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1.
Valorie A. Crooks Michaela Hynie Kyle Killian Melissa Giesbrecht Heather Castleden 《GeoJournal》2011,76(2):139-149
Stress disorders and other mental ill health may be brought on by the disruption caused by resettlement. We examine female
newcomers’ experiences of adjusting to a new place, metropolitan Toronto, Canada and a new health care system. We consider
sources of mental stress experienced during adjustment. We frame this adjustment as a process that happens over place and through time. Thematic findings of interviews (n = 35) with female newcomers from five cultural-linguistic groups are reported. Sources of stress in adjusting to life in
Toronto include: navigating a new place, personal safety concerns, adapting to a new lifestyle, and finding employment. Sources
of stress in adjusting to a new health care system include: learning how to access care, not having access to specialists,
and adapting to a new culture of care. We conclude by considering the implications of what newcomers report for the delivery
of primary mental health care (i.e. ‘first contact’ care). 相似文献
2.
B.F. Iyun 《GeoJournal》1998,44(2):129-139
The viewpoint that most health problems are environmentally related has always been promoted by medical geography. In recent
times, concern about environmental degradation has been of high priority for many national and international organizations
as ‘we human beings become a threat to our planet’. There is also a need to specifically focus attention on the impact of
so-called development efforts on the health of women and children, in particular those living in highly marginalized regions
which often contribute substantially to the overall development of their countries.
This paper uses the concept of vulnerability as a departure point from which to map the health risks to children in Igbekun
area of Ondo State, the ‘transgressive muddy’ oil-rich coastal area of Nigeria. The paper attempts to highlight the poor quality
of life and health of children in particular, and how it is becoming much more difficult to practice health intervention programmes,
especially oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in the area.
The Igbekun area is an unhealthy and harsh environment, complicated by the devastating effects of oil drilling in recent years.
The siltation and sedimentation of the creeks and lagoons have serious health dimensions as human faeces float in and around
villages because the ‘bush toilets’ can no longer be reached. The on-going environmental crisis has also deprived women of
their traditional means of livelihood; fishing.
There is a relatively high level of ignorance (compared with other women living in the same local government area (LGA) of
causes of the commonest diseases such as diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and measles. A majority of the women
have never heard of family planning, immunization against diseases and interventions such as ORT. Promotive health care services,
especially those that strive to reduce the high mortality of children have passed the mothers by. It is also becoming impracticable
to promote ORT because of the widespread ‘salty and oily’ water supply in the area.
The greatest concern of the women now is that oil drilling activities have further amplified their stressful conditions especially
their health and that of their children. Unfortunately, their plight is not acknowledged by the Nigerian authorities and the
oil companies are least concerned about alleviating the poor health status of the community, in particular the most vulnerable
groups, children under the age of five.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
The notion of community has been central to the political project of renewal of New Labour in the UK. The paper explores how
the discourses of community are framed within New Labour and discusses these in the light of the results from research which
focuses on how people within urban deprived areas construct their community. It draws upon the results of one part of a larger
research project (the ‘Well London’ programme) which aimed to capture the views of residents from 20 disadvantaged neighbourhoods
throughout London using an innovative qualitative method known as the ‘World Café’. Our results show the centrality of young
people to the development of cohesive communities, the importance of building informal relationships between residents alongside
encouraging greater participation to policy making, and the need to see these places as fragile and temporary locations but
with considerable social strengths. Government policies are only partially addressing these issues. They pay greater attention
to formally encouraging citizens to become more involved in policy making, largely ignore the contribution young people could
make to the community cohesion agenda, and weakly define the shared norms and values that are crucial in building cohesive
communities. Thus, the conclusion is that whilst an emphasis of the government on ‘community’ is to be welcome, more needs
to be done in terms of considering the ‘voices’ of the community as well as enabling communities to determine and act upon
their priorities. 相似文献
4.
