高分辨率遥感影像中提取特定地物的分区多阶段混合分类方法

遥感图像分类技术发展过程中出现了各种不同的分类方法,本文提出一种对分类过程控制和分类中间数据管理的综合分类方式,通过分类方法应用方式的改进用于提取局部的特定地物。应用多阶段循环分类过程,在一个阶段的分类中控制参与分类的像元范围,在一次分类中混合应用监督分类、非监督分类和区域生长分类法,以及各种分类后处理技术,目的在于综合应用目视解译、计算机自动分类等各种技术的优点,结合地物的光谱数据,用于局部区域的特定地物信息提取和分类。     

多源大数据支持的土地储备智能决策模型集研究

伴随着城镇化的快速推进,城乡建设用地资源日益紧张,但目前土地储备决策缺乏精准科学依据,无法有效地进行资源配置和宏观调控。针对此问题,本文深入剖析土地储备基本业务与决策环节,研究了一套面向土地储备的智能决策模型集,包括存量土地监测模型、收储成本预测模型、出让价格预测模型、储备平衡分析模型、相似地块分析模型、开发时序分析模型及病态地块识别模型,旨在将土地储备决策环节科学化、定量化和模型化,并重点为土地储备总量、效益、规模、结构、布局、时序的统筹安排提供建议。另外,该模型集具有体系化、高效灵活、智能化的特点,能够服务于储备业务全链条,满足即时决策应用需求和实现模型自主更新与进化,保证模型的时效性。最后,该模型集已经工程化应用于宁波市土地储备智能决策支持平台,实践验证了以上决策模型具有较高的准确度和实用性,表明模型集能够为土地储备的科学决策提供理论依据,有利于土地资源的集约利用和高效配置。     

改进多点灰色模型的研究及应用分析

针对传统多点灰色模型背景值求解方面存在的缺陷,采用自动寻优定权对背景值进行选择,使得实测值与拟合值的残差平方和最小,以提高多点灰色模型的预测精度。实例计算结果表明,与传统的多点灰色模型相比,背景值改进的多点灰色模型预测精度有很大的提高。     

全球多尺度空间数据模型研究

如何组织和管理分布式环境下全球海量(PB级以上)空间数据,进行全球多尺度空间剖分,建立高效的编码与索引机制,从而实现海量空间数据的高效调度与协同服务是网络3维虚拟地球平台中关键技术之一.对此,本文重点讨论了全球多尺度空间数据模型的建立,其核心是全球多尺度空间索引和多级金字塔模型的空间数据组织方法.最后基于开放式虚拟地球...     

基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存的备件管理决策

基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存理论,分析了备件需求与库存管理。提出了基于部件可靠度的动态需求模型;以部件的寿命服从指数分布为例,结合实际生产中备件的使用情况,通过确定备件储备的时间点,动态确定各周期备件的需求量。在确定备件动态需求量的基础上,采用多阶段动态库存理论确定了订货次数和每次订货数量,使库存量更符合实际和趋于合理。通过算例分析,给出了最小库存费用,表明基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存的备件管理具有一定的实际意义。     

一种基于决策者满意度的多属性决策方法

提出一种基于决策者满意度的多属性决策方法.分别给出构造定量指标的基于决策者满意度的满意度函数模型和定性指标的集对满意度函数模型.以某保险公司为例,对其分公司培训部培训绩效进行综合评价和结果分析,并讨论了该决策方法的优点.     

基于遥感多特征组合的冰川及其相关地表类型信息提取

冰川作为青藏高原的一种典型的地表覆盖类型,在高寒地区广泛分布,往往因为地形复杂,无法实地测绘。本文利用高分辨率遥感影像和高精度的DEM,在分析各种冰川类别的光谱、形状、空间关系、地形和气候等环境分布特征的基础上,综合和发展了现有的特征描述算法,建立了描述各种冰川类别特征的组合提取模型,运用面向对象的自动提取方法,对西部测图区青藏高原试验区进行了冰雪影像自动识别试验。试验结果表明,该方法是可行的,它对难以实地测量的冰雪信息引进了遥感自动提取方法,为研究冰川消融和气候变化拓展了研究思路。     

