扎格罗斯盆地含油气系统分析与资源潜力评价

扎格罗斯盆地是全球常规油气资源最富集的前陆盆地。基于最新的数据资料,应用石油地质综合评价和含油气系统分析的方法,研究了扎格罗斯盆地的油气分布和主控因素,以成藏组合为评价单元,评估了油气待发现可采资源量,并探讨了盆地的油气资源潜力和未来的勘探领域。研究表明,盆地发育6套含油气系统,白垩系/古近系复合含油气系统、侏罗系含油气系统和志留系Gakhum含气系统是最重要的含油气系统。区域上,盆地的油气主要分布于迪兹富勒坳陷、基尔库克坳陷和胡齐斯坦隆起;层系上,油气主要储集于古近系、新近系和白垩系。油气分布整体表现为“坳陷富油、隆起富气”的特征,其油气富集的主要控制因素是优质区域盖层、有效烃源岩的展布和新近纪的构造运动。资源评价结果表明,扎格罗斯盆地待发现可采石油、天然气和凝析油的资源量分别为44.6×10⁸t、9.3×10¹² m³和10.4×10⁸t,合计129.8×10⁸t油当量,最有勘探潜力的成藏组合是二叠/三叠系Deh Ram群、Asmari组和西北侏罗系成藏组合。     

新疆油页岩资源现状及潜力

2012—2016年,通过新疆油页岩资源动态评价、新疆矿产志、新疆主要优势矿产资源(16种)勘查开发对策研究课题,采用已建立的重点区选择标准和评价方法,对新疆油页岩进行资源评价,结果表明,新疆油页岩资源丰富,广泛分布于准噶尔盆地、三塘湖盆地、吐哈盆地、伊犁盆地、塔里木盆地等,共12个评价区、3个预测区、11个远景区及25个靶区。新疆油页岩资源量为695.02×10⁸t,其中查明资源储量47.07×10⁸t,探获资源储量87.42×10⁸t,潜在资源量607.60×10⁸t。页岩油资源量为61.64×10⁸t,其中查明资源储量3.11×10⁸t,探获资源储量5.03×10⁸t,潜在资源量56.61×10⁸t。较新一轮(2004年)新增148.08×10⁸t,其中探获资源储量新增82.83×10⁸t,潜在资源量新增65.25×10⁸t。准噶尔盆地油页岩...     

新疆和什托洛盖盆地侏罗系油气成藏条件及资源潜力

据野外剖面调查、地震及分析化验等资料,结合低勘探程度盆地油气资源评价方法和关键参数,对和什托洛盖盆地侏罗系油气成藏条件和资源潜力进行研究。结果表明:盆地内侏罗系具有利生储盖组合特征;中—下侏罗统发育厚度较大的暗色泥岩和煤,有机质丰度高,现今处于低成熟—成熟阶段;侏罗系八道湾组、三工河组和西山窑组为优质储层,利于油气近距离运移;西山窑组顶部及白垩系吐谷鲁群底部泥岩,为侏罗系直接盖层。油气资源评价结果表明,盆地油气地质资源量分别为3 324.93×10⁴t和16.13×10⁸m³,证实该盆地具较大勘探潜力,白杨河凸起和南部斜坡带为有利勘探区带。     

油藏规模序列法在胜坨油区资源评价中的应用

胜坨油区已勘探开发40多年,油气勘探程度高。应用油藏规模序列法对该地区资源量进行了评价,结果表明：胜坨油区仍有124个30×10^4级地质储量以上的待发现油藏,剩余资源总量达1．46×10^8t。待发现油藏的规模不仅局限于百万吨级储量以下的小规模油藏,百万吨级储量以上的油藏还有35个,地质储量9672×10^4t。应用油藏规模序列法所计算的胜坨油区剩余资源量及其规模分布能够为该地区今后的勘探工作提供指导。     

