基于CAPS系统的信号调制方式的比较研究

概述了二元相移键控(BPSK)调制以及二进制偏移载波(Binary Offset Carrier,BOC)的调制原理,并基于由中国科学院主导研发的中国区域定位系统(Chinese Area Positioning System,CAPS)的实际情况,对其调制信号的测距精度、跟踪性能、多径误差的影响做了分析。分析结果对于中国区域定位系统信号体制设计、调制方式的选取具有一定的借鉴意义。     

GPS中BOC调制的FPGA实现

GPS系统中提出了一种新的信号形式,二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制是这种新的信号形式产生的技术关键。首先介绍了BOC调制的定义及其频谱特性,然后阐述了基于FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)硬件平台的BOC调制实现方法,并给出了仿真波形。结果表明,该实现方法是值得提倡的。     

基于伪随机码的低压电力线信道时延测量技术研究

提出了一种基于伪随机码的低压电力线信道时延测量方法,是低压电力线授时的关键技术,利用现有的低压电力线网络,无需搭建额外的通信线路,不受外界物体遮蔽或天气影响。根据双向时间同步原理:服务器首先与标准时间同步,使用BPSK调制方式将1号C/A码经低压电力线传输至客户端,客户端对1号C/A码信号解调捕获后回传服务器2号C/A码,服务器根据信号发射时刻和接收时刻时间差计算出信道传输时延。实验表明:该方法可以用于低压电力线信道的时延测量,在80 m电力线距离内,时间同步误差优于100μs。     

GNSS的BOC调制及其仿真

在阐述了各种BOC（binary offset carrier）调制技术（BOC调制是随着导航技术发展的需要提出的一种新的调制方式,可以实现频段共用、频谱分离并有很好的相关和抗干扰特性）的基本原理的基础上,介绍了一种在Matlab环境下建立BOC调制仿真模型的方法,给出了各种BOC调制的仿真频谱图并进行分析。仿真结果对于GNSS信号体制设计和工程实现有重要的指导意义。     

恒包络AltBOC信号调制方式分析

为便于理解恒包络AltBOC(constant envelope alternate binary offset carrier)信号调制方式,结合直观的信号相位图,从最基本的BOC信号入手,引出AltBOC信号最简单的双通道形式,进而到四通道,最终导出恒包络AltBOC信号表达式,并给出主要的数字特征。     

基于精密光程差调制的时域干涉信号闭合相位检测方法研究

闭合相位法是实现长基线恒星光干涉高分辨成像的重要技术手段之一,获得精确的闭合相位信息是进行光干涉图像重构的先决条件.提出一种基于精密光程差调制的时域干涉信号闭合相位检测方法,在3路干涉臂上进行非冗余精密光程调制,并通过多次干涉测量结合数据拟合的方法消除光程差调制中存在的正弦误差,使得光程调制的精度达到20 nm以内.引入高速探测器件提升时域干涉信号的采样频率,对探测器上获得的时域干涉信号进行傅立叶变换处理,获得3路干涉臂精确的闭合相位信息.室内实验结果表明,基于精密光程调制的时域信号闭合相位计算精度可以达到1/50波长以内.     

氢脉泽调制技术和研究

对于氢原子钟,由于微波谐振腔的腔牵引效应以及外部环境温度的变化,影响谐振腔的振荡频率,导致氢原子钟长期频率稳定度降低。为了修正这种情况,使用腔自动调谐方式实现谐振腔的频率稳定在工作频率上。目前国内外主要采用的腔自动调谐技术包括3种:外部探测信号调谐方式、微波腔频率开关调谐方式和Qa调制方式。对外部探测信号调谐方式和微波腔频率开关调谐方式进行分析,并在上海天文台SOHM-4型外部探测信号调谐方式的基础上进一步探索微波腔频率开关调谐方式。基于数字信号处理器进行电路设计与程序开发,最终在SOHM-4型氢原子钟上实现腔自动调谐。     