多交通模式下的小学教育资源空间可达性分析

基于可达性相关理论,运用两步移动搜索法以及基于Huff模型修正的三步移动搜索法,以宁波市原海曙区的小学为案例,分别在步行模式、公共交通模式以及驾车模式下对该区所有小学的教育资源可达性进行评价。研究表明:海曙区的教育资源高可达性区域主要分布在道路网络发达、学校规模较大以及公共交通网络发达地区,低可达性区域主要分布于边缘地区;不同交通方式下的可达性有明显差异,驾车出行方式可达性优于公共交通方式与步行方式;基于Huff模型修正的三步移动搜索法对步行模式下的可达性修正效果明显,对公共交通模式以及驾车模式的修正效果一般。基于分析结果,本文对促进海曙区教育资源的均衡发展提出了建议。     

基于多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型的西北农牧交错带土地利用优化配置

西北农牧交错带生态环境脆弱,区位特殊性和生态重要性使其在我国社会经济发展和生态环境保护方面具有重要战略意义。通过对该区域进行土地利用优化配置,使有限的土地资源支撑起生态环境保护和经济发展的重任是本文的出发点。多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型的应用可以从多方面（数量结构、空间布局、综合效益）完善土地利用优化配置,为土地利用优化配置提供更多的选择方案。本文选用多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型对该区域进行2025年的土地利用变化模拟,通过设置自然发展、生态保护优先、经济发展优先、生态-经济均衡4种情景,探讨了如何在兼顾生态环境保护与社会经济发展的情况下进行土地利用的优化配置。结果表明,基于生态-经济均衡情景下的优化方案,土地利用类型的数量结构和空间布局更为合理,其综合效益优于另外3种情景。该情景在合理限制经济发展速度的前提下,使生态建设获得稳定发展,其经济效益较生态保护优先情景下增长了8.96%,生态效益较经济发展优先情景下增长了0.77%,在生态保护与经济发展2种目标之间达到平衡,为西北农牧交错带的土地利用规划提供了决策辅助。     

浅谈风险投资代理方道德风险与投资契约设计

分析了风险投资中的道德风险及其后果,基于现代契约理论,分析了道德风险产生的相关因素.提出了风险投资道德风险的防范、控制的分析框架与投资契约设计的基本框架和思路.     

武器装备备件库存决策支持系统设计与开发

武器装备备件库存决策支持系统是应用数据库技术、以及网络技术，实现武器装备备件库存的动态管理，介绍了此系统的设计过程与实现方法，包括系统的结构，各个功能模块的实现，以及采用的技术特点。     

Organisational hierarchies and decision making process of Chinese multinational enterprises in Vietnam

This paper examines the organisational hierarchies and decision making processes of two Chinese multinational enterprises operating in Vietnam—China Luoyang Floating Glass Corp.(CLFG) and China TCL Holdings Co.Ltd.(TCL).For this study, research data were obtained from in-depth interviews of more than 20 government officials in P.R.China and Vietnam, and managers and staff of those two enterprises.Results indicate that the organisational structures of the two enterprises are still vertical but complex, although moderate changes made to them post the nationwide economic reform of China.Consequently, decision making process follows a "top-down" model, sometimes, with insufficient grassroots information.Findings are discussed in the light of political, social and cultural milieu, and implications are drawn for the management of Chinese multinational enterprises operating in overseas markets.Both CLFG and China TCL are structured on task specialisations.However, departmentalisation in TCL′s overseas division in head office is not only based on products, but also on geographical regions of markets.The organisational structure of TCL in Vietnam is less complex than the international division, but it is more centralised.Decision making at TCL combines more traditional Chinese business philosophy with modern western organisational characteristics.TCL has a strong western influence in its management style.However, some traditional characteristics such as "hero" leadership influence and political influence are involved with decision making at TCL.Amongst others, the transitional economy, social culture, poor management system and political sensitivity have been major elements influencing decision making.In the case of CLFG, some decisions have been made before proper information has been gathered and analysed.     