我国油气资源潜力、分布及重点勘探领域

我国地质结构具有3大板块、3大构造域多旋回构造演化特征,造就多种类型叠合沉积盆地,构成克拉通+前陆、断陷+坳陷、前陆+坳陷3种主要类型。大型叠合盆地是油气资源分布与勘探开发主体。我国常规与非常规油气资源十分丰富,常规石油地质资源量1 075×10⁸ t,常规天然气地质资源量83×10¹² m³;致密油地质资源量134×10⁸ t,致密砂岩气地质资源量21×10¹² m³,页岩油地质资源量335×10⁸ t,页岩气地质资源量56×10¹² m³。陆上油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(陆上)、松辽、鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川、准噶尔、柴达木7大盆地。海域油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(海域)、东海及南海北部的珠江口、北部湾、莺歌海、琼东南6大盆地。未来我国油气勘探应始终坚持“资源战略,稳油增气”战略,坚持“非常并进、海陆统筹”积极进取勘探思路;常规勘探领域,陆上地层-岩性、前陆、海相碳酸盐岩与潜山领域;海域为渤海海域构造与基岩潜山,深水构造与岩性;非常规油气主要是立足陆上7大含油气盆地,立足致密油气与页岩油气,强化勘探开发与技术配套。     

鄂尔多斯盆地与国外相似盆地对比及其中生界石油储量预测

选取3个国外克拉通盆地,即西西伯利亚盆地、巴黎盆地和伊利诺斯盆地,与鄂尔多斯盆地进行对比。鄂尔多斯盆地作为发育在坳拉谷基底之上的克拉通盆地,具有含丰富油气资源量的地质基础。鄂尔多斯盆地为中生代陆相沉积,其烃源岩的分布相对于整个盆地较为局限,圈闭类型较为复杂多样,除此之外的其他地质因素均比较相似。根据盆地对比估算得到鄂尔多斯盆地中生界的探明石油储量为17.21 x10⁸t据西西伯利亚盆地)、22.67 x10⁸t据巴黎盆地)和24. 40 x10⁸t (据伊利诺斯盆地),表明鄂尔多斯盆地中生界具有很大的资源潜力和勘探前景。     

南堡凹陷石油地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向

南堡凹陷是一个典型的富油气凹陷,近年来在多个勘探领域获得新发现,展现出良好的勘探前景。目前的勘探实践与盆地第三次资评结果之间的矛盾日益突出,难以有效指导勘探部署。通过南堡凹陷基本石油地质特征解剖和油气成藏条件分析,建立了不同勘探领域油气成藏模式,明确了油气富集规律。基于地质风险评价,优选评价方法,重新开展南堡凹陷资源量计算,明确了剩余资源分布及未来有利勘探领域。资源评价结果显示:南堡凹陷常规石油地质资源量为12.20×108t,非常规石油地质资源量为2.19×108t,剩余常规石油地质资源量为7.10×108t。依据"深浅兼顾、油气并举"的原则评价,指出了高柳、南堡1号、南堡2号和老爷庙等4个构造带是未来重点石油勘探区带。     

我国主要含油气盆地油气资源潜力及未来重点勘探领域

油气资源是油气工业的基础,随着油气勘探工作的不断深入,油气勘探形势发生了明显变化,亟需评价落实国内常规与非常规油气资源潜力,明确剩余油气资源的重点勘探领域与有利勘探方向,夯实油气资源家底.中国石油天然气集团公司以近十几年来油气勘探成果、地质认识成果与资料积累成果为基础,攻关形成常规与非常规油气资源评价方法技术体系,系统开展了第四次油气资源评价,评价结果显示我国常规石油地质资源量1 080.31×108 t,技术可采资源量272.50×108 t;常规天然气地质资源量78×1012 m3,技术可采资源量48.45×1012 m3.我国非常规油气资源非常丰富,非常规石油地质资源量672.08×108 t,技术可采资源量151.81×108 t;非常规天然气地质资源量284.95×1012 m3,技术可采资源量89.3×1012 m3.其中,致密油地质资源量125.80×108 t,油砂油地质资源量12.55×108 t,油页岩油地质资源量533.73×108 t;致密砂岩气地质资源量21.86×1012 m3,页岩气地质资源量80.21×1012 m3,煤层气地质资源量29.82×1012 m3,天然气水合物153.06×1012 m3.我国陆上常规剩余油气资源主要分布在岩性-地层（碎屑岩）、复杂构造（碎屑岩）、海相碳酸盐岩、前陆冲断带四大重点领域.其中,陆上剩余石油资源主要分布在岩性-地层（碎屑岩）、复杂构造（碎屑岩）两大领域,陆上剩余天然气资源主要分布在海相碳酸盐岩、前陆冲断带两大领域.海域油气资源主要分布在构造、生物礁、深水岩性3个领域.      