红外天文观测中望远镜副镜的一种新调制方法

本文介绍一种称作三位调制的望远镜副镜调制新方法。在用望远镜作L和M波段的红外天文观测时,采用这种新调制方法,在一定条件下可以替代望远镜所做的双束转换运动而获得令人满意的结果。对于控制功能不是很强的望远镜,或者进行一些不允许望远镜摆动的特殊观测(如红外偏振测量),这种方法极为有用。本文介绍了这种新调制方法原理和电路,并且使用1.2米红外望远镜比较了用这种新调制方法和用通常的副镜二位调制方法对一组红外标准星的测量结果:在J和K波段;两种方法的结果大体相同,在L波段,新调制方法显示出明显的优越性。     

日长亚季节变化的振幅调制与厄尔尼诺现象

利用Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ变换解算了１９６２年至１９９６年日长亚季节振荡的包络变化．结果显示,日长亚季节变化的振幅调制不仅具有一线性增长趋势,而且包含一个超前厄尔尼诺变化历程的年际变化．分别研究日长亚季节准５０天包络变化以及准１２０天包络变化后发现,这种超前性来自日长亚季节准５０天的振幅变化,这一结论与大气的研究结果一致．日长亚季节准１２０天的振幅变化在１９７２年附近发生了位相１８０°反转,因此日长亚季节准１２０天的振幅变化自１９７６年以来与厄尔尼诺的历程正好同步,１９７２年以前则截然相反．众所周知,日长变化在亚季尺度上具有显著的易变性,然而上述的非线性调制现象不仅表明了日长亚季节变化的内在规律性,而且证实了地球自转运动在不同时间尺度上存在极明显的非线性相互作用．同时也表明,日长变化作为全球风系变化的一个有价值的信息指标,将逐渐成为研究气候系统全球状态的有效手段之一．     

基于KD* P偏振调制和同程异构的图像同步采集时序控制

为了满足1 m新真空太阳望远镜高分辨率磁像仪对图像采集的需求,研制了基于KD*P偏振调制和同程异构的图像同步采集时序控制系统。通过对KD*P的偏振调制特性和图像采集相机的Rolling曝光及外触发工作特性进行详细分析,设计了同步控制时序,并给出了系统的工作流程。在深入研究工作时序各参数之间的相互制约关系,并对各时间参数随机波动量进行了大量的实测和统计分析之后,得到了系统运行的时序条件。最后在几种工作状态下对时序系统进行了实测,从而证明了所设计的时序控制系统满足磁像仪对KD*P偏振调制和同程异构的序列斑点图同步采集的要求。     

Time-dependent injection of Oort cloud comets into Earth-crossing orbits

The effect of close stellar encounters in modulating the influx rate of Oort cloud comets is investigated. In particular, it is shown that comet showers intense enough to be reflected in crater statistics can be produced at intervals of 80 million years or so, provided we are dealing with an Oort cloud consisting of a heavy core of comets. In this case, there is found a strong predominance of incoming comets from the sky zone where the perturbing star makes its closest approach. We have also performed numerical simulations of the time evolution of comet showers or bursts. From this numerical study, a long tail of residual shower comets is found to follow the major event with an intensity (as compared with the intensity of the shower as its peak) of ∼10⁻² after 20—30 million years. Our results thus suggest that residual shower comets may be clustered mainly on certain sky areas and observable at practically any time given the lasting effects of a shower. This might explain some of the observed clustering of aphelion points of long-period comets.     

