利用GPS测定地球同步卫星轨道

本文讨论了利用全球定位系统(GPS)测定地球同步卫星轨道的一种新方法,论证了利用GPS测轨的可行性;导出了地球同步卫星对GPS卫星的可观测条件,并通过模拟计算绐出了利用GPS测轨可能获得的轨道精度。     

混合星座的精度因子与定位性能分析

通过对静地同步卫星(GEO)、倾斜轨道同步卫星(IGSO)/GEO结合和MEO/GEO结合等星座的精度因子(DOP)计算和分析,初步探索了利用混合星座解决无高程辅助的纯GEO星座不能垂向定位和水平定位精度欠佳的问题。同时,结合我国卫星导航系统的发展,提出利用IGSO/GEO混合星座作为区域定位星座向全球定位星座过渡的观点。     

实时估计不同类型北斗卫星观测值的随机模型

为分析北斗卫星观测值随机特性,估计了地球静止轨道、倾斜地球同步卫星轨道、中地球轨道卫星载波相位观测值的方差分量。发现不同接收机和不同类型卫星观测值方差分量的大小和时变特性具有明显差异。为构建更切实际的方差结构随机模型,提出利用迭代最小二乘和最小范数二次无偏估计相结合的方法,实时估计不同类型北斗卫星观测值方差分量。为评估实时估计随机模型的性能,对243 m、645 m、10 137 m三条不同长度基线进行精密相对定位测试,结果表明:实时估计随机模型能有效改善北斗卫星精密单历元动态相对定位性能,尤其当站间距离较长时改善更显著。10 137m基线测试结果表明,1h数据单历元解在北、东、高方向,平均定位精度分别提高了41.3%、54.5%、51.6%,稳定性分别提高了38.4%、17.7%、39.7%。     

下行L波段轨道法时间比对中Sagnac效应的计算

根据下行L波段轨道法进行时间比对的基本原理,详细介绍了Sagnac效应产生的原因。并以圆轨道地球静止同步卫星为例,推导了下行L波段轨道法时间比对中Sagnac效应在地心惯性系中的基本计算模型,给出了当地面站在赤道上和不在赤道上这两种情况下Sagnac效应的详细计算过程。     

地球静止轨道卫星数目对BDS单点定位的影响

针对相同条件下地球静止轨道卫星星历引入的测距误差约为中地球轨道卫星2倍的问题,该文分析了北斗导航系统中地球静止轨道卫星数目对定位的影响。采用实测数据在观测时段内可见的倾斜地球同步轨道、中地球轨道卫星的基础上,逐次增加一颗高度角最大的地球静止轨道卫星参与定位;对比分析了不同数目地球静止轨道卫星参与定位时位置精度因子值的变化,以及在北、东、高方向分量误差及总误差的内外符合精度。数据分析表明,按高度角逐次增加1~4颗地球静止轨道卫星时,系统的位置精度因子值有不同程度的改善,定位精度与增加一颗高度角最大的地球静止轨道卫星时基本相当;对高度角最小的地球静止轨道卫星降权处理,定位精度比未降权时提高。     

北斗卫星轨道预报模型对比

针对关于北斗卫星轨道预报的研究远不如全球定位系统卫星的现状,该文基于双行星历的SDP4模型、基于高精度轨道外推模型、基于Bern光压模型的自编动力学模型等3种方法,对北斗导航系统的3类卫星(地球静止轨道卫星/倾斜地球同步轨道卫星/中地球轨道卫星)进行轨道预报;并对比了Trimble公司的接收机历书星历和德国地学中心发布的北斗精密星历对模型的预报精度,研究了不同模型的预报特点;最后对不同预报期下的预报轨道可以使用的领域提出了建议。     

基于道路的地球同步卫星定位方法试验分析

针对基于道路的同步卫星定位方法,利用实测数据生成需要的试验数据,并对6个不同地区的试验结果同地球同步卫星定位方法进行比较和分析,验证了基于道路的同步卫星定位方法的可行性和可靠性.     

卫星双向共视法时间比对中Sagnac效应计算模型

根据卫星双向共视法进行时间比对的基本原理,详细介绍了Sagnac效应产生的原因.并以圆轨道地球静止同步卫星为例,推导了卫星双向共视法时间比对中Sagnac效应在地心惯性系的基本计算模型.给出了当地面站在赤道上和不在赤道上这两种情况下,Sagnac效应的详细计算过程.     