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界石油地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油气资源丰富,三叠系延长组和侏罗系延安组是主力含油层系。在鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质条件研究的基础上,提出沉积相、输导体系、异常压力和构造为中生界成藏的主要控制因素,建立了三叠系延长组大型岩性油藏模式和侏罗系古地貌控藏模式,并结合盆地勘探成果,精细评价了鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质资源量,预测了油气资源的空间分布。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质资源量约为146.50×10~8 t,其中常规油资源量为116.50×10~8 t,致密油资源量为30.00×10~8 t;按层系分,三叠系石油资源量为137.20×10~8 t,侏罗系石油资源量为9.30×10~8 t。盆地剩余资源量为96.93×10~8 t,姬塬、陇东和志靖—安塞等地区,是长庆油田的规模储量区,仍然是未来勘探的主要区域。延长组长6、长8油层组和侏罗系是下一步勘探的重点层系;延长组下部的长9、长10油层组为新的目标层系;长7油层组致密油具有较大的勘探潜力。     

我国常规与非常规石油资源潜力 及未来重点勘探领域

油气资源是油气工业的基础,极大地关系到国民经济的发展。近年来,我国的石油勘探形势发生了明显的变化:年新增石油探明储量下降,石油年产量连续3年(2016—2018年)下降,2018年石油对外依存度高达73%。因此,亟需对油气资源状况开展全面客观的评价,夯实国内常规与非常规油气资源的基础,明确剩余油气资源的重点勘探领域与有利勘探方向。中石油以近十几年来取得的油气勘探成果、地质认识成果与资料积累成果为基础,攻关形成常规与非常规油气资源评价方法技术体系,针对中石油矿权区及全国主要含油气盆地系统开展了第四次油气资源评价。评价结果显示:我国常规石油地质资源量约为1080×10~8 t;非常规石油地质资源量为672.08×10~8 t,其中包括致密油125.80×10~8 t,油页岩油533.73×10~8t,油砂油12.55×10~8 t。陆上常规剩余石油资源主要分布在岩性-地层(碎屑岩)、复杂构造2大重点领域;海域石油资源主要集中在海域构造、生物礁和深水岩性3个领域。在剩余石油资源分析的基础上,优选出常规石油现实有利目标区带20个,致密油有利目标区带12个,油页岩油露天挖掘目标6个、原位改质目标4个,油砂油有利目标5个。     

哈萨克斯坦共和国油气地质资源分析

哈萨克斯坦共和国地处中亚并与我国接壤,石油天然气资源潜力巨大,陆上油、气可采储量分别为21亿吨和16000亿立方米,而海上油气资源更加丰富,目前已发现油气田200余个,包括油田、油气田、凝析气田和气田等多种油气组合,集中分布在哈萨克斯坦国西部各含油气省.该国含油气面积约为170万平方公里,滨里海、中里海-曼格什拉克和乌斯丘尔特沉积盆地具有十分丰富的油气资源,楚河-萨雷苏伊盆地和锡尔河盆地也有油气发现.     

