不同GPS掩星电离层剖面产品相关性分析

将在一定时空限定范围内的不同低轨卫星COSMIC、GRACE、CHAMP、FY3C的电离层掩星电子密度剖面定义为一个掩星对来对比分析不同类型掩星电离层产品。结果表明：COSMIC掩星对之间的电子密度剖面整体轮廓符合得很好,电子密度剖面主要在250 km以下和500 km以上存在较大的偏差,250~500 km的电子密度整体偏差较小,统计得到的COSMIC掩星对的电子密度参量NmF2和hmF2的相关系数能分别达到0.99和0.97,具有高度相关性,不同COSMIC卫星之间没有明显的系统误差;COSMIC、GRACE、CHAMP和FY3C不同低轨卫星间的电子密度剖面略有差异,通过统计电子密度参量NmF2和hmF2之间的相关系数,COSMIC和CHAMP的相关系数分别为0.95和0.86,COSMIC和GRACE的相关系数分别为0.98和0.94,COSMIC和FY3C的相关系数分别为0.96和0.92,不同掩星类型之间的电子密度参量之间也具有高度相关性,验证了不同卫星任务GPS掩星电离层剖面的一致性。     

2009年7月22日日全食-电离层响应分析

选取2009年7月22日发生的日全食前后的电离层垂测仪数据来分析日全食期间的电离层响应,并尝试通过掩星电离层反演方法探测本次日全食引起的电离层效应。结果显示,利用垂测仪和COSMIC掩星反演均能够探测到日全食期间受日食影响的电离层的显著变化,但利用COSMIC掩星反演提取的电离层效应所具有的时间分辨率还有待提高。     

COSMIC掩星折射指数廓线的统计验证

以全球无线电探空数据和美国环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)预报模式为参照,对COSMIC数据分析与管理中心(COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center,CDAAC)提供的2007-06-01-2007-06-30的气象、电离层与气候星座观测系统(the constellation observing system for me-teorology,lonosphere,and climate,COSMIC)的GPS掩星折射指数廓线进行了统计验证.结果表明,掩星廓线的精度在高纬度地区最好,在低纬度地区最差.中、低纬度带掩星廓线相对于探空廓线有系统性相对偏差,该偏差在掩星廓线与NCEP预报廓线的比较中不存在,说明探空数据的质量是造成这种偏差的主要原因,这可能与不同地区所采用的无线电探空仪的性能有关.     

利用GPS掩星弯曲角确定对流层顶高度

利用COSMIC提供的GPS无线电掩星观测数据,从掩星弯曲角廓线出发确定对流层顶高度,并分别与对应的掩星温度廓线确定的温度最低点对流层顶(cold point tropopause,CPT)和温度递减率对流层顶(lapse rate tropopause,LRT)、无线电探空(距离掩星事件300km以内、观测时间差异3h以内)温度廓线确定的CPT和LRT进行了对比。     

精密卫星钟差加密方法及其对星载GPS低轨卫星定轨精度影响

系统分析、比较了几种精密卫星钟差加密方法，研究了利用全球分布的IGS永久跟踪站的GPS观测数据估计高采样率卫星钟差参数的原理与方法，并将各种卫星钟差加密方法得到的结果与IGS数据分析中心估计的卫星钟差结果相比较。最后将不同加密方法得出的精密卫星钟差结果用于基于星载GPS双频非差观测值的CHAMP低轨卫星的定轨，并将不同方法得到的定轨精度进行比较。结果表明，利用地面跟踪站的GPS观测数据，可高精度、高密度地估计GPS卫星钟差，估计精度可达0．1～0．5ns。经地面GPS跟踪站数据估计的GPS卫星钟差，应用于基于PPP方法的低轨卫星定轨，其定轨精度在10cm以内。     

COSMIC掩星反演湿温廓线质量的时空分析

为研究COSMIC(constellation observing system for meteorology,ionosphere and climate)掩星反演湿温廓线的质量,需对数据误差特性进行量化研究。首先采用线性插值的方法,以时间窗3 h、水平距离300 km为匹配准则,对0.2～30 km各高度层温度的平均偏差和标准差进行统计分析,研究随海拔高、季节和纬度带变化的温度平均偏差特性。然后采用2016年的全球探空数据集分析全球区域的COSMIC湿温廓线质量,以及北温带COSMIC湿温廓线质量随季节变化的特点,探究不同纬度带地区COSMIC掩星湿温廓线质量随纬度变化的特点。结果表明,全球范围内温度平均偏差为-0.16 K,掩星数据和探空站资料精度相当;季节变化的统计量F=0.999 60.05,该因素对COSMIC湿温廓线质量影响不显著;纬度带变化的统计量F=0.024 40.05,该因素对COSMIC湿温廓线质量有显著影响,尤其是热带地区受水汽影响较大,温度平均偏差处于峰值,偏差高于0.25 K,南温带地区次之。     

快速精密星历与最终精密星历对定位精度的影响和比较

星历的精度会对单点定位和相对定位的解算结果产生影响,利用IGS跟踪站给出的观测数据以及快速精密星历和最终精密星历来进行计算,结果表明,用快速精密星历代替最终精密星历是可行的。     

