青海省乌兰地区肯得隆富钛铁矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的岩石与矿石成因

肯得隆镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于青海柴达木盆地北缘欧龙布鲁克微陆块中。岩体为半隐伏岩体,地表零星出露。岩体岩石类型丰富,有蛇纹岩、单辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、橄榄单辉岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄角闪辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、蚀变辉长岩、斜长岩。辉长岩、辉石岩中见稀疏浸染状、星点浸染状钛铁矿。钛铁矿含量以5%~10%为主,个别含量可达10%~20%,具海绵陨铁结构,属岩浆晚期矿化作用产物。岩体中辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为491±3Ma(MSWD=0.7)。岩体岩石的化学组成属于拉斑玄武质系列,各岩性岩石的稀土元素配分形式基本一致,均呈轻稀土富集的右倾型。微量元素特征表现为富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P)。岩体(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.704731~0.710280,εNd(t)=-4.49~+0.83。岩浆在冷凝过程中发生了橄榄石-单斜辉石-斜方辉石-斜长石-普通角闪石的分离结晶作用。岩石地球化学特征表明岩体受到同化混染作用。肯得隆岩体的原生岩浆为普通的玄武质岩浆,源自被古生代俯冲熔/流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。钛铁矿的富集机制是:岩浆在氧逸度低于NNO条件下经历了相对高度的分异演化而最终达到钛铁矿富集。     

新疆且末县几克里阔勒镁铁—超镁铁岩体 地球化学特征及岩石成因

新疆且末县几克里阔勒镁铁—超镁铁岩体位于塔里木板块南缘活动带之喀拉米兰晚古生代沟弧系中段北侧,侵入下石炭统满达拉恰普组第三段海相碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及中酸性火山岩建造中。主要岩石类型有纯橄岩、二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、含长橄榄二辉岩、二辉岩、橄榄辉长岩、淡色辉长岩。岩石地球化学及岩相学特征表明:岩浆作用早期,分离结晶作用主导了岩浆演化过程和岩体形成过程,橄榄石和斜方辉石呈分离/堆晶相;矿物结晶顺序是:尖晶石/橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→单斜辉石+斜长石→褐色普通角闪石/黑云母。原生岩浆可能来自原始地幔或中等程度熔融的高镁玄武质岩浆,属拉斑玄武岩系列,形成过程中受到了一定程度同化混染作用的影响,但硫化物熔离程度较弱。岩浆源区位于尖晶石稳定域。     

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析

东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。     

中天山白石泉镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学研究

白石泉地区镁铁一超镁铁质岩体处于塔里木板块前缘活动带与中天山地块接合部位，是中天山地块华力西中期岩浆活动的产物。主要岩石类型有辉石橄榄岩（斜方辉石橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩）、橄榄辉石岩、橄长岩、辉长岩及角闪辉长岩等，主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石、斜长石及黑云母。橄榄石均为贵橄榄石，其Fo值（78-85）位于含铜镍硫化物矿橄榄石的Fo值范围之内；辉石主要有顽火辉石、古铜辉石、紫苏辉石、透辉石等；斜长石的环带构造较为发育；角闪石的FeO含量随着岩浆的演化逐渐增加。它们与造山带环境中的东疆型镁铁一超镁铁杂岩中的造岩矿物具有相同的特征。这些特征表明了白石泉地区的镁铁一超镁铁质岩体的原始岩浆为高镁的拉斑玄武质岩浆。     

新疆东昆仑达拉库岸镁铁-超镁铁岩的矿物化学及其属性

达拉库岸镁铁-超镁铁岩位于东昆仑造山带南带之喀拉米兰晚古生代沟弧系,由二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、单辉岩、含长辉石岩和辉长岩组成。单辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩中橄榄石均为贵橄榄石(Fo=84.55~89.08),其MnO含量为0.13%~0.29%,NiO含量为0.09%~0.28%;单斜辉石为透辉石和普通辉石,其MgO含量为15.12%~16.98%,Fe O含量为3.84%~5.34%,CaO含量为21.10%~22.95%;与蛇绿岩套中的同类岩石的橄榄石和单斜辉石成分存在较大差异,与夏日哈木和金川镁铁-超镁铁岩中同类岩石的矿物成分类似,表明达拉库岸岩体不是蛇绿岩套的组成部分,而是陆壳中的侵入体。单斜辉石成分表明其母岩浆为拉斑玄武质岩浆,可能形成于与俯冲有关的大陆边缘裂谷环境。达拉库岸岩体具有形成岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床的条件。     

新疆北山地区罗东镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体岩石成因

罗东镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体位于塔里木板块东北部的新疆北山地区,岩体平面形态为眼球状,出露面积约2.1 km2.由纯橄岩、单辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、方辉辉石岩、橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩、苏长辉长岩和淡色辉长岩组成,堆晶结构和堆晶韵律发育,属于层状岩体.岩浆演化过程中主要分离结晶/堆晶相是橄榄石和单斜辉石,此...     