I. C. Kroon B.-L. Nguyen P. A. Fokker A. G. Muntendam-Bos G. de Lange 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(5):571-584
Understanding and predicting surface movement is important both technically and for social reasons. The shallow processes
contributing to subsidence include construction works, peat oxidation, clay compaction, and groundwater withdrawal; deep causes
are hydrocarbon and salt production. We describe an inversion procedure we have devised to disentangle the deep and shallow
causes of surface movement. It employs a Bayesian inversion scheme, using forward models and other ‘a priori’ information
about shallow and deep compaction. Parameter estimation thus takes place at two different depths, thereby disentangling the
deep and shallow compaction processes responsible for surface movement. The uncertainty in the surface measurements and ‘a
priori’ estimates is naturally incorporated. Furthermore, spatial and temporal correlations can be taken into account through
inclusion of the covariance matrix. The inversion scheme is demonstrated for two synthetic cases. The first combines a compacting
gas field and a compacting shallow peat layer. We demonstrate that assumptions on the shape of the subsidence bowl are not
necessary. We also show how neglecting either deep or shallow causes of subsidence can produce spurious results. The advantage
of using the ‘a priori’ estimates of the compaction and the covariance matrix obtained by Monte Carlo simulations is demonstrated
with a second synthetic example involving two polders and different depths of their water table. A robust solution is obtained
for each polder unit, while a simpler (and faster) ‘a priori’ estimate based on the expected average clay thickness fails
to reproduce the actual compaction. Monte Carlo simulations can also be applied to compaction in depleting gas reservoirs.
Information on spatial correlations is often available, even when the absolute values of the ‘a priori’ compaction data are
quite uncertain. Explicitly incorporating such ‘a priori’ known spatial correlations improves the result significantly. 相似文献
5.
Thomas Krings Dr. 《GeoJournal》1987,14(1):63-70
This article intends to describe the social situation and living conditions of the drought refugees living in the periphery
of Mopti. The complex phenomenon of ‘poverty’ and of social discrimination is explained by different indicators (kind of ‘informal
economy’, kind of dwelling, composition of food, hygienic situation). In contemporary Africa hunger has become a problem of
those people who have lost their original social and economic roots. This holds expecially true for the drought refugees.
The transformation of nomads and peasants into proletarian and dependent outcasts will be demonstrated. 相似文献
6.
The neighbouring towns of Haparanda and Tornio, separated only by a narrow strip of grass and wetland, are divided by the
only inhabited land boundary between Finland and Sweden in the southern part of the Torne River. The population represents
four different groups in relation to linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In the daily lives of the inhabitants, the state
boundary is probably of less significance than linguistic, social and ‘ethnic’ differences. On the local government level
there is a strong will to unite forces to make the total area a viable region in spite of its peripheral location, but state
legislation makes co-ordination difficult. This may be seen as a necessity, but in the daily lives of the populations, the
state boundary defines an area of unequal access, sometimes working in favour of and sometimes barring contacts and co-operation.
The media consumption reflects a clear ‘national’ interest with a strong local bias. In their attitudes, Finnish speakers
and bilinguals show a greater appreciation of ‘the other’ than unilingual Swedes. This may reflect the actual possibility
space (reach) in the local area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
The intent of this paper is to explore how ‘reel’ and ‘real’ landscapes can be rendered dialectic. The analysis focuses on
the filming of Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941) at the wildlife preserve of Wakulla Springs in Florida, which was administered
by the financial tycoon Ed Ball. Using Mitchell's recent commentaries on ‘good’ and ‘bad’ dialectics as our entry point, we
offer two readings of this cinematic process. The first renders the on and off screen Wakulla Springs as ideological fodder,
serving to valorise capital, masculinity and whiteness. The second reading addresses how this place has been actively constructed
from discourses pertaining to class, gender and race, such that Wakulla exists as a series of fully relational spaces within
diverse contexts, both ‘real’ and ‘reel’. In structuring our analysis in this manner, we hope to make clear why it does indeed
matter for film geographers to acknowledge the conceptual presumptions brought to bear in the framing of the real and the
reel as objects of analysis.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Tim Bunnell 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):297-305
Becoming the tallest building in the world in the mid-1990s, the Petronas Towers was the centre piece of an image of national
progress and development that Malaysian authorities sought to project internationally. The release of Fox Movies' Entrapment in Malaysia in May 1999 provoked political outrage and popular disappointment at the way in which the Petronas Towers in
Kuala Lumpur had been spliced alongside riverside ‘slums’ filmed in the town of Malacca some 150 km away. This paper provides
a critical reading of the spliced scene in the movie. At one level, the angry response of the Malaysian Prime Minister, Dr
Mahathir Mohamad, to the scene diagnoses a geopolitics of asymmetrical representational power. However, I show how Mahathir's
criticism of Entrapment in Malaysia was as much a defence of domestic political legitimacy (and national economic investibility) as it was ‘opposition’
or ‘resistance’ to hegemonic ‘Western’ (mis)representation. In addition, while the material and symbolic work of reimaging
Kuala Lumpur had sought to negate (neo)orientalist imaginings of ‘Asian’ cities, the controversial scene rendered visible
environmental ‘underdevelopment’ that has no place in a modern (vision of) Malaysia. Entrapment thus performed something in inducing Malaysian cities and citizens to ‘clean up’ their act, to practice ‘fully developed’
ways of seeing, being and being seen.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Paul Richards 《GeoJournal》1999,47(3):433-442
Mary Douglas (1993) has indicated some of the shared concerns that keep voluntary enclaves together as ‘social movements’.