冰上丝绸之路与北极油气资源

油气是重要的战略资源。其中天然气作为清洁能源,它曾经是,现在是,在可预期的未来——全球碳减排、中国碳达峰情景下,仍然是最重要的能源资源。能源进口渠道的多元化一直是中国缓解能源紧张的有效措施之一。北极地区油气资源丰富且以天然气为主,已发现的油气资源中绝大多数在俄罗斯,尤其是天然气。但是俄罗斯天然气生产的油气田80%以上已经进入北极圈。2012年,中俄合作开发北极亚马尔液化天然气项目正式启动,标志着中国参与北极油气资源开发利用取得重要进展,也事实上开启了中国主导的"丝绸之路经济带建设"和俄罗斯主导的"欧亚经济联盟建设"对接合作的进程。北极地区已发现的油气资源共计3289.4亿桶油当量,其中石油605.4亿桶（84.1亿吨）油当量,仅为全球已发现石油资源的2.5%;天然气41.4万亿立方米（约合2683亿桶,372.6亿吨油当量）,占全球已发现天然气资源的15.5%。北极地区已发现的油气总资源中绝大多数在俄罗斯,俄罗斯已发现的北极油气资源合计2905亿桶油当量（403.5亿吨）,占88.3%;其中天然气约39.47万亿立方米,约合2557.9亿桶（355.3亿吨）油当量,占北极地区已发现天然气总资源的95%以上。北极待发现的油气资源量也非常可观,约占世界待发现常规石油资源的15%;天然气占世界待发现常规天然气资源的30%,其分布也主要在俄罗斯。随着全球气候变暖和能源战略博弈,俄罗斯为确保其天然气出口及财政来源,必然要加大北极油气、特别是天然气的开采和开发,并通过北极航道运到中国和其他消费国。本文在概括分析北极油气资源分布特点、俄罗斯油气资源与北极战略及北方海航道通行能力的基础上,回顾了北极亚马尔液化天然气项目诞生、发展演变及其国际博弈的背景;概括介绍了中国成功介入北极油气资源项目这一标志性事件过程,并进一步提出了中国对北极油气资源利用战略举措的建议。      

Future copper resources

Concerns about future supplies of raw materials demand careful examination of underlying assumptions and data. Flawed deposit information, ignored undiscovered resources and questionable assumptions about future consumption require a new look at copper resources.A careful compilation of 1978 copper-bearing mineral deposits totals 2700 million metric tons of copper including past production—considerably more than reported in previous studies. About 69% of the copper is in porphyry copper deposits and 12% in sediment-hosted copper, Magmatic sulfide (mostly intrusive Ni) deposits account for 5.1%, and IOGC adds about 4.7%. VMS deposits represent 45% of the 1978 deposits but only 4.9% of the copper.The largest 20% of the deposits account for over 92% of the total copper metal. In other words, total Cu content in the smaller 1600 deposits is only about 8% of all Cu known in all deposits. This is a consequence of highly skewed frequency distributions of deposit tonnages and contained metals in all kinds of mineral deposits. This relationship is critical if one is concerned about long-term supply of copper. Typically, distributions of contained metal can be modeled well by the lognormal distribution for individual types of deposits.Information used here and in many other studies on copper includes past production. Total past production through 2015 is about 667 million tons Cu. After subtracting past production from the total copper in known deposits, the remaining unproduced copper from known deposits is 2030 million tons. Known deposits inform us about undiscovered copper resources.Over 80% of known copper is in porphyry copper and sediment-hosted copper deposits. A reliable and robust USGS managed global assessment of 225 tracts for porphyry Cu and sediment-hosted Cu produced an expected value estimate of 3500 million tons Cu in undiscovered deposits. Deposit types not assessed such as IOGC are likely to have significant amounts of undiscovered copper. If the proportion of total Cu accounted for by the two major deposit types assessed is the same proportion in all undiscovered deposits, total Cu expected in these other deposit types would add an additional 850 million tons. The reasonable estimate of copper in undiscovered mineral deposits of 4350 million tons when added to the unmined 2030 million tons in known deposits provides an estimate of 6380 million of tons Cu, which far exceeds estimates published by other researchers.Growth in copper production appears to be exponential over time but appears to be linear with respect to population. Demand for copper is not driven by time, but rather by population and per capita income. Rates of population increases are slowing and incomes in many countries are increasing. Per capita consumption of copper will increase over the coming years as populous nations such as China and India develop increasing per capita incomes, but the demand will likely level off as their economies improve. The large estimated copper resources along with evidence of slowing demand for copper over the long term considerably extend the time of “peak copper” and the long mine life of large deposits means the decline in production after will not be rapid. The focus of copper supply concerns should be on important problems such as improving recovery rates, careful consideration of the benefits and costs of mining very large deposits, technologies to increase exploration success in covered areas and reducing costs of underground mining.     