新疆坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石成分特征及其成因意义

橄榄石的矿物化学成分可以很好的反映母岩浆成分、岩浆分异结晶及硫化物熔离作用等信息.坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石电子探针成分分析表明:橄榄石均为贵橄榄石,其化学成分与寄主岩石类型密切相关,其中橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石的Fo值在74～81之间,橄长岩或橄榄单斜辉石岩中橄榄石Fo=75～82.7,异剥橄榄岩或橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为83.6～86.3,暗示橄榄岩结晶早于橄榄辉长岩.橄榄石Ni含量变化范围为(174～2281)×10-6.利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到坡北岩体母岩浆MgO=14.38％,为高镁玄武岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示:坡北岩体主要发生了～25％的橄榄石分离结晶,在橄榄石结晶程度为2％～4％的过程中,发生过硫化物熔离作用,但熔离程度较低(～0.2％).总体来看,该区成矿远景不佳.     

新疆北山地区坡北镁铁-超镁铁岩体单斜辉石的矿物学特征及其地质意义

单斜辉石是坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的主要造岩矿物之一,在各岩相中普遍存在。本文对岩体各岩相中单斜辉石的矿物化学组成进行了电子探针和LA-ICPMS分析,以探明岩体性质、形成的构造背景及演化过程。分析表明,单斜辉石主要氧化物含量为:SiO21.05%~54.00%、MgO 13.95%~17.64%、CaO 19.87%~23.56%、FeO3.44%~6.58%、TiO20.13%~1.36%、Al2O32.17%~4.21%、Na2O 0.17%~0.50%、Cr2O30.01%~1.27%。岩石判别图解表明寄主岩浆为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩,形成于岛弧环境。单斜辉石的结晶温度范围介于1 141~1 221℃。∑REE和(Ce/Yb)N值表明从(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩到橄榄辉长岩和角闪辉长岩,岩浆结晶作用增强。与岩浆正常结晶演化相比,(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩中单斜辉石的SiO2、Na2O含量有所增大,角闪辉长岩和橄榄辉长岩中单斜辉石的CaO含量略有富集,结合前人研究成果和围岩性质,初步认为成岩过程中,可能发生过地壳同化混染作用,其中大理岩为角闪辉长岩和橄榄辉长岩提供了部分Ca元素,而黑云母石英片岩则为(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩贡献了Si、Na等。(异剥)橄榄岩和橄榄单辉辉石岩具较低的FeO含量,此外黑云母石英片岩混入其中,这可能是引起硫化物熔离的重要因素。     

东天山香山中镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学特征:对成岩成矿过程的约束

香山中镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出于新疆东天山地区的黄山—镜儿泉镁铁-超镁铁岩带。主要的岩石类型为二辉橄榄岩、(含长)单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩及角闪辉长岩。矿物学特征显示,岩体造岩矿物的结晶顺序为铬尖晶石→橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→斜长石→角闪石。电子探针分析显示,同一侵入期次中各岩相具有良好的过渡渐变关系,钻孔剖面上橄榄石含量与颗粒大小、单斜辉石的成分有随深度连续变化的特征,铬尖晶石则具有良好的Cr→Fe3+、Ti的演化趋势,由此反映岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用的控制;含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和单斜辉石成分的突然变化显示岩浆结晶过程中受到了地壳物质阶段性的混染;模拟计算表明,橄榄石分离结晶伴随着硫化物的熔离;钻孔ZK3693深度为295~325 m,含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜长石、单颗粒单斜辉石成分突然性的变化指示在区间内有新鲜的基性程度更高的岩浆注入,而此区间内矿石的Cu、Ni品位明显高于区间外同一岩相岩体,说明新鲜岩浆的注入是香山中岩体硫化物富集的重要原因。     

牛鼻子梁镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体岩石特征

牛鼻子梁岩体位于柴达木地块的北缘,出露面积约8 km2,平面形态呈长条状,主要由斜长二辉橄榄岩、斜长单辉橄榄岩、角闪二辉橄榄岩、角闪橄榄岩、角闪橄榄二辉岩、黑云母化二辉岩、角闪辉石岩、橄榄辉石角闪石岩、角闪橄榄辉长岩、细粒辉长岩、似斑状辉长岩、暗色辉长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩组成。文章通过岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究,得到锆石U-Pb年龄为(361.5±1.2)Ma,Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(347±26)Ma。研究认为,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性岩体含矿岩石产于大陆边缘环境。岩体形成于泥盆纪晚期。岩浆分异充分,岩石类型丰富,岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石和斜长石的分离结晶/堆晶作用。岩体的母岩浆应属于拉斑玄武岩质岩浆。从目前发现的矿化情况来看,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性杂岩体为含矿岩体,有很好的找矿前景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861