A Study On Surges: I. Automatic Detection Of Dynamic Hα Dark Features From High-Cadence Full-Disk Observations

We present a new method for the automatic identification and classification of dynamic Hα dark features found in time series of full-disk solar images at three Hα wavelengths (center, and ± 0.8 Å). The simultaneous Hα observations are obtained by the multi-channel Flare Monitoring Telescope (FMT) at Hida Observatory. The program was developed in order to replace the present visual detection and classification of the phenomena. Usually, an obvious dark feature found in the Hα ?0.8 Å observations probably corresponds to some phenomenon such as a surge or chromospheric network enhancement, or filament activity. Thus, one of our aims in this program is to distinguish each phenomenon by its own properties and key parameters. We optimized the threshold values of the key parameters such as the area and darkness of the transiently darkening features in Hα ?0.8 Å so that the computer can reasonably identify surges and filament activations. In comparison, for a 7-day observation period, the number of dark events detected by the program contains 89% of the events recognized visually. However, 10 times more events are detected automatically. The missing events are mainly caused by the deletion of data with poor visibility. It is found that the dark events can be identified with more precise starting and ending times by a machine than by a human. Some statistical studies of surges or other activities can be carried out based on the computer-produced database. With some modifications the program can be applied to monitor real-time dynamic features on disk, including flare ribbons.     

Correlation Functions of Small-Scale Fluctuations of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field

The Interplanetary Magnetic Field shows complex spatial and temporal variations. Single spacecraft measurements reveal only a one-dimensional section of this rich four-dimensional phenomenon. Multi-point measurements of the four Cluster spacecraft provide a unique tool to study the spatiotemporal structure of the field. Using Cluster data we determined three-dimensional correlation functions of the fluctuations. By means of the correlation function one can describe and measure field variations. Our results can be used to verify theoretical predictions, to understand the formation and nature of solar wind turbulence. We found that the correlation length varies over almost six orders of magnitude. The IMF turbulence shows significant anisotropy with two distinct populations. In certain time intervals the ratio of the three axes of the correlation ellipse is 1/2.2/6 while in the remaining time we found extremely high correlation along one axis. We found favored directions in the orientation of the correlation ellipsoids.     

A Numerical Simulation Study of Mass Segregation in Embedded Stellar Clusters

The initial condition of the formation of massive stars is still unclear at present. In particular, it is still debatable whether or not massive stars are formed in the cluster center. Some people considered from the viewpoint of time scale and thought that the mass segregation phenomena in embedded clusters means that the massive stars can only be born in the cluster center. In this paper we used the Monte Carlo method to make numerical simulation of the dynamical evolution of embedded clusters and the result is compared with the observations. It is assumed that at the initial time massive stars are randomly distributed. It was found that, due to the random motions of massive stars, temporary mass segregation may exist at certain times in the course of evolution of a given embedded cluster, and this phenomenon may be very prominent in some of them. It is pointed out that massive star formation in the center is not the only explanation for mass segregation in embedded clusters. In addition, dynamical friction from the gas can effectively reduce the time scale of the dynamical mass segregation. In consequence, the probability of temporary mass segregation is increased.     

Effects of electromagnetic field on the collapse and expansion of anisotropic gravitating source

This paper is devoted to study the effects of electromagnetic on the collapse and expansion of anisotropic gravitating source. For this purpose, we have evaluated the generating solutions of Einstein–Maxwell field equations with spherically symmetric anisotropic gravitating source. We found that a single function generates the various anisotropic solutions. In this case every generating function involves an arbitrary function of time which can be chosen to fit several astrophysical time profiles. Two physical phenomenon occur, one is gravitational collapse and other is the cosmological expanding solution. In both cases electromagnetic field effects the anisotropy of the model. For collapse the anisotropy is increased while for expansion it deceases from maximum value to finite positive value. In case of collapse there exits two horizons like in case of Reissner–Nordström metric.     

Structure of the solar oscillation with period near 160 minutes

The solar oscillation with period near 160 min is found to be unique in a spectrum computed over the range of periods from about 71 to 278 min. Our best estimate of the period is 160.0095 ± 0.001 min, which is different from 160 min (1/9 of a day) by a highly significant amount. The width of the peak is approximately equal to the limiting resolution that can be obtained from an observation lasting 6 years, which suggests that the damping time of the oscillations is considerably longer than 6 years. A suggestion that this peak might be the result of a beating phenomenon between the five minute data averages and a solar oscillation with period near five minutes is shown to be incorrect by recomputing a portion of the spectrum using 15 s data averages.     