塔里木叠合盆地待发现可采油气资源初步预测及评价

油气资源评价单元的划分是盆地油气资源定量评价的核心,而盆地的含油气系统又为限定评价单元之基础。以复合油气系统原理和方法为指导,油气源对比判识为手段,以寻找各供烃中心和油气藏之间成因关系为目的,重新划分了塔里木盆地4个复合油气系统和5个评价单元。在详尽分析评价单元油气勘探历史和发现历史基础上,结合已发现或落实的圈闭数量和规模,利用第七逼近法和蒙特卡罗法,对塔里木盆地已知油气系统中评价单元进行了油气资源与油气田规模、数量的定量预测评价。研究表明,塔里木盆地待发现石油可采资源量11.43×108t,预测油田数量94个,86%集中在台盆区下古生界海相评价单元;预测待发现天然气可采资源量21000×108m3,气田数量104个,58%集中在库车前陆评价单元。塔里木盆地有近91%的石油、84%的天然气资源等待发现,是我国陆上资源发现程度较低的盆地,也是我国未来油气储量增长最重要的盆地。     

中国油页岩资源现状

2004～2006年我国首次开展了全国性油页岩资源评价工作。为了更好地揭示我国油页岩的分布规律及特征,按不同地区、不同层系、不同含油率、不同埋深和不同地理环境进行了归类汇总。评价结果表明,我国油页岩资源丰富,分布范围广,分布在20个省和自治区、47个盆地,共有80个含矿区。全国油页岩资源为7 199.37 亿t,页岩油资源为476.44 亿t,页岩油可回收资源为119.79 亿t。全国油页岩主要集中分布在东部区和中部区,东部区油页岩资源为3 442.48 亿t,中部区油页岩资源为1 609.64 亿t,青藏区油页岩资源为1 203.20 亿t,西部区油页岩资源为749.94 亿t,南方区油页岩资源为194.61 亿t,分别占全国油页岩资源的48％、22％、17％、10％和3％。全国油页岩主要集中分布在中、新生界,其中,中生界油页岩资源为5 597.92 亿t,新生界油页岩资源为1 052.31 亿t,分别占全国油页岩资源的77.76％和14.62％,油页岩形成时代从西北至东南方向逐渐变新。我国油页岩含油率中等偏好,其中含油率＞5％～10％的油页岩资源为2 664.35 亿t,含油率＞10％的油页岩资源为1 266.94 亿t,分别占全国油页岩资源的37％和18％。我国油页岩埋藏深度较浅,埋深在0～500 m之间的油页岩资源为4 663.51 亿t,埋深在500～1 000 m之间的油页岩资源为2 535.86 亿t,分别占全国油页岩资源的64.78％和35.22％。我国油页岩主要分布在平原和黄土塬地区,分布在平原地区的油页岩资源为3 256.53 亿t,分布于黄土塬地区的油页岩资源为1 562.86 亿t,分别占全国油页岩资源的45％和21％。油页岩资源巨大的盆地有:松辽盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、准噶尔盆地,占全国油页岩资源的76.79％。     

Bayesian estimation of undiscovered pool sizes using the discovery record

This paper presents a Bayesian version of the classical model of Kaufman et al. for the order of discovery of hydrocarbon pools and the distribution of their sizes in a geologically homogeneous area. Using the model, a Bayesian method is developed for estimating the distribution of the size of the undiscovered pools using the information from the discovery record. This method avoids most of the arbitrary choices required by the modified maximum likelihood method developed by Lee and Wang. As an example, this method is applied to the same Bashaw reef data on which Lee and Wang demonstrated their approach. For this case, the Bayesian approach produces sharly lower estimates of undiscovered resources.     