The present paper describes a rather different kind of enclave politics, being concerned with the ‘new violence’ of groups
enclaved by social exclusion and force. The paper focuses on the emergence and subsequent development of dissidents in the
civil war in Sierra Leone. The RUF was at the outset a tiny but conventional guerrilla force, modelled on one of the militias
in the Liberian civil war, and seeking to overthrow a decayed neo-patrimonial ‘one-party’ regime. Gaining little popular support,
its members became marooned in forested isolation on the Liberia-Sierra Leone border. Recruits were mainly school children
seized by force and ‘converted’ through having to take part in atrocities against rural civilians. Unable to return to the
larger society on pain of summary execution, captives have had little option but to adjust to the political fantasies of a
violent and unstable leadership. They were enclaved by force. Indicating the predictive strength of Douglas' arguments about
the cultural dynamics of the enclave, the subsequent atrocity-drenched story of the RUF suggests that it is not the content
of belief that determines institutional culture but vice versa. To survive, the enforced enclave develops the concerns of
the classic ‘sect’ - a doctrinaire ‘rationality’ (expressed in crude acts of ‘subtractive’ violence), rejection of magic,
decision making by lots, preoccupation with defection, otiose leadership style. If the rest of the world is to come to terms
with violent enclave organizations such as the RUF and Algerian GIA it may have to pay more careful attention to the way enclave
institutions think. They may not respond ‘rationally’ to the kinds of incentives offered by mainstream groups organised around
hierarchical and/or individualist systems of social accountability.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Memorial landscapes: analytic questions and metaphors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over the past two decades, geographers have probed the intersection of collective memory and urban space. Their sustained
interest in the subject reflects an understanding of the social condition of commemoration and the important role that space
plays in the process and politics of collective memory. Along with other critical social scientists, geographers envision
these public symbols as part of larger cultural landscapes that reflect and legitimate the normative social order. A review
of the extant literature indicates that geographers scrutinize memorial landscapes through three conceptual lenses that may
be understood via the metaphors of ‘text,’ ‘arena,’ and ‘performance.’ These metaphors are in turn mobilized through a series
of analytic questions that serve to identify the interests served and denied by landscape ‘texts,’ the ‘arenas’ in which they
are produced, and the ways in which they are enacted via ‘performance.’ This article’s synopsis of the subfield’s predominant
metaphors and its attendant questions contributes to the ongoing cultural geographic project of articulating and implementing
methods for interpreting landscapes as open-ended symbolic systems.
相似文献
Derek H. AldermanEmail: |
11.
Paulo Cesar da Costa Gomes 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):339-344
We are concerned here with the notion of space as a primary condition for building social relations. From this stand, we have
created two analytical matrixes that can help us characterize two modes: that of ‘being-there-in-space’ and that of ‘being-of-the-space’;
the nomospace and the genospace. While the nomospace is characterized by ‘cold’ connotations, which are ideally defined as a result of a logical option, the genospace is mainly characterized by emotional or ‘warm’ connotations, which originate from a feeling of shared nature and common destiny.
