湖北秭归庙河早寒武世水井沱组燧石层中的微化石

本文首次报道了湖北秭归庙河早寒武世水井沱组底部,燧石层岩石薄片中发现的徽化石9个属、9个种和3个未定种(包括1个新种)。依据这些化石材料,论证了本区水井沱组底部这一化石层位可能相当梅树村阶小壳化石第2—3组合带。为解决本区震旦系—寒武系界线地层的对比,提供了极为重要的古生物依据。     

遗迹化石与梅树村剖面震旦系—寒武系界线及其与小壳化石的关系

滇东梅树村剖面震旦系—寒武系界线层中产有大量遗迹化石。本文通过对前人研究成果的总结,基本弄清了遗迹化石在剖面上的分布规律、演化特点,并由此证实了利用遗迹化石进行震旦系—寒武系界线划分的可行性。在此基础上,提出了震旦系—寒武系界线,应划在节肢动物三叶虫遗迹和(或)复杂的非三叶虫遗迹第一次大量出现的层位之底的划分方案。根据此方案,梅树村剖面的达条界线应划在中谊村段第7层之底。同时根据该剖面小壳化石的研究成果,讨论了遗迹化石和共生小壳化石的演化关系,发现二者的繁盛期是同时的。     

中国梅树村阶小壳化石组合及遗迹化石序列

选择层型剖面,确定前寒武系——寒武系界线,是目前国际地层学领域中的重大课题之一。本文主要介绍我国近年来研究小壳化石组合及遗迹化石序列的成果,指出这些成果对确定国际及我国震旦系——寒武系界线的重要意义。文中简略回顾了我国研究寒武纪最早期带壳化石及震旦系——寒武系界线的历史,指出我国是开展这一学科的较早的国家之一,而滇东又是它的发源地。对小壳化石的涵义进行了厘订,认为必须赋以时代概念。建立了我国梅树村阶的三个小壳化石组合,讨论了它们的特征及主要组成。首次建立了我国梅树村阶遗迹化石序列的四个序次,代表古陆边缘浅水环境中含磷岩系的遗迹化石序列,讨论了它们与带壳化石及其它化石之间的联系,并就其中发现的具有全球性对比意义的二属,阐明梅树村阶遗迹化石序列的重要地位。最后,作者根据地科联前寒武系——寒武系界线工作组确立的原则,讨论了中国震旦系——寒武系界线的划分和对比。文中对小壳化石来划分这条界线的理论根据、“爆发式”出现的理解以及生物带壳演化的原因和同时性进行了概略的讨论。并提供了含小壳化石地层的同位素年龄、古地磁测定资料。     

滇东、川中地区震旦系——寒武系界线附近的遗迹化石

本文描述的遗迹化石采自滇东地区和四川中部峨眉、乐山地区的震旦系—寒武系界线附近。经鉴定有23个遗迹属、31个遗迹种,其中两个新遗迹属、5个新遗迹种。在系统描述的基础上,还进行了遗迹化石的习性类型解释。这些习性类型包括觅食迹、牧食迹、居住迹和游泳迹。     

云南梅树村震旦系—寒武系边界层水平状遗迹化石形态功能分析和环境意义

云南省梅树村震旦系—寒武系界线层型剖面中有丰富的遗迹化石。根据造迹生物的行为方式,将化石分为停息迹、居住迹、觅食迹和行移迹四大类。在形态上有单槽型、双槽型、分枝型、环圈型、简单潜穴型。对剖面中自下而上遗迹化石形态和组合特征的分析,认为本区的环境演变经历了潮间—潮下浅水—潮间—潮下较深水的变化过程。     

陕西宁强晚震旦世晚期高家山生物群的发现和初步研究

高家山生物群主要由后生动物实体和遗迹化石组成,并见宏观藻类与其共生。它主要产生于上震旦统灯影组高家山段,时限约为650百万年左右,是埃迪卡拉期内的生物群。本文初步描述了蠕形动物、球壳类和似水母化石计5属13种(新属1个,新种7个),遗迹化石12属15种(新属2个,新种4个);宏观藻2属2种。建立了三个化石组合。高家山生物群的发现和建立,不仅丰富了震旦纪生物群的组合面貌,而且对生物进化和生物活动规律,对寒武系和震旦系界线的确定都具有实际意义。生物化石的黄铁矿化,为深入研究生物化石的遗迹学、埋藏学,也提供了有利条件。     