Statistical nature of perihelion passages of long-period comets

The distributions of annual flux and time interval of perihelion passages of long-period comets are examined statistically. The former is found to be well represented by the Poisson distribution, while the latter by the exponential one. This means that the perihelion passages of long-period comets are an almost random phenomenon, at least within the time scale of a few hundred years, even if the samples are affected by observational selection and/or the effect of physical disruption.     

The origin of galactic cosmic rays

One century ago Viktor Hess carried out several balloon flights that led him to conclude that the penetrating radiation responsible for the discharge of electroscopes was of extraterrestrial origin. One century from the discovery of this phenomenon seems to be a good time to stop and think about what we have understood about Cosmic Rays. The aim of this review is to illustrate the ideas that have been and are being explored in order to account for the observable quantities related to cosmic rays and to summarize the numerous new pieces of observation that are becoming available. In fact, despite the possible impression that development in this field is somewhat slow, the rate of new discoveries in the last decade or so has been impressive, and mainly driven by beautiful pieces of observation. At the same time scientists in this field have been able to propose new, fascinating ways to investigate particle acceleration inside the sources, making use of multifrequency observations that range from the radio, to the optical, to X-rays and gamma rays. These ideas can now be confronted with data.I will mostly focus on supernova remnants as the most plausible sources of Galactic cosmic rays, and I will review the main aspects of the modern theory of diffusive particle acceleration at supernova remnant shocks, with special attention for the dynamical reaction of accelerated particles on the shock and the phenomenon of magnetic field amplification at the shock. Cosmic-ray escape from the sources is discussed as a necessary step to determine the spectrum of cosmic rays at the Earth. The discussion of these theoretical ideas will always proceed parallel to an account of the data being collected especially in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy.In the end of this review I will also discuss the phenomenon of cosmic-ray acceleration at shocks propagating in partially ionized media and the implications of this phenomenon in terms of width of the Balmer line emission. This field of research has recently experienced a remarkable growth, in that Hα lines have been found to bear information on the cosmic-ray acceleration efficiency of supernova shocks.     

Activity cycle of the giant star of Z Andromedae and its spin period

We have re-analysed the long-term optical light curve (LC) of the symbiotic star Z Andromedae, covering 112 yr of mostly visual observations. Two strictly periodic cycles and one quasi-periodic cycle can be identified in this LC. A   P 1 = 7550  d quasi-periodicity characterizes the repetition time of the outburst episodes of this symbiotic star. Six such events have been recorded so far. During quiescence states of the system, that is, in time-intervals between outbursts, the LC is clearly modulated by a stable coherent period of   P 2 = 759.1  d. This is the well-known orbital period of the Z Andromedae binary system that has been measured also spectroscopically. A third coherent period of   P 3 = 658.4  d is modulating the intense fluctuations in the optical brightness of the system during outbursts. We attribute the trigger of the outburst phenomenon and the clock that drives it, to a solar-type magnetic dynamo cycle that operates in the convection and the outer layers of the giant star of the system. We suggest that the intense surface activity of the giant star during maximum phases of its magnetic cycle is especially enhanced in one or two antipode regions, fixed in the atmosphere of the star and rotating with it. Such spots could be active regions around the North Pole and the South Pole of a general magnetic dipole field of the star. The P3 periodicity is half the beat of the binary orbital period of the system and the spin period of the giant. The latter is then either 482 or 1790 d. If only one pole is active on the surface of the giant, P3 is the beat period itself, and the spin period is 352 d. It could also be 5000 d if the giant is rotating in a retrograde direction. We briefly compare these findings in the LC of Z Andromedae to similar modulations that were identified in the LC of two other prototype symbiotics, BF Cyg and YY Her.     

BPM标准时号放大器的研制

本文简要论述BPM标准时号放大器的主要技术指标、L作原理和设计特点。