We believe that these matrixes could help us to identify the meanings of some behaviours and, therefore, make us more capable
of interpreting many dynamics that occur in modern societies. The importance of geography is justified by the existing relationship
between these behaviours and their proper spatial form.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
In the context of doing research on the geography of health and health care, ‘connecting’ takes on multiple meanings. First,
there are the connections between research topics although the political and socio-economic realities of the various geographical
contexts can lead to foci on different aspects and social and geographic processes. There are then the connections between
researchers from developed and developing countries who share an interest in the geography of health and health care, who
perhaps transfer or refine research methods to look at the different contexts and even different topics. Finally, in this
context, there are the connections between researchers and the IGU Commission on Health, Environment and Development (HED)
promoted by the HED for the past eight years through its activities. This paper uses examples from the literature and the
activities of HED to illustrate these various connections. It argues that if the geography of health and health care is to
continue to develop, these three sets of connections must continue to grow and strengthen.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Laura Jones 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):359-371
Conspiratorial thought has been highly visible in post-September 11th America, manifest through the continued growth of a
public ‘9/11 Truth Movement’ as well as at the state-level, through the Bush administration’s conspiracy rhetoric of Islamic
terrorists intent on infiltrating the US homeland. In this paper, I demonstrate how conspiracy can be understood as a ‘knowledge-producing
discourse’; dialectically engaged across multiple subject positions and through which geopolitical narratives are performatively
produced and contested at interconnected scales of bodies, homes, city streets and national ‘homelands’. Through drawing on,
and challenging, the conceptual and methodological approaches of a burgeoning feminist geopolitics, I ground my analysis in
the embodied performances of ‘patriotic dissent’ by members of the 9/11 Truth Movement in New York City, as well as through
my own situated and ethical engagement with positions of political difference. 相似文献
14.
Marco Antonsich 《GeoJournal》2010,75(1):119-132
Although geographers have largely investigated the notion of place, the relationship between place and Self does not seem
to have received a similar attention, both theoretically and empirically. After the initial interest expressed by humanistic
geographers, social constructivism and cultural materialism (two dominant paradigms in use since at least the 1980s) have
somewhat moved the interest towards a sort of social(izing) discourse, which has pushed the individual dimension to the margin.
Accordingly, this dimension has been treated as a mere product of social discourses, as purely embodying and (re)enacting
certain social categories (gender, sex, race, etc.) or, again, it has been discredited as psychologically ‘mentalistic’ and
geographically ‘trivial’. In the present article, I aim to rescue this personal, intimate dimension and show how, beyond an
all-encompassing social(izing) logic, it remains at work in the ways people relate to place. Theoretically, the study builds
on the early contributions of humanistic geography, complemented with more recent works in environmental and social psychology.
Empirically, it is grounded in narratives of place collected during interviews and focus groups administered in four regional
case studies in Western Europe. The article advances and illustrates, with empirical materials, a simple theoretical framework,
which aims to contribute to the understanding of how meanings of place implicate and are implicated in the construction of
the Self. 相似文献
15.
Problems associated with tourism development in Southern Africa: The case of Transfrontier Conservation Areas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sanette Ferreira 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):301-310
Tourism in Southern Africa is synonymous with the wildlife safari. In the post-colonial era the establishment of so-called
‘peaceparks’ that straddle the borders of states has come to be seen as a key not only to increasing tourism in the Southern
African region, but also to the modernizing of conservation policies and the development of rural economies. This paper focuses
on the global and continental presence of transfrontier conservation areas, the link between conservation and tourism development,
and the current factors that constrain and influence the realization of an ‘African Dream’ — ‘establishment of the greatest
animal kingdom’. The unstable political situation in Zimbabwe and how this negatively affects wildlife conservation and tourism
in the Gonarezhou part of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park, serves as a case study.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
I. E. Smith 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1972,34(2):167-176
This paper presents petrographic, major element, and trace element data from high-potassium ‘shoshonitic’ rocks of Miocene
age which intrude Eocene submarine basalts in southeastern Papua. The intrusives fall into two distinct but overlapping groups,
a ‘near-saturated’ group ranging from gabbro to syenite with regular petrographic and chemical variations, which is either
slightly nepheline normative or quartz normative, and a nepheline normative ‘undersaturated’ group which shows wide variations
in texture, modal mineralogy, and chemistry. Biotite-bearing pyroxenites are associated with the intrusives but their genetic
relationship to the intrusives is unknown. The intrusion of shoshonitic rocks at the beginning of a period of major tectonic
activity in southeastern Papua shows that high-potassium magmas can be generated in areas of active tectonism and may form
part of the island arc ‘magmatic’ association. 相似文献
17.
