福建三沙湾浮性鱼卵和仔、稚鱼的分布

本文根据1990年2～11月在三沙湾海域分别进行4个季节调查的资料,对三沙湾鱼卵和仔、稚鱼的种类组成、丰度和主要种类的分布进行研究和探讨.结果表明,本海区共出现鱼卵和仔、稚鱼26种,分别隶属于17科22属.在数量上,鱼卵最高值出现在春季（5月）,其中鱼卵丰度较高的种类是真鲷、带鱼、鲾和康氏小公鱼等种类.仔稚鱼以夏季丰度最高,并以鰕虎鱼丰度（71.8%）最高.在分布上,鱼卵的丰度以三都岛东北部和东吾洋海域最高,仔稚鱼以三都岛东部最为密集.这表明本海区的鱼类的主要产卵季节是春季和夏季.其数量、分布与水温及桡足类的分布关系密切.     

2009年葫芦岛附近海域鱼卵仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布

2009年5、8、10和12月,利用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物水平和垂直拖网对葫芦岛海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布进行了4个季度的调查。调查结果表明:4个季度共采到鱼卵44粒,仔稚鱼79尾,共鉴定出13个种,隶属于6目10科11属,其中有2种舌鳎类的鱼卵未能鉴定到种。优势种为赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、沙氏下鱵鱼(Hyporhamphus sajo-ri)、绯(Callionymus beniteguri)。春季垂直拖网采集到5粒鱼卵、8尾仔稚鱼。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的出现频率分别为25%和33.33%,平均密度分别为24.272和38.835ind/100m3;夏季水平和垂直拖网分别采集31粒鱼卵、47尾仔稚鱼和5粒鱼卵、24尾仔稚鱼,鱼卵、仔稚鱼的出现频率分别为100%、66.67%和20%、73.33%,平均密度分别为4.463、6.767ind/100m2和17.934、86.083ind/100m3;秋季和冬季都仅在水平拖网采到鱼卵,出现频率分别为10%和25%,密度分别为0.259和0.324ind/100m2。分析结果表明:随着季节的变化,暖水种、暖温种、冷温种间出现交替。春、秋、冬季鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)平均值均较低,且各值均低于夏季,说明夏季种类结构相对其余3季稳定,多样性指数高、种类组成复杂、种间分布较均匀。本研究结果与该海域1998年同期(5、8月)调查结果在数量分布上有明显差异,鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布发生了显著变化。     

黄河口水域春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布

本文旨在查明目前黄河口水域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和数量变化,为进一步研究鱼类资源早期补充、种群动态以及制定合理的渔业资源养护措施提供基础资料。根据2013年8月、2014年5月在黄河口及其邻近水域进行的鱼卵、仔稚鱼的调查数据,研究了该水域5、8月鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布,分析了鱼卵、仔稚鱼优势种数量分布与水温、盐度等环境因子的关系。研究表明,本次调查获得鱼卵25 613粒,隶属于12科13属15种(未定种1种);仔稚鱼369尾,隶属于4科7属9种(未定种1种)。5月鱼卵优势种为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa chefuensis)和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus),密集区分布在黄河口北部近岸海域,分布在密集区的种类以日本鳀和赤鼻棱鳀为主;8月鱼卵优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama),其鱼卵主要集中分布于北部近岸海域,南部水域的部分站位也有鱼卵密集,密集区内的种类以短吻红舌鳎和多鳞鱚为主。5月仔稚鱼优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和赤鼻棱鳀等,仔稚鱼主要集中分布于黄河口南部海域,密集区以赤鼻棱鳀和矛尾虾虎鱼为主;8月仔稚鱼数量极少,无明显优势种。Pearson相关分析表明,除5月赤鼻棱鳀鱼卵数量与表层水温呈显著正相关外,其他优势种鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量与表层水温、表层盐度均无显著相关性。与历史同期调查结果相比,该水域5、8月鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布均发生了一定的变化。带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和鳓(Ilisha elongate)等传统经济鱼类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼少见,以日本鳀、赤鼻棱鳀和斑鰶等小型中上层鱼类为主要优势种;黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangeri)等鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度低。     

泉州市三个海湾浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点

本文根据2007年3月至2008年2月期间在泉州地区3个海湾的调查资料,对其浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点进行初步研究和探讨．结果表明,本调查海域共出现鱼卵和仔稚鱼51种（含未定种）,隶属于21科,主要是近岸底层鱼类、近海中上层鱼类和港湾河口型鱼类三个生态类型．各站鱼卵总平均丰度是81．2彬网,仔稚鱼总平均丰度31．0个／网．数量平面分布呈现优势种明显,占总量比例大,不同季节不同海湾差别较大,规律性不强等特点．整体数量上与往年比有下降趋势．     