陕西宁强晚震旦世晚期高家山生物群的发现和初步研究

高家山生物群主要由后生动物实体和遗迹化石组成,并见宏观藻类与其共生。它主要产生于上震旦统灯影组高家山段,时限约为650百万年左右,是埃迪卡拉期内的生物群。本文初步描述了蠕形动物、球壳类和似水母化石计5属13种(新属1个,新种7个),遗迹化石12属15种(新属2个,新种4个);宏观藻2属2种。建立了三个化石组合。高家山生物群的发现和建立,不仅丰富了震旦纪生物群的组合面貌,而且对生物进化和生物活动规律,对寒武系和震旦系界线的确定都具有实际意义。生物化石的黄铁矿化,为深入研究生物化石的遗迹学、埋藏学,也提供了有利条件。     

四川峨眉、甘洛等地寒武纪早期的遗迹化石

四川西部峨眉、甘洛等地是我国研究寒武系与震旦系界线重要地区之一。近年来在该区震旦系上统上部至寒武系下统最低三叶虫化石层位以下,发现了各种不同类型的遗迹化石。它们从寒武系底部向上,逐渐丰富多样,并与小壳动物化石同时存在,为地层的划分、对比和沉积相的分     

梅树村剖面研究的回顾与展望

云南晋宁梅树村剖面是我国下寒武统梅树村阶及震旦系——寒武系界线层型剖面,也是全球前寒武系——寒武系界线层型剖面和界线点的中国候选剖面。该剖面位于昆阳磷矿区,北距昆明市区65公里。该区是我国研究震且系——寒武系界线的重要地点之一。早在1939年,程裕祺首次发现中邑村磷矿,并在磷矿层中观察到“类似三叶虫活动颊”的生物化石     

辽东半鸟南部寒武系与奥陶系的界线

在辽南瓦房店市长兴岛镇二龙山、长岭子等地的寒武纪—奥陶纪冶里组上部首次发现Saukia,Calvinella等属种的化石,确定了Saukia—Calvinella组合带,为晚寒武世凤山阶最顶部的化石带。此外在该带之上采到了微体化石Ulahconusbeimadaoensis,该化石属种为奥陶纪早期的标准分子。据此重新厘定了辽南地区寒武系与奥陶系的界线。     

西秦岭二叠纪－三叠纪遗迹化石及其环境意义

本文系统描述和研究了西秦岭合作至夏河间晚二叠世和临潭至岷县以南早、中三叠世复理石相中发现的遗迹化石,并得出以下认识：１）各遗迹组合都属与浊流有关的深海“Ｎｅｒｅｉｔｅｓ”遗迹相,都不具远洋沉积中遗迹组合特征;２）各遗迹组合所指示的海水深度都介于深水斜坡环境的中等水深范围内,最深不超过２０００ｍ;３）早三叠世遗迹化石潜穴管普遍细于中三叠世,表明前者属水体循环差的缺氧环境,后者为开放型海盆;４）根据遗迹组合空间分布的差异,认为在三叠纪时北特提斯北缘的深水斜坡带的海水深度呈现出西深东浅的变化趋势。     

西秦岭二叠纪－三叠纪遗迹化石及其环境意义

本文系统描述和研究了西秦岭合作至夏河间晚二叠世和临潭至岷县以南早、中三叠世复理石相中发现的遗迹化石,并得出以下认识:1)各遗迹组合都属与浊流有关的深海“Nereites”遗迹相,都不具远洋沉积中遗迹组合特征;2)各遗迹组合所指示的海水深度都介于深水斜坡环境的中等水深范围内,最深不超过2000m;3)早三叠世遗迹化石潜穴管普遍细于中三叠世,表明前者属水体循环差的缺氧环境,后者为开放型海盆;4)根据遗迹组合空间分布的差异,认为在三叠纪时北特提斯北缘的深水斜坡带的海水深度呈现出西深东浅的变化趋势。     

Discovery of Trace Fossils from the Sinian—Cambrian Boundary Beds in Eastern Yunnan and Their Significance for Global Correlation1

Abstract There are abundant and highly varied trace fossils in the Sinian—Cambrian boundary beds in eastern Yunnan. Collections from 27 sections and their study give altogether 45 ichnogenera and 87 ichnospecies. Among them, 2 ichnogenera and 7 ichnospecies are new, and 31 known ichnogenera and 38 known ichnospecies first found in the region. According to their order of appearance in the boundary beds and their assemblage features, the trace fossils in the Sinian—Cambrian boundary beds in the region may fall into 4 trace fossil assemblage zones in ascending order. In the paper they are correlated with those in the equivalent horizons abroad and their geological significance is discussed preliminarily.     

