通用数据库管理系统

本文介绍了一种通用数据库管理系统，采用ＦＯＸＰＲＯ２．５编写。只要用户给定需要的数据库名等信息，该系统就可对给定的数据进行录入、修改、删除、查询、统计及打印等操作。该系统功能齐全，具有很强的通用性。     

基于MO的金属矿床找矿勘查管理信息系统的设计与实现

从我国找矿勘查信息化的实际出发,设计并构建了金属矿床找矿勘查管理信息系统.该系统利用地理信息系统技术、数据库技术,整合了找矿勘查能够获取的数据,其中包括矿区地质特征信息、基础地质信息、地球化学信息、地球物理信息、遥感信息等几种类型,从而进一步提高矿产资源调查信息化的程度.该系统用Access数据库进行数据存储,用GIS组件MapObject进行空间数据的管理,包括数据的显示、查询、输出等,采用SQL查询语言进行综合信息的查询,从而实现数据库与GIS的有效集成.系统的模块主要包括矿区文字资料的管理模块、空间数据的管理模块、文件资料的管理模块和数据库的查询模块.     

中国陨石数据库系统的建设及初步应用

科学数据库在国外地学界已被普遍利用，而我国地学数据库工作还处于起步阶段，大量的地学数据和资料存放在纸上，大大制约了数据的存储、归纳、再利用和共享，中国陨石数据库在这样的环境下应运而生的。本文介绍了中国陨石数据库系统设计的方法、原理以及网络型陨石数据库的建立及初步应用，包括浏览和查询等。文中给出了相关程序的代码。为科学数据库的建立进行了一些有益的探索，同时说明了该数据库在科学研究及社会、经济方面的初步应用。     

基于Delphi的数据库查询设计方法

随着网络技术和数据库技术的迅速发展，数据库查询技术越来越受到重视。查询是数据库应用的一项重要技术，是获得信息资源的重要手段。文章介绍了面向构件的程序设计语言Delphi的数据库性能，给出基于Delphi的多种数据库查询设计方法。包括如何使用数据过滤、简单查询、如何使用Select语句查询、模糊查询、参数化查询、设置书签、搜索定位、多库关联查询等方法。     

数据库管理系统在煤矿防治水中的应用

数据库管理系统是在矿井水文地质数据基础上,运用数据库理论进行系统设计与开发,系统包括管理模块、数据维护模块、信息查询模块、水源判别模块和数据输出模块等.以皖北任楼煤矿为例,说明该系统的实际应用效果.     

基于GIS的重大工程地基基础模块设计的关键问题研究

基于GIS（geographical information system）平台开发地基基础设计计算模块是重大工程信息化管理系统的重要研究内容之一,它可以有效利用数据库的动态数据,提高设计计算的效率,从而为工程的设计施工提供技术支撑。研究以岩土力学知识及相关行业设计规范为基础,以MAPGIS地理信息系统为开发平台,采用数据库技术、C＋＋编程技术等信息技术,探讨了桩基设计、复合地基设计、洞室围岩支护设计以及边坡加固设计计算的若干关键问题与可视化实现。该模块可自动调用动态数据库的数据对桩基、复合地基、洞室支护等进行设计计算,对边坡稳定性问题进行分析;并可供数据存储及查询。结合广东省内的重大工程--东深供水改造工程的GIS系统开发,提出了地基基础模块的功能设计与实现方法,阐述了模块设计中的几个关键问题,将研究结果应用于该工程中,取得了较好的效果。     

基于苏锡常地区地面沉降虚拟现实系统的网络数据库设计

利用数据库、ASP等技术建立该网络数据库，为虚拟现实系统建模所需要的海量数据及通过该系统建立的地质结构、地面沉降等模型数据提供有效的存储、读取及编辑功能；同时，利用该数据库还可提供信息的远程共享和发布，实时地将地面沉降数据及利用该虚拟现实系统模拟的地面沉降发生、发展过程及后果向社会公众公布。考虑到网络数据库的安全问题，在数据库设计中通过设立身份验证机制和在代码中过滤安全漏洞，保证代码的安全性。     

数据库应用系统通用模块的研究

通过对各种数据库管理应用系统的研究,寻求其通用的部分,把它们研制成通用的管理模块,反过来用到各种管理系统中去。 这样避免了轶件开发过程中低水平的重复性劳动;为了提高软件的质量,提高开发某一应用系统的速度,研制出一套适合于各种各样用途的工具模块,当需开发一个新的管理系统时,用这些工具模块很快就可以编制出一个较大的程序;通用模块的开发是站在软件工程的高度,遵循结构程序设计原理,按照自顶向下,逐步求精的原则和方法进行研制的,便于移植和维护,使各种管理系统走向标准化。     