There is growing recognition among political ecologists of the need to examine shifting natural resource regimes and their
effects on livelihoods in “First World” places. This emerging literature has variously examined the “Third World within,”
the persistence of “subsistence activities” in the “First World,” and the “reterritorialization” of land tenure and access.
However, much of this work has tended to focus on traditional extractive industries in the American West, indigenous claims
to lands and resources in the U.S. and Canada, and non-timber resources on public lands. In contrast, we use a case study
of African-American sweetgrass basket-makers, associated with the Gullah culture, in South Carolina’s lowcountry to examine
the ways in which ongoing amenity-driven residential development is fundamentally reshaping resource access on private lands.
Historically, basket-makers harvested the materials (primarily sweetgrass or Mulenbergia filipes) needed for their culturally
important art form from accessible, rural, and privately held tracts of land in close proximity to their communities, but
development pressures and changes in resident interpretation of property rights has decreased access to basket-making resources.
The case is particularly illuminating, as it examines the emergence of ‘conservation subdivisions’ in the region and raises
important questions about what “rural uses” and users are being conserved through responses to exurban, suburban, and urban
development in formerly rural areas. 相似文献
18.
This paper juxtaposes the actual areas of settlement and settlement activities of Chinese migrants in Brisbane’s southern
suburbs since the mid-1980s, with the concomitant, ‘government planned’ construction of the city’s Chinatown as an ‘exotic,’
‘ethnic,’ and ‘cosmopolitan’ landmark. It argues that while the latter, as with Chinatowns in other Australian and world cities,
has continued to appropriate the symbols of so-called ‘Chineseness’ to sell the locale to non-Chinese, the former, in recalling
the notion of ‘ethnoburbia,’ significantly evinces actual Chinese migrants’ agency and role in place-making. In the process,
these migrants have not only established a local, ethnically meaningful environment, but also challenged the still current
metonymic Western image of the Chinese as preferring life in ‘ethnic’ urban enclaves that had its origin from early Chinese
settlement and fundamentally detached from the lives of other ethnic groups per se. Indeed greater recognition and comprehension of such locales may go a long way to illustrate that many Chinese living in
Australia today do not fit the territorial, place-based identity often associated with them in the imagination of mainstream
society. 相似文献
19.
Despite the increasing public profile of same-sex issues, health policies are often shaped by heteronormative assumptions.
The health concerns of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual/transgender, two-spirit, intersex, queer and questioning (LGBTTTIQQ)
people are complex and require broadening from an often exclusively sexual health and risk focus to a more holistic approach.
In this context, this paper illustrates how a critical feminist geography of health, with its focus on the mutual construction
of gender relations, space and place, potentially enhances and extends current understandings of public health policy and
practice. Moreover, the use of a policy lens foregrounding gender and other power relations suggests that feminist research
and coalitions facilitate participatory processes that address “the politics of discourse.” In particular, public health nursing
practice can enhance the construction of spaces of resistance that challenge heteronormative discourse through research strategies
focused on sexual minority communities’ health experiences and their visions for supportive care. In this respect, two strategies
consistent with public health priorities to increase knowledge and participate in alliances are described. Ethnographic research
with childbearing lesbians demonstrates that attention to institutional dynamics that foster safe spaces can facilitate access
to public health services. Public health nurses’ involvement in community coalitions can enhance dissemination of community
knowledges. The implications for gender inclusive and place-sensitive public health nursing practice include the development
of sensitive educators, meaningful educational curriculum and related program planning, explicit policies, community partnerships
and political leadership in institutional and research venues. 相似文献
20.
Ben Mosiane 《GeoJournal》2009,74(6):541-549
This article examines the idea of ‘flexibility’ within the context of a city. It uses the idea of livelihoods to contribute
to the debates on flexibility, particularly on the role that ordinary people play in the transformative potential of cities.
A closer examination of ordinary people’s activities show that although livelihoods are crucial to how they adapt to the changing
social and economic conditions, such activities largely constitute survival strategies. Importantly, and without subscribing
to a paradigm that promotes a city as a closed space, the continuing socio-spatial divisions in the city of Rustenburg, South
Africa underscore the fact that ordinary people’s remarkable resourcefulness occurs under circumstances of marginality. 相似文献