Discovery of Trace Fossils from the Sinian-Cambrian Boundary Beds in Eastern Yunnan and Their Significance for Global Correlation

There are abundant and highly varied trace fossils in the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in eastern Yunnan. Collections from 27 sections and their study give altogether 45 ichnogenera and 87 ichnospecies. Among them, 2 ichnogenera and 7 ichnospecies are new, and 31 known ichnogenera and 38 known ichnospecies first found in the region. According to their order of appearance in the boundary beds and their assemblage features, the trace fossils in the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in the region may fall into 4 trace fossil assemblage zones in ascending order. In the paper they are correlated with those in the equivalent horizons abroad and their geological significance is discussed preliminarily.     

A Review of the Tetrapod Track Record in China,with Special Reference to Type Ichnospecies:Implications for Ichnotaxonomy and Paleobiology

<正>"Splitting" and "lumping" are perpetual problems in vertebrate,especially dinosaur, ichnotaxonomy.Chinese dinosaur ichnotaxonomy,which began in 1940,provides a series of interesting case studies,highlighting the dual problems of historical and dubious ichnotaxonomy. Chinese Mesozoic tetrapod track types have been placed into 63 ichnospecies(one Triassic,28 Jurassic,and 34 Cretaceous),exclusive of other,non-type ichnospecies or ichnotaxa identified from China.Fifty-two(～83%) of these 63 tetrapod ichnospecies were placed in monospecific ichnogenera. At the ichnogenus level,we prune—either by recognizing nomina dubia or by synonymy—17 from the list of 53 dinosaurian ichnogenera(a 32%reduction),leaving 36 ichnotaxa that we consider valid. Most of the cuts affect Jurassic theropod ichnotaxa,which are reduced from 23 to only nine because most ichnogenera are subjective junior synonyms of Grallator and Eubrontes.Fewer Chinese Cretaceous ichnotaxa(only six of 21 ichnogenera) are obvious nomina dubia or subjective synonyms, suggesting greater east Asian endemism during this time.Because ichnospecies differences are subtle, we provisionally retain ichnospecies as valid pending detailed comparative analyses of congeneric ichnospecies.This synthesis is long overdue and is necessary to address problems of historical and provincial ichnotaxonomy,which severely hamper comparisons of tetrapod ichnofaunas in space and time.     

Bioerosion on Late Pleistocene Marine Mollusks: A Paleoclimatological and Paleoecological Comparison of MIS 7 and MIS 5e with Modern Beaches (Río Negro, Argentina)

The Late Pleistocene littoral ridges of southern South America, especially those of the north of Argentinean Patagonia, contain remains of mollusk shells with bioerosion traces. Eleven sites from marine isotope stages (2 from MIS 7, 4 from MIS 5e) and five sites from modern beaches from northern Río Negro Province, with 40 taxa (17 bivalves and 23 gastropods) were analyzed, in the area between west of Baliza San Matías and Las Grutas (41°S). Three ichnogenera were identified in deposits of MIS 7: Entobia, Gastrochaenolites (Domichnia) and Oichnus (Praedichnia) with one ichnospecies (G. torpedo). Six ichnogenera were identified in deposits of MIS 5e: Entobia, Meandropolydora, Pinaceocladichnus, Iramena, Caulostrepsis and Oichnus with one ichnospecies (O. simplex). Seven ichnogenera were identified from modern beaches: Entobia, Meandropolydora, Iramena, Caulostrepsis, Pinaceocladichnus, Gastrochaenolites (Domichnia) and Oichnus (Praedicnia), with two ichnospecies (O. simplex and O. paraboloides). On this basis, it is inferred that Pleistocene benthic communities were constituted from cheilostome bryzoans and polychaete annelids, together with drilling bivalves, predatory gastropods and overall warm-water species of mollusks. Of these, Chama iudicai was found on Plicatula gibbosa from MIS 7 and MIS 5e. The record of warm temperature species suggests a higher sea surface temperature (SST) than the present one and/or the influence of the warm southward Brazilian Current affecting the waters of Golfo San Matías. On the modern beaches surveyed, there is an increase in polychaete annelids, cheilostome bryzoans, temperate-cold species and drilling bivalves, as well as sandy substrate species, which together with an increase of Gastrochaenolites and Caulostrepsis, suggest a colder climate due to the greater influence of the Malvinas Current during the Holocene.     

华南泥盆纪遗迹化石及遗迹相

通过对华南泥盆系6条剖面(四川北川甘溪、广西横县六景、广西桂林杨堤、贵州独山大河口—白虎坡、贵州贵阳乌当、四川广元后高坪)的遗迹沉积学系统研究,鉴定和描述遗迹化石15属24种,包括Arenicolites carbonaria,Arenicolites isp.,Chondrites cf.intricatus,Cho...     