Foreign direct investment with Chinese characteristics: A middle path between Ownership-Location-Internalization model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning model

The majority of multinational enterprises(MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries.In the last ten years,however,there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment(FDI) from China.It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories.In this paper,we review the pros and cons of two important theories,known as the Ownership-Location-Internalization(OLI) model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning(LLL) model,and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models.We believe that neither of them suits totally: the OLI model is quite useful for understanding FDI from China to developing economies,while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to developed economies.We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy.They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm.This combination can bring together the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies.It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally.We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.     

On multiple solutions to a low-spectrum model of oceanic current driven by the boundary force—The bimodality of the Kuroshio south of Japan

This low-spectrum model study on the multiple solutions to a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic oceanic current equation shows that they depend on the combination ofRo, Re, λ and ε, that the bimodality of the Kuroshio depends strongly on the nonlinear effect represented byRo and λ, and that its occurrence probability is reduced by the dissipation represented byRe and ε. The stability of solutions is discussed in detail with Hurwitz's theory. This work was supported by NSFC (No. 49070252)     

Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters of MIKE 11 model: A case study of Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China

Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters in the reservoir module of MIKE 11 model was conducted for the Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China in order to apply the module to the environmental impact assessment to accurately predict water temperature of reservoirs.Results showed that radiation parameter A and evaporation-first parameter were much more sensitive than other parameters.The values of the radiation parameter A ranged from 0.10 to 0.34.The values of evaporation-first parameter varied from 0 to 10.The sensitivity of solar absorption parameters was less than that of evaporation parameter,of which light attenuation values ranged from 0.5 to 0.7,and this parameter would not impact model results if it was more than 2.Constants in Beer’s law ranged from 0.2 to 0.7.Radiation parameter B was not more sensitive than evaporation parameter and its reasonable range was higher than 0.48.The fitting curves showed consistent changing tendency for these parameters within the reasonable ranges.Additionally,all the thermal equilibrium parameters had much more important effects on surface water temperature than deep water temperature.Moreover,if no observed data could be obtained,the local empirical value would be used to input to the MIKE 11 model to simulate the changes in the discharged outflow-water temperature qualitatively.     

关于网络用户经济效益评测模型的研究

着重讨论了网络用户经济效益的内涵以及用户的投入量和产出量，并提出了评价网络用户经济效益的指标体系，包括成本降低率，成本利润增长率、产品开发时间约率、市场占有增长率等系列指标。     

一类捕食者—被捕食者种群模型的定性分析

利用常微分方程的定性理论,研究了两个种群具有非线性密度制约的捕食-被捕食者系统:dxdt=b0x(b1+b2x-b3x2)-b4xy,dydt=-cy+(αx-βy)y,的平衡点的性质,并证明了该系统存在唯一极限环的一个充分必要条件。     

A layered numerical model for simulating the generation and propagation of internal tides over continental slope

A layered three-dimensional nonlinear numerical model was constructed to simulate the generation and propagation of internal tides over the continental slope. The simulation was split into external mode computation (EMC) and internal mode computation (IMC) to minimize the computational load. IMC was carried out once after EMC was implemented N times. As to EMC, a semi-implicit numerical scheme was applied in such a way that the pressure gradient terms and the velocity divergence terms were discretized semi-implicitly, but the other terms were discretized explicitly. Eulerian-Lagrangian explicit discretization was applied to the convective terms simultaneously. As a result, the stability of EMC did not depend on the wave celerity and time step was not limited by the CFL condition. More than that, use of the conjugate gradient accelerated Jacobi method further improved the computational efficiency of the model. Contribution No. 3588 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 49676275 supported by NSFC and National Special Research Program 97-925-05-02.     

A VOF-based numerical model for breaking waves in surf zone

This paper introduces a numerical model for studying the evolution of a periodic wave train, shoaling, and breaking in surf zone. The model can solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for a mean flow, and (he k-s equations for turbulence kinetic energy k and turbulence dissipation rate e. To track a free surface, the volume of fluid (VOF) function, satisfying the advection equation was introduced. In the numerical treatment, third-order upwind difference scheme was applied to the convection terms of the RANS equations in order to reduce the effect of numerical viscosity. The shoaling and breaking processes of a periodic wave train on gently sloping beaches were modeled. The computed wave heights of a sloping beach and the distribution of breaking wave pressure on a vertical wall were compared with laboratory data.