地球同步卫星时间传输系统中的地球自转改正

本文讨论了地球同步卫星时间传输系统中的地球自转改正,通过计算给出单向定时和双向定时中的地球自转改正值。     

卫星双向共视法时间比对中Sagnac效应计算模型

根据卫星双向共视法进行时间比对的基本原理,详细介绍了Sagnac效应产生的原因。并以圆轨道地球静止同步卫星为例,推导了卫星双向共视法时间比对中Sagnac效应在地心惯性系的基本计算模型。给出了当地面站在赤道上和不在赤道上这两种情况下,Sagnac效应的详细计算过程。     

Orbit and clock analysis of Compass GEO and IGSO satellites

China is currently focussing on the establishment of its own global navigation satellite system called Compass or BeiDou. At present, the Compass constellation provides four usable satellites in geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) and five satellites in inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO). Based on a network of six Compass-capable receivers, orbit and clock parameters of these satellites were determined. The orbit consistency is on the 1–2 dm level for the IGSO satellites and on the several decimeter level for the GEO satellites. These values could be confirmed by an independent validation with satellite laser ranging. All Compass clocks show a similar performance but have a slightly lower stability compared to Galileo and the latest generation of GPS satellites. A Compass-only precise point positioning based on the products derived from the six-receiver network provides an accuracy of several centimeters compared to the GPS-only results.     

Effects on Three-Dimensional Geosynchronous Circular SAR Imaging by Orbit Errors

Circular SAR imaging on the geosynchronous orbit is an innovative SAR imaging mode, which can perform high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with continuous observations for a large area. However, for geosynchronous satellites the orbit is severely disturbed by perturbing effects, and the orbit error will be an important factor influencing the SAR imaging on the geosynchronous orbit. In this paper, the effects of the orbit error on performances of 3D geosynchronous circular SAR (GEOCSAR) imaging are analyzed. The error model is firstly made, and then the orbit error propagating into the distance from the radar to the target (range) is derived. Furthermore, the effects of different components of the range error on the quality of focused SAR signals are deduced, based on the 3D GEOCSAR signal model with time-domain correlation algorithm. The analyses and simulations will quantify and verify the required accuracies of GEOCSAR orbit estimation for ensuring the 3D imaging quality.     

北斗IGSO/MEO卫星伪距码偏差精化建模方法研究

北斗倾斜地球同步轨道（inclined geosynchronous orbit,IGSO）卫星和中轨（medium earth orbit,MEO）卫星的伪距码观测值存在系统性偏差,针对该偏差的现有建模方法（两步法）包含模糊度消除策略的误差,提出了一种基于历元间差分的一步建模方法,建立了同类型卫星整体的伪距码偏差三次多项式改正模型,并与现有的离散点改正模型进行对比。同时,针对每颗IGSO/MEO卫星的独特性,利用一步法逐卫星建模并评估其改正效果。结果表明,相对于现有的离散点改正模型,精化模型将IGSO/MEO卫星的Melbourne-Wübbena（MW）值的稳定性平均提高了23.88%,C08卫星的提高幅度最大,约为32.26%。     

Precise orbit determination of the Fengyun-3C satellite using onboard GPS and BDS observations

The GNSS Occultation Sounder instrument onboard the Chinese meteorological satellite Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) tracks both GPS and BDS signals for orbit determination. One month’s worth of the onboard dual-frequency GPS and BDS data during March 2015 from the FY-3C satellite is analyzed in this study. The onboard BDS and GPS measurement quality is evaluated in terms of data quantity as well as code multipath error. Severe multipath errors for BDS code ranges are observed especially for high elevations for BDS medium earth orbit satellites (MEOs). The code multipath errors are estimated as piecewise linear model in \(2{^{\circ }}\times 2{^{\circ }}\) grid and applied in precise orbit determination (POD) calculations. POD of FY-3C is firstly performed with GPS data, which shows orbit consistency of approximate 2.7 cm in 3D RMS (root mean square) by overlap comparisons; the estimated orbits are then used as reference orbits for evaluating the orbit precision of GPS and BDS combined POD as well as BDS-based POD. It is indicated that inclusion of BDS geosynchronous orbit satellites (GEOs) could degrade POD precision seriously. The precisions of orbit estimates by combined POD and BDS-based POD are 3.4 and 30.1 cm in 3D RMS when GEOs are involved, respectively. However, if BDS GEOs are excluded, the combined POD can reach similar precision with respect to GPS POD, showing orbit differences about 0.8 cm, while the orbit precision of BDS-based POD can be improved to 8.4 cm. These results indicate that the POD performance with onboard BDS data alone can reach precision better than 10 cm with only five BDS inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit satellites and three MEOs. As the GNOS receiver can only track six BDS satellites for orbit positioning at its maximum channel, it can be expected that the performance of POD with onboard BDS data can be further improved if more observations are generated without such restrictions.     