藏南(萨噶-江孜地区)中生代遗迹化石及其行为习性分析

文中描述的遗迹化石是河北区调队1/25万萨噶幅(2001年)和中国地质大学1/25万江孜幅、亚东幅（2002年）野外地质调查过程分别的。遗迹化石的产地和时代是：萨噶和吉隆附近的晚白垩世，冈底斯弧前盆地日喀则群昂仁组复理石（化石点1）；和产自康马地区马拉雅拉轨岗日带晚三叠世捏如组，早中侏罗世田巴群，早白垩世加不拉组和晚白垩世宗卓组复理石(化石点2)，少量标本产自北喜拉南带岗巴?定日晚白垩世岗巴村口组(化石点3)。文内共计描述上述地区中生代遗迹化石12个遗迹属，14个遗迹种包含4个未定遗迹种其中多数(5个遗迹属，7个遗迹种)为首次在中被发现和描述(包含有两个新遗迹种)。本文详细研究了各遗迹属的行为习性特征，其中数（有9个遗迹属）过去经常产于世界各地中新生代深海复理石内，根据不同的埋和保存环境它们又可分为两大类，第一类为浊流形后（Post-turbidite）形成的遗迹，它们都是深海食沉积物动物的觅食（Fodinichnia）和游动的牧食迹（Pascichnia）如Gyrophyllites，Phymatoderma，Helminthoida和Phycosiphon，它们的主要特是都具有主动回填构造（active backfill）；另一类为流形成前（Pre-turbidite）形成的雕画迹，它们的主要特征是生活时期形成复的多孔的水道系统，并在其中培养细菌形成园艺式(Gardening)觅食或称为耕作迹（Agrichnia）Megagrapton,Rhabdoglyphus,Helicorhaphe,其中还包括适应低氧环境的化学共（Chemosymbiosis）类型如Chondrites和Cladichnus。在描述的遗迹中还包括住兼觅食(Dwellingandfeedingstructures):Schaubcylindrichnus和Syringomorpha以及一种经常趋向水流的停栖迹(Cubichnia)Sagittichnus。深海相中生代复理石地层（尤其晚三叠世，侏罗白垩纪），在我国除西藏地区特别发育外，内地其他各省区很少发育，因此上述中代遗迹化石资料显得特别珍贵，研它们相信会对今后西藏的地层学，沉积学和岩相古地理学研究，提供有价值的地质资料。     

Macrobioerosion and Microbioerosion in Marine Molluscan Shells from Holocene and Modern Beaches (39°−40°S, South of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

The marine sediments of the area of Verde Peninsula-Jabali Island(39°28′S/62°19′W-40°28′S/62°11′W) Holocene in age(3-2 ky),and modern beaches contain a significant amount of bioeroded mollusc shells.Fifteen sites were analyzed,in which 20.11%of the mollusc shells(2168 valves) presented bioerosion traces,in 54 species(30 bivalves and 24 gastropods).Fourteen ichnogenera were reported:Entobia,Maeandropoiydora,Iramena,Caulostrepsis,Pennatichnus,Pinaceocladichnus,Trypanites,and Gastrochaenolites(Domichnia),Gnathichnus and Radulichnus(Pascichnia),Finichnus and Centrichnus(Fixichnia),Oichnus(Praedicnia)(macrobioerosion),y Semidendrina(microbioerosion),the latter is first reported in mollusc shells in Argentina.Eleven ichnospecies were identified Finichnus peristroma,Maeandropoiydora sulcans,Gnathichnus pentax,Pinaceocladichnus onubensis,Caulostrepsis taeniola,Centrichnus eccentricus,Radulichnus inopinatus,Oichnus simplex,Oichnus paraboloides,Oichnus gradatus,and Gastrochaenolites torpedo(lithic remains).The dominant ichnogenera in the Holocene deposits are Iramena,Entobia and Oichnus.The same ichnogenera are constant with different abundance in the modern beaches,and increasing representation of Pinaceocladichnus and Pennatichnus.The dominant ichnofacies in the Holocene deposits is Trypanites,revealing a benthonic marine community composed of cheilostome bryzoans,clionaid sponges,predator gastropods,regular echinoids,polychaete annelids,bivalves,thallophytas and fungi.Generally,the area was described as a sublittoral,low-energy,stable environment with high rate of oxygenation,and sandy bottoms,with rocky bottoms at Villalonga locality.