; inverse-to-normal graded beds; and parallel-stratified beds. These facies are interpreted as the deposits of subaqueous cohesionless debris flows and/or high-density turbidity currents. The depositional environment was a deep-water, gravelly fan that draped a fault-controlled, basin-margin slope. The fan is inferred to have passed upslope directly into an alluvial fan (unpreserved); hence, the name fan delta can be applied to the overall depositional system. This type of fan delta, of which the Brae oilfield in the North Sea is an example, is defined here as a deep-water fan delta. The lack of a shelf is in marked contrast to other types of fan delta. Three facies associations are recognized in the Honna Formation: subaqueous proximal-fan conglomerates, distal-fan turbiditic sandstones, and pro-fan/interfan mudstones with thin sandy turbidites. The proximal fan is envisaged as an unchannelled gravel belt with a downslope length of at least 20 km; such a long subaqueous gravel belt lacks a known modern analogue. The distal fan was an unchannelled sandy extension of the proximal gravel belt. It is postulated that the Honna Formation accumulated in a foreland basin which migrated westwards from the Coast Mountains where the Wrangellia-Alexander terrane was colliding with North America. In this model, the Honna fan delta was sourced by a (west-verging) thrust sheet whose sole-thrust was the Sandspit Fault immediately to the east. Deep-water fan deltas appear to develop preferentially when eustatic sea-level is relatively high, so that the‘feeder’ alluvial fan is small, and gravelly throughout. In petroleum exploration and field development, care should be taken to distinguish deep-water fan deltas from base-of-slope (canyon-fed) submarine fans, because the two systems differ significantly in terms of coarse-sediment distribution.     

Late Pleistocene and Holocene environmental changes in the coastal zone of northwestern Portugal

This paper examines the Quaternary changes in the coastal zone of northwestern Portugal through the relationship between sediments and landforms. By interpolating the available data from geomorphology, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology and geochronology, it was possible to reconstruct existing palaeoenvironments, the oldest of which date back to the last interglacial. The main landforms are a high and a low platform bounded by scarps. River sands and silty sediments formed in a lacustrine environment (Antas Formation, MIS 5) are associated with the high platform. Two deposits are associated with the low platform: the Cepães Formation (MIS 3) consisting of a lower set of river sand beds and an upper gravel beach bed, and the Aguçadoura Formation (MIS 1) consisting of Holocene lagoonal beds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广东河源盆地红层的初步研究

河源盆地红层厚达 5 0 0 0 m,依岩性特征自下而上划分为大凤组、主田组、浈水组、丹霞组和莘庄村组。前三组称南雄群 ,粗碎屑岩较发育 ,厚 16 0 0— 370 0 m。大凤组为紫红、暗紫红色砾岩 ,在盆地北部该组上部为细砾岩夹含砾砂岩 ,富产恐龙圆形蛋化石 ,厚 5 6 7m;主田组为紫红色含砾砂岩与不等粒砂岩互层夹细砾岩、砂质泥岩 ,富含灰质结核 ,产窃蛋龙、恐龙长形蛋、龟鳖类、腹足类和瓣鳃类化石 ,厚 90 0 m;浈水组沉积物又较粗 ,以细砾岩、含砾砂岩发育为主要特征 ,厚达 2 2 0 0 m。大凤组和主田组富含恐龙蛋化石 ,其面貌与南雄盆地相似 ,时代属晚白垩世无疑。丹霞组全为粗碎屑岩 ,为紫红色块状砾岩、砂砾岩 ,具丹霞地貌特征 ,厚 70 0 m,时代暂归晚白垩世—古新世。莘庄村组以红色细碎屑岩发育、富含灰质结核、下粗上细、上部红黑相间为主要特征 ,产介形虫、轮藻、腹足类、瓣鳃类化石 ,时代属古新世     

吕梁山地区新近纪晚期地层研究进展

通过对吕梁山西部保德和柳林两个典型剖面的研究,认为山西柳林卫家洼保德组剖面结构与保德剖面相同,完全可以对比。保德组下部的砂砾石确为水成堆积无疑,但是上部的棕红色黏土与棕黄色的钙质结核层越来越被广大学者认为是风尘堆积,中部则为下部水成堆积物与上部红黏土与钙质结核的过渡地段。《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》规定:组的含义在于岩性、岩相和变质程度的一致性,除去变质程度不说,保德组下部水成堆积物和上部风尘堆积根本不是同一相环境所能包含的岩石组合,因此不能用一个组来定义,应予解体。保德组下部的水成堆积物划为芦子沟组,相当于初始定义的"芦子沟系"或"芦子沟砾岩";保德组上部风尘堆积仍称之为保德组,相当于初始定义的保德红土;在这种划分下芦子沟组为不整合于前新生代基岩之上,整合伏于红黏土之下的山前冲积扇相堆积。保德组为整合于芦子沟组之上静乐组之下的所有风尘堆积。     

武汉地区1：5万区调第四系研究进展

武汉地区1：5万区域地质调查以第四系研究为重点,通过地面调查、物探、钻探等多种调查手段,尤其是通过钻孔和露头剖面测量,在原阳逻砾石层内部发现分布稳定的沉积间断界面,并以此将其分为两套明显差异的砾石组合,反映了物源区侵蚀作用的变化过程;发现武汉长江以南地区存在早更新世堆积,取得了较明确的时代依据,确定了其属山间近源带状洪...     

松辽盆地中部含油组合高精度层序地层格架分析

上白垩统青山口组、姚家组和嫩江组一段是松辽盆地最主要的含油层系,习惯上称之为中部含油组合。地震、测井、录井、岩芯及古生物资料综合研究表明,中部含油组合由超层序SSQq-qn的高水位时期和湖泊萎缩时期形成的青山口组二三段和SSQy-n的低水位时期和湖泊扩张时期形成的姚家组和嫩江组一段组成。中部含油组合内部的姚家组底界为超层序界面,其顶底分别为超层序SSQq-qn和SSQy-n的密集段。中央坳陷区中部含油组合发育的地层较全。青一段和泉头组四段顶部组成1个三级层序,包含2个四级层序;青二三段由3个三级层序构成,又可划分为5个四级层序;姚家组由2个三级层序组成,并分别对应1个四级层序;嫩江组一段相当于1个三级层序,其中可划分为3个四级层序。不同级别的层序在古生物、岩性—测井曲线和地震反射资料上都有特征的响应。     

成都平原东郊台地中更新统合江组沉积特征及工程地质意义

通过地层沉积序列、粒度特征、砾石特征综合分析认为,成都平原东郊台地中更新统合江组为河流相沉积,垂向上具有明显的"河流二元"结构特征,主要以细粒沉积物为主,底部砾石层多为中-粗砾,磨圆较好,具有定向性。该组可细分为河道、边滩、堤岸-河漫3种沉积微相类型,对应发育3种岩相类型。河道砾石岩相沿十陵镇-红河镇-大面镇一带呈北西-南东向展布,边滩砂坝岩相集中发育于大面镇-西河镇东侧古河道凹岸处,堤岸-漫滩粘土岩相广泛分布于研究区内。这3种岩相特性及分布对工程建设的影响存在差异:河道砾石层作为地下水储集层的同时,水溶蚀使其地层结构稳定性被破坏,影响工程稳固技术的选择;边滩砂坝分布较为集中,对区内工程建设影响面最小;堤岸-河漫粘土广泛分布,是一种分布稳定的软弱层,对地下水有一定的封闭效果,同时软弱层的特性使其降低了边坡、坝体的稳定性。