浙江瓯江口海域游泳动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

瓯江口海域是传统的浙江省渔业资源栖息地,现今受高强度人为扰动的影响。为了解瓯江口海域游泳动物群落组成和多样性特征,采用单拖网方法对瓯江口春季(3月)和秋季(11月)游泳动物进行调查,并对其群落组成、生物多样性、资源密度和时空分布格局及主要影响因子等进行了研究。调查结果显示,研究海域共采集到游泳动物78种,其中鱼类有36种、甲壳动物28种、头足类3种。游泳动物优势种春季有9种,秋季有6种;两个季节共同优势种有4种。春季的渔获物的丰度远低于秋季,而春季的生物量则与秋季相差不大。基于丰度和生物量的多样性指数(H’)、均匀度指数(J’)和丰富度指数(d)均为秋季高于春季。在瓯江口海域,水体悬浮物是影响游泳动物群落多样性和丰富度的最重要的环境因子。通过对浙江瓯江口海域游泳动物群落特征及其与环境因子的内在关联的研究,有望为瓯江口海域渔业资源变迁特征和资源养护管理决策提供基础数据和科学依据。     

胶州湾鱼卵、仔鱼和稚鱼的分布

2003年1月-2004年1月在胶州湾海域逐月进行连续13个航次的调查,对胶州湾鱼卵、仔鱼和稚鱼的种类组成、丰度和主要种类的分布进行了研究。结果表明,采集到的鱼卵均为浮性鱼卵。鱼卵丰度最高值出现在8月(5.02粒/m3),次之为5月(4.97粒/m3)。共采集到仔、稚鱼10种,隶属9科10属,优势种为刺鱼叚虎鱼、斑鱼祭和玉筋鱼。根据出现的季节和出现时间的长短,将仔、稚鱼分为暖季类群、暖季短时类群和冷季类群三种类群。暖季类群较冷季类群占有明显的优势。暖季短时类群的种数、丰度和站位出现率都比较低。仔、稚鱼的丰度、种数的季节变化显著,最大值均出现在6月份,丰度是16.34尾/m3,种数为7种,与海水月平均温度的季节变化节律基本一致。     

春季珠江口水域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布及其与环境因子的关系

根据2004~2007年春季珠江口水域10个站位的鱼卵和仔稚鱼调查资料,着重就鱼卵和仔稚鱼的数量分布和年际变化及其与环境因子的相关关系进行研究.结果表明：其鱼卵和仔稚鱼隶属于9目33科58种（类）,以鲈形目种类数所占比例最高（为53.4%）,其次为鲱形目（为20.7%）.鱼卵和仔稚鱼大致分成半咸水性、近岸性和近海性3个生态类群.鱼卵和仔稚鱼优势种类共9种,其中鱼卵优势种为6种,仔稚鱼的也为6种.青洲附近水域是春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼的最主要分布区域之一.鱼卵和仔稚鱼数量的年际变化明显,鱼卵和仔稚鱼个体数量的最大值均出现在2006年.水温、pH值和溶解氧含量是影响鱼卵个体数量的较显著因子,盐度和溶解氧含量为影响仔稚鱼个体数量的较显著因子.盐度、pH值及溶解氧、悬浮物、叶绿素a含量对鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类数均有不同程度的影响.     

福建省主要海湾浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与丰度分布

根据2007年8月至2009年10月期间在福建省主要海湾的调查资料,对其浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点进行初步研究和探讨.结果表明,本调查海域共出现鱼卵和仔稚鱼68种,隶属于29科,主要是近海中上层鱼类、浅海底层鱼类和港湾河口型鱼类3个生态类型.各站鱼卵总平均丰度是497.5粒/网,仔稚鱼总平均丰度50.8个/网.优势种明显,占总量比例大;不同季节和不同海湾的种类数相差不大;数量平面分布呈现不同季节不同海湾差别较大,规律性不强,偶然性大等特点.     

莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及多样性的季节变化

为了解鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种群动态以及生物多样性的变化规律,2014?2015年利用大型浮游生物网对莱州湾海域20个站位进行表层水平拖网调查。4个航次共采获鱼卵135 275粒,仔稚鱼2 456尾,隶属于9目16科20属。鱼卵、仔稚鱼主要种类变化依次从春季的鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和鰉(Liza haematocheilus),到夏季的赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)和布氏银汉鱼(Allanetta bleekeri),到秋季的大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius),再到冬季的长绵鳚(Zoarces elongatus)。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布以及群落多样性随季节变化,其中,夏季的丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H′)最高,秋季均匀度指数(J′)最高。鱼卵、仔稚鱼从春季到夏季的种类更替率最小。利用R语言聚类树的融合水平值定义划分水平,选择具有最大跳跃的分组水平,将鱼卵、仔稚鱼分为春组、夏秋组和冬组3个组群,春组和夏秋组、春组和冬组主要分歧种均为鳀,夏秋组和冬组主要分歧种为长绵鳚和赤鼻棱鳀。本研究补充了莱州湾海域鱼类早期补充资源的基础数据,旨在为莱州湾渔业资源评估和养护提供依据。     

黄河口近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成及群落结构特征

为了解调水调沙期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的动态变化,作者分别于2011年和2018年黄河调水调沙期间（6月—7月）,利用大型浮游生物网对该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行表层水平拖网调查。结果表明：2011年3个航次共采集鱼卵1 280粒,仔稚鱼5 973尾,隶属于7目11科13属;2018年3个航次共采集鱼卵4 104粒,仔稚鱼237尾,隶属于7目11科13属。优势种以斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）等短生命周期、低营养层级的小型中上层鱼类为主。靠近黄河入海口处站位的鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度相对较高,鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布范围向黄河入海口门处集中。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的多样性指数在调水调沙过程中出现波动,过后又恢复至调水调沙前水平。环境因子Pearson相关性分析表明,鱼卵数量与环境因子间无显著相关性（P0.05）,仔稚鱼数量与叶绿素a的含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.870,P<0.01）。两个年度调查结果对比发现,总体来说调查期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类数变化不大,在适温类型组成上均以暖温种为主;2018年鱼卵、仔稚鱼采集数量均小于2011年,但是鱼卵、仔稚鱼的均匀度指数（J’）和多样性指数（H’）均大于2011年,除6月上旬航次外,其他两个航次丰富度指数（D）也均大于2011年。本研究补充了黄河口及邻近海域鱼类早期补充资源的基础数据,旨为黄河口邻近海域及渤海的渔业资源评估和养护提供依据。     

厦门港及邻近海域的浮性鱼卵和仔,稚鱼

本文报道厦门岛区和大嶝岛区海域浮性鱼卵和仔，稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布。其记录４４种鱼类，其中有８个主要种类，鱼卵和仔，稚鱼和总密度季节变化较大，均以冬，春季高，夏秋季低。     

Composition and ecological distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf

Surveys were conducted in four seasons in the eastern Beibu Gulf from July 2006 to November 2007,to determine the ichthyoplankton composition,abundance,as well as environmental factors impacted on their spatiotemporal distributions.The fish eggs and larvae were sorted from 303 zooplankton quantitative samples,in which at least 1 order,60 families,31 genera and 61 species of fish eggs and larvae were identified.The species number was highest in summer whereas lowest in winter.With the most abundant fish egg (the average density was 2.41 ind./m 3),spring was the main spawning season,while the greatest mean density of fish larva was 1.35 ind./m 3 in summer.In the whole year around,fish eggs had the trends to aggregate in the nearshore of Guangxi coast,fish larvae were more abundant in the northern water.Relationships between fish eggs and larvae abundance and environmental factors were analyzed by using the Yield-Density model.The spatiotemporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf was closely related to the Chl a concentration,and the optimal temperature,salinity and Chl a were 19.4-21.7 C,31.8-33.1 and 1.5-4.8 mg/m 3,respectively.Additionally,the distribution of fish larvae could be effected by ocean currents in summer and autumn.     

Spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary,China in 2005–2016

Decreasing fish resources in estuaries is a subject of anthropogenic activities. Studies of the spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae can help identify the status and processes underlying recruitment in a fishery. As the fifth largest river estuary in the world, the Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary (HRE) is a typical estuary that has been seriously aff ected by human activities. Annual surveys on ichthyoplankton and environmental factors were conducted in the months of May of 2005 and 2009-2016 in the HRE to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae and the associated infl uencing factors. A total of 23 and 20 species of eggs and larvae, respectively, were collected. The dominant orders were Perciformes (51.2%) and Clupeiformes (25.6%). The average number of fish species eggs and larvae were 6.0 and 4.1 in average abundance of 0.91 and 0.13 ind./m^3 , respectively. The dominant species were mainly low-commercial-value small-sized fishes, such as Clupanodon punctatus , Harengula zunasi, and Acanthogobius, whereas certain traditional commercial fishes, such as Trichiurus lepturus , and Clupea pallasii, were not seen. Analysis of the fish egg and larval community revealed four temporal assemblages and two spatial assemblages. Salinity was the main factor on the spatial distribution of ichthyoplankton communities, the species number and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H′) of the fish egg and larval community near the river mouth with lower salinity were signifi cantly lower than the community far away from the river mouth with higher salinity. In addition, increases of water temperature promoted the number and abundance of fish species eggs, and the areas of abundant prey tended to have a more diversified and abundant of ichthyoplankton species. In overall, overfishing, dam construction, and other human activities were the main drivers that led to the substantial decline in fishery resources in the HRE.     

浙江舟山近海仔稚鱼时空动态变化及与环境因子的关系

为探明舟山近海海域仔稚鱼丰度的分布、出现概率及与环境因素的综合关系,进一步研究该海域渔业资源的补充机制,根据2019年3、4、7、11月在舟山近海海域开展的4个航次仔稚鱼生态调查资料,研究了舟山近海仔稚鱼的出现概率、群落结构(种类组成及优势种数量)的动态变化,探讨仔稚鱼群落的季节变化和对环境变化的响应,以及环境变化对仔稚鱼补充量的影响。结果显示:空间上,调查海区水深范围5～50 m,仔稚鱼集中分布于水深10～20m的近岸河口岛礁区;时间上的季节变化比较大,春夏季丰度高,冬季少。GLM模型结果显示:近岸河口型仔稚鱼在近岸出现的概率为0.65～0.95,在近海出现的概率为0.26～0.60;近海型仔稚鱼在近岸出现的概率为0.12～0.34,在近海出现的概率为0.32～0.54。仔稚鱼优势种春夏季各出现1种,秋冬季各出现2种,全年仔稚鱼优势种有4种。数量分布为:仔稚鱼种类数春季(19种)、夏季(16种)、秋季(10种)、冬季(5种),具有明显的季节性变化。按种类适温属性划分,调查海区仅出现暖温性和暖水性两种,其中暖温性15种(占已知适温类型种类的60%),暖水性10种(占40%);按生态类型...     

Changes in the species composition and ichthyoplankton abundance along transects in the Baltic Sea

Correlations have been revealed between the distribution of the different ichthyoplankton species and the fluctuations of the environmental factors along transects in the Baltic Sea during the autumn of 2005 and spring and autumn of 2006. The early ontogenetic stages of the cod and other bottom fish species were confined to the Bornholm Basin located in the southwestern part of the sea with near-bottom salinity of more than 16?? and the absence of an oxygen deficiency in the isohaline zone of 11?C14??. Eggs and larvae of the Baltic sprat were distributed in June throughout all the deep-sea regions with near-bottom water salinity of no less than 8%., up to the western Gulf of Finland. In the spring of 2006, the abundance of sprat eggs was found to drop significantly compared with the average long-term data for the recent period; this was due to the cold winter of 2006.     

Temporal occurrence of ichthyoplankton in relation to hydrographic and biological variables at a fixed station in the St Lawrence Estuary

Spring to autumn temporal distributions of ichthyoplankton and other oceanographic variables were measured at three nearshore stations in the lower St Lawrence Estuary in 1977 and 1978. The seasonal occurrence of various species of fish eggs and larvae was similar from one year to the next. Inshore-offshore gradients in abundance of eggs and larvae of different species appeared to be primarily related to the spawning location of each species. The semidiurnal variability was considerably less than the week-to-week variability in all physical and biological variables measured. The weekly variability is predominantly a function of spatiotemporal interactions, due to the geographic displacement of different water masses and their associated plankton in relation to the neap-spring tidal cycle. The timing and duration of spawning for each common species, inferred from ichthyoplankton distributions, suggest a unique combination of spawning and hatching times, ensuring a succession in the occurrence of larvae through time. Results of the temporal and spatial distributions of the different species of ichthyoplankton are discussed in terms of reduced competitive interactions. The relationship between ichthyoplankton distributions and the plankton production cycle in the St Lawrence Estuary is discussed in comparison with other areas.