苏北盆地油气资源潜力与勘探方向

苏北盆地油气资源以油为主，石油资源总量近7亿t，其中未成熟油占了30％左右，资源丰度相对较低，平均为2．75万t／km^2，而高邮、溱潼等凹陷资源相对富集，达到7．02万t／km^2～3．48万t/km^2。勘探证实盆地石油资源大部分分布在上述凹陷内，主要赋存在三垛组、戴南组、阜宁组、泰州组，且主要分布在1000m～3000m深度带内。作为勘探成熟凹陷，高邮、溱潼、金湖凹陷勘探开发逐渐步人中后期，资源探明率均在30％以上，迫切需要有新发现、新增储量以实现油田生产的平稳接替。从勘探潜力分析看，一些有利油气聚集区带尚具较大潜力。     

中非铜钴成矿带地质特征与找矿前景分析

[研究目的]横跨刚果(金)和赞比亚边境地区的中非铜钴成矿带是世界上著名的沉积岩层控型铜钴成矿带,是全球第三大铜产地和第一大钴产地,然而其成矿规律和成矿潜力仍不明朗.[研究方法]本文通过对中非铜钴成矿带地质背景、构造演化与成矿、矿床时空分布规律、矿床模型等方面的研究,选择地层、构造、地球化学、遥感蚀变等与成矿密切相关的地...     

Mineral resource appraisal and mineral deposits computer files in the Geological Survey of Canada

The Geological Survey of Canada (G.S.C.) has been involved in national appraisal of resources of certain commodities for nearly two decades beginning with a national study of iron deposits in 1955. In 1972, the first national appraisal to rapidly estimate total resources of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mo, and U in Canada was carried out largely by economic geologists. This exercise produced, among other things, a better definition of G.S. C. needs for building computer files in support of mineral deposits studies and mineral resource appraisal. Objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) to outline general methodology for the kind of mineral resource appraisal carried out by the G.S.C. in 1972; (2) to identify types of information required in that appraisal; and (3) to indicate types of information on mineral deposits for which it seems advantageous for the G.S.C. to construct computer files, and how these files relate to mineral resource appraisal. Methodology is fairly straightforward for appraisal of reserves (known, measured resources), but is much more problematic for appraisal of undiscovered resources. For the latter, G.S.C. economic geologists make use of two basic concepts: the deposit model, which is a generalized deposit type, distinguished by its geological attributes and host rock environment, and containing characteristic amounts of specified commodities; and the metallogenic region, which is a geographic area of more or less homogeneous geology deemed favorable for the presence of a particular deposit model. Background information required for appraisal of undiscovered resources includes the following: (a) data on distribution and geology of Canadian deposits and occurrences; (6) data on geology of important, foreign deposits; (c) knowledge of Canadian geology, commensurate with metallogenic requirements; (d) knowledge of current theories of ore-forming processes; and (e) appreciation of the amount, location, and effectiveness of past exploration in Canada. At present, only identity, location, and certain simple geological features of Canadian deposits are considered practical for a general computer file of mineral deposits. The fundamental activity of the G.S.C. in the sphere of mineral deposits is a number of broad studies on the geology of certain commodities in Canada carried out by economic geologists. Appraisal of mineral resources is based directly on the results of those studies, and is done by the same economic geologists. Construction of G.S.C. computer files is in response to needs defined by economic geologists, mainly in the context of their broad studies.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.