世界地质公园数据库管理信息系统设计与实现

参照《联合国教科文组织世界地质公园操作指南》相关要求,构建了以地质遗迹为主的"一张图"世界地质公园数据库管理信息系统。该系统基于SupMap objects.net和J2EE平台,以面向对象的方法进行系统设计,采用C#语言、Java语言进行系统开发,各功能采用模块化设计,为软件功能拓展和升级更新提供便利;采用界面和数据分离,为程序的安全性和可靠性提供保障。主要功能模块有数据成果管理子系统和"一张图"业务管理子系统,通过软件可实现地质公园海量数据动态更新与共享,录入、更改、删除、存储、管理、数据导入、影像入库、系统配置以及地质公园三维可视化浏览、查询、检索、地图标注、统计成图、三维量测、空间分析等功能,并针对性地开发了建设视域地形对比分析、游览线路飞行浏览等功能。该系统用户界面格式统一、直观高效、易于操作。     

基于MAPGIS的1:5万地质图管理系统设计与实现

针对目前获取的海量区域地质图数据管理难的问题,提出了建立1∶5万区域地质图数字化建库内容的管理方法。在研究MAPGIS技术和相关计算机技术的基础上,设计了一种GIS应用系统的解决方案。该系统具有数据入库管理、属性代码转换、数据分布式存储管理、空间查询、地理要素检索、地理内容检索等功能。实验结果表明,地质图管理系统为区域地质图数据规范化管理提供了基础平台,对保证区域地质数据库建设成果数据积累和社会服务应用具有重要意义。     

Phanerozoic general circulation model results and quantitative climate data for Australia

Quantitative data bearing on Phanerozoic climates of Australia are summarised and comparisons are made with the predictions of atmospheric general circulation models over 12 time slices from the Silurian to the Miocene. Summaries of the model derived mean temperature and precipitation conditions are given individually for each of four regions (southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest). Model results provide the means of estimating climate conditions in many cases, but there is fair agreement between the two approaches in most cases in which data are available. On model results, the southeast experienced winter freezing conditions from the Permian through until the middle Cretaceous and was consistently the coolest of the four regions, in part because of its proximity to the pole, but also because it was the site of elevated terrain throughout most of the Phanerozoic. It also tended to be among the wettest parts of Australia over this time and was subject to frequent winter storms. The northeast, in contrast, was often the warmest part of the continent, although strong seasonality and freezing winter temperatures were common during the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic. Strong seasonality (>30°C contrast between winter and summer) also apparently characterised most of the record for the southwest region, except for the Tertiary, part of the Jurassic, and the Early Palaeozoic. Together with the southeast, this region experienced the most intense effects of winter, especially in the Triassic. Strong seasonality also affected the northwest region through much of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic and, interestingly, the highest summer temperatures on the continent are predicted for the southwest for most of the time slices studied. The models used today are imperfect but, nonetheless, offer a means of prediction and will perhaps stimulate the gathering of quantitative data in a continent where information is hard to come by and for which not much has yet been presented.     

Fortran IV program for grey-level mapping of spatial data

Afortran iv computer program for grey-level mapping of spatial data using a CDC 6600 is described. The program produces maps for irregularly distributed data in as many as 10 intensity levels which are displayed in grey tones by a lineprinter. Unlimited map size and unrestricted data input provide for as many as 5000 data points per 13-in.-wide strip of map. The program is easily modified for other installations. Examples are given of geochemical analyses of stream sediments in Northern Ireland.     

A statistical prediction technique for deriving contour maps from geophysical data

A technique for preparing contour maps is presented which has particular applicability for geophysical data. This technique derives from the assumption that each measured value is a sample from a statistical distribution which is taken to be valid in the area around that sample location. This distribution may be specified in the manner which best defines the relationship between the data and its spatial environment. Extending this principle to cover all areas to be mapped, and not just those measured, it is possible to predict values over a grid array of locations and hence to produce a contour map. Inherent in this simple procedure is: (i) the ability to adjust to the nature of the data being contoured; (ii) the elimination of edge effects; (iii) visual indication of the relative accuracy with which contours are located, at all points of the map; (iv) the automatic downgrading of data values which are in error; (v) the ability to contour combinations of measured data values without compounding errors; and (vi) a relatively simple extension to data spatially distributed in three dimensions.Research Council of Alberta Contribution No. 618.     