北斗三号全球卫星导航系统空间信号精度评估

针对北斗三号 (BDS-3)正式开通后的空间信号精度情况,选取2020-08-01—2021-07-31共 1 a的混合广播星历数据,以德国波茨坦地学研究中心(GFZ)和武汉大学国际GNSS服务(IGS)数据中心(WHU)提供的精密星历为参考分别从轨道精度、钟差精度和空间信号测距误差(SISRE)来进行BDS-3的空间信号精度评估. 结果表明:BDS-3的轨道精度在径向(R)、切向(A)、法向(C)三个方向上分别优于0.100 m、0.405 m、0.547 m,钟差精度优于1.926 ns,仅受轨道影响的SISRE (orb)为0.134 m,SISRE为0.612 m. 地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星的SISRE为1.137 m,倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星和中圆地球轨道(MEO)卫星的SISRE相比GEO卫星分别减少36.3%、51.3%.      

顾及不同天线相位中心改正模型的北斗空间信号精度评估方法

IGS各分析中心提供的北斗精密轨道和精密钟差产品可能因采用不同的天线相位中心模型而存在一定差异,其对精密产品之间的比较以及利用精密产品评估北斗空间信号精度会产生一定影响。首先利用实测观测数据深入分析了采用不同天线相位中心改正模型对精密轨道和钟差的影响规律,在此基础上提出了顾及不同天线相位中心改正模型的北斗空间信号精度评估方法,以欧洲定轨中心、德国地学中心、武汉大学提供的精密轨道和钟差作为参考,对北斗广播轨道、广播钟差以及空间信号精度进行了分析和比较。结果表明,在考虑了卫星天线相位中心改正模型的差异之后,采用不同分析中心提供的北斗精密轨道和精密钟差作为基准评估出的空间信号精度基本一致,地球同步轨道卫星优于1.68 m,倾斜地球同步轨道卫星优于0.78 m,中地球轨道卫星优于0.66 m,验证了所提出的评估方法的正确性。     

基于BDS广播星历的卫星轨道拟合精度分析

在实时定位导航中,为了提高利用BDS广播星历计算卫星位置的效率,提出将卫星轨道拟合为一个多项式.首先利用切比雪夫多项式拟合法,将拟合时段固定为1 h,拟合间隔固定为5 min,每30 s选取一个检验点,利用不同的拟合阶数,分别对GEO、IGSO、MEO三类不同类型的北斗卫星轨道进行拟合分析;然后将拟合阶数固定为9,利用2～6 min的拟合时间间隔,将三类卫星作为整体进行轨道拟合分析.算例表明,只要选取合适的拟合阶数,三类不同类型的北斗卫星轨道拟合精度都较高,拟合误差最大值在厘米级,误差均值在毫米级,满足精度要求;固定9阶拟合多项式时,2～6 min时间间隔的拟合精度都可以满足精度需求.切比雪夫多项式拟合法适用于BDS广播星历的卫星轨道拟合.      

In-orbit performance assessment of BeiDou intersatellite link ranging

The introduction of an intersatellite link, also called a crosslink, is considered a promising technique for improving the reliability and integrity of a global navigation satellite system. As one of the most rapidly developing satellite navigation systems, the BeiDou system launched from March 2015 to February 2016 an in-orbit validation constellation that includes two inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites and three medium earth orbit satellites equipped with an intersatellite link in the Ka band. We modeled the intersatellite measurements of BeiDou and evaluated the ranging performance of the intersatellite link based on the analysis of in-orbit measurement data. We used both residual analysis and external data comparison to assess the data. The results show that the ranging precision of the BeiDou intersatellite link is within 10 cm and is determined mainly by the thermal noise of the receiver. Moreover, the drift rate of the group delay of the transceiver channel is within 1 cm per day.     

风云三号D星天基BDS实时定位性能分析

随着北斗三号卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system-3, BDS-3)开始向全球提供导航服务,独立使用BDS为在轨运行的卫星提供全球覆盖、全时段的定位服务成为可能。结合风云三号D星(FengYun-3D, FY-3D)全球卫星导航系统掩星探测仪(global navigation satellite system occultation sounder, GNOS)的真实在轨数据对天基BDS的定位性能进行了详细的分析。首先,使用BDS真实广播星历计算了在不同轨道高度下的可见卫星数和定位精度因子（position dilution of precision, PDOP）,并结合精密星历分析了广播星历的轨道误差、时钟误差及空间信号测距误差(signal-in-space range error, SISRE)。仿真结果表明,在95%的置信水平下,从地面到2 000 km的轨道高度,BDS在全球范围内最小可见卫星数为6,最大PDOP小于5,星座可用性已经达到100%,全球平均可见卫星数BDS比GPS(global positioning syste...