起伏地形位场快速延拓新方法

将起伏地形上的测点垂直投影至水平面上,并将地形上的位场u放在水平面的对应点上,这样就有一个平面上的假想位场u。用快速傅立叶变换（FFT）计算平面位场的垂向导数δu/δn,将这个垂向导数移至地形的对应点上,近似作为地形上的位的垂向导数δu/δn。根据Green公式,从地形上的位u和位的法向导数δu/δn,用积分的方法可计算地形上部任一点的位。在计算出地形上部一个平面上的位后,可用FFT迅速计算其它平面的位,包括与地形相交的平面上的位。在通常的位场延拓方法中,如用等效源法解一个线形代数方程组要需用很大内存量,要耗去大量计算时间。本方法的主要特点是省略了解线形代数方程组的步骤,从而大大节约计算时间。模型计算表明,本方法的计算精度是令人满意的。用本方法对航磁实际资料进行延拓,取得较好的效果。     

Some principles of data storage and information retrieval and their implications for information exchange

The definition of objectives and question of interpretation must be considered when setting up data banks. The objective will determine the type of data to be collected. A hierarchy of data-processing systems exists where the amount of interpretation in the data increases as the order of the system increases. The remarkable continuity of basic data can be embodied in the axiom: Any fundamental data free of interpretation cannot be discontinuous. The measurement of space and time remain invariant for all orders of data systems and are essential for relating data containing various amounts of interpretation. In general, only basic data should be exchanged. Where this is not feasible the object described should be clearly defined in space and time.     

库容综合测量系统中的数据处理

介绍了利用ＧＰＳ等先进技术测库容数据处理中几个关键问题。具体阐述了上述各项系统误差的影响规律及其消减模型,在生产中具有很好的实用价值。     

Statistical techniques and their application in palynology

The basic principals of hypothesis testing are reviewed, including the development of the hypothesis, the statistical assumptions made, and the test of the hypothesis. The appropriate experimental design and sampling technique for evaluation of hypotheses posed are discussed. Because the analysis of variance involving the F-test should be used in a wide variety of geological experiments, emphasis is placed on this analysis. Many geological experiments result in the measurement of one or more factors on a continuous scale, whereas others are recorded in a discrete fashion. This necessitates the use of a covariance analysis to evaluate the effect of discrete and continuous factors in the same model. Orthogonal comparisons are discussed as they are used to evaluate specific hypotheses following the general test of hypothesis in the analysis of variance or covariance. All procedures discussed are illustrated using actual palynofloral data.     

Design of geological data systems for developing nations

For analytical, inventory, and a variety of other basic types of geological data the main functions of an information management system can adequately be accommodated by simple systems in which comprehensiveness is compromised in favor of practicality and ease of implementation. Albeit possessing some shortcomings, such a strategy is likely to prove profitable particularly to geologists in developing nations who are confronted with the task of self-developing much needed geological data systems in the face of limited electronic data processing resources. Based on the experience of the Geological Survey of Israel, several considerations and practical guidelines for the design and implementation of such systems can be outlined. Data bases should be limited in their scope to specific subjects or projects, be designed to serve existing and only the more realistic foreseeable needs, and include provisions for merger and intelligent communication with related files. Such data bases typically contain logically simple-structured information and are small in size. Revision, deletion, and update transactions are infrequent; the search criteria for retrieval are for the most part predictable and a fast response time is not essential. These attributes prescribe a preference for simple fixed- or semi-free-format sequential files which, in turn, simplify appreciably the programming of the supporting software. Input forms should be meticulously planned with due consideration given to aspects of software compatibility, user convenience and acceptance, and efficiency in data gathering. The use of standard forms should be integrated into the institution's routine to facilitate direct data entry by each contributor, thereby improving and economizing the data collection process, and to secure data capture at its acquisition level (field, laboratory). The user's more immediate retrieval needs are adequately satisfied by a master list, documenting the entire data base and a number of external inverted index directories cross-referencing the master list according to the attributes by which the file is most likely to be searched. Further development of output capabilities should be directed to provide for flexible retrieval by multikey query functions and base map posting. For data files storing raw chemical analyses of rocks and water samples, the incorporation of processing capabilities to compute interpretative geochemical parameters as an integral part of the system's output is particularly useful. Paper presented at the 25th International Geological Congress, Section 16A, Sydney, Australia, August 1976.     

初论全国重要成矿区带基础数据库服务体系

全国重要成矿区带基础数据库服务体系分为技术服务和数据服务两大部分.在技术服务层面上,根据全国重要成矿区带基础数据的特点,划分了数据裁剪类型;利用2个长二进制字段分别存储图元信息和拓扑信息,解决了空间数据装入数据库中易造成数据丢失和格式转换信息缺失的难题;利用关系数据库和空间数据引擎解决了属性数据和空间数据一体化存储和联合查询难题.在数据服务层面上,指出采用WebGIS在线服务、目录服务和解说服务以及光盘邮寄服务相互结合、互相补充的方式,既可以很好地满足用户需求,又能保证数据的安全;并划分了数据类型和用户级别;提出了保护数据安全的策略.