基于IGS网络资源的完备性监测研究

本文从国际知名的高精度数据处理软件BERNESE软件入手,选择欧洲三个IGS跟踪站2002年1年的原始观测数据,应用IGS网络资源包括GPS精密星历,GPS精密钟差,地球自转参数文件,进行精密单点定位计算,讨论卫星轨道对完备性监测的影响,并将IGS跟踪站视为监测站和用户站,实现对IGS监测站和用户站的完备性监测。     

澳大利亚上空COSMIC掩星廓线的反演

基于几何光学反演方法,由附加相住延迟序列出发,对2007年6月6日发生在澳大利亚上空的一次COSMIC掩星事件进行了反演.将反演得到的折射角、折射率、干温与湿度廓线分别与COSMIC数据分析与管理中心(COSMIC data analysis and archive center,CDAAC)的相应产品进行了比较.结果表明,两者在低对流层存在较显著的差异.以距离该掩星地点300 km以内、观测时间差异2 h以内的无线电探空资料为参照,反演的折射率廓线与CDAAC的折射率廓线在低对流层都存在一定的误差.对于该掩星事件,CDAAC通过变分法反演的湿度廓线并不比本文的反演结果更接近探空廓线;在1 km以下,其变化趋势甚至与探空结果相矛盾.     

利用联测IGS跟踪站方法提高GPS控制网起算数据精度

详细讨论了利用联测IGS跟踪站提高GPS区域控制网起算数据精度的方法,并介绍了将区域控制网框架和国际地球参考框架ITRF2000相连的方法,探讨了联测IGS跟踪站时应注意的事项,并根据实例对采用联测IGS跟踪站后对GPS网起算点的精度影响进行分析.     

利用掩星和地基GPS研究日食电离层效应

21世纪最长的一次日全食于2009-07-22发生,从亚洲东部一直延伸到太平洋地区,同时,日食后期开始伴随着一次中等强度的磁暴。本文利用COSMIC掩星GPS数据反演了食甚时刻电子密度变化情况,利用武汉CORS地基GPS数据反演了局部TEC时序变化情况,并分析了日食电离层效应的物理机制。     

Ionospheric electron density observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC over the European region and validated by ionosonde data

This research is motivated by the recent IGS Ionosphere Working Group recommendation issued at the IGS 2010 Workshop held in Newcastle, UK. This recommendation encourages studies on the evaluation of the application of COSMIC radio occultation profiles for additional IGS global ionosphere map (GIM) validation. This is because the reliability of GIMs is crucial to many geodetic applications. On the other hand, radio occultation using GPS signals has been proven to be a promising technique to retrieve accurate profiles of the ionospheric electron density with high vertical resolution on a global scale. However, systematic validation work is still needed before using this powerful technique for sounding the ionosphere on a routine basis. In this paper, we analyze the properties of the ionospheric electron density profiling retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation measurements. A comparison of radio occultation data with ground-based measurements indicates that COSMIC profiles are usually in good agreement with ionosonde profiles, both in the F2 layer peak electron density and the bottom side of the profiles. For this comparison, ionograms recorded by European ionospheric stations (DIAS network) in 2008 were used.     

Impact of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation and dropwindsonde data on regional model predictions during the 2007 Mei-yu season

A study of the impact of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation (RO) and dropwindsonde data on regional model simulations for a 11-day period during the 2007 Mei-yu season is presented. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variation component, WRF-Var, are used for regional model predictions of heavy rainfall events in Taiwan. Without the use of GPS RO and dropwindsonde data, pressure and relative humidity are, in general, underestimated by the model; temperature predictions have a warm bias at the low level and a cold bias at the high level; and the east–west and north–south component winds have positive and negative biases, respectively. Incorporating GPS RO data tends to improve the prediction for longer integration. The assimilation of dropwindsonde data improves the forecast at the earlier time and at higher levels, and the improvement decreases over time. The reason the dropwindsonde data produce a positive impact earlier and the GPS RO data later is that there are few GPS RO observations in the fine domain. The large-scale simulation is first improved using the GPS RO observations, and the resulting changes can have a positive impact on the mesoscale at the later time. The dropwindsonde observations were taken inside the fine domain such that their impact can be detected early in the simulation. With both types of observation included, the prediction shows even greater improvement. At the earlier forecast time, there is nearly no impact from GPS and dropwindsonde data on rainfall forecasts. However, at the later integration time, the GPS data start to significantly improve the rainfall forecast. The dropwindsonde data also provide a positive impact on rainfall forecasts, but it is not as significant as that of the GPS data.     

利用稳健协方差转换法构建对流层顶经验模型

对流层顶与纬度具有极强的相关性,同时随季节呈周期性变化。文中利用2008年至2010年的COSMIC掩星数据采用稳健协方差估计求得每天全球范围内掩星事件处的对流层顶高度,以时间和纬度为自变量,建立对流层顶的全球经验模型。利用全球分布的28个探空站观测数据,基于与对流层顶相关的Hopfield湿延迟模型,讨论了对流层顶对湿延迟的影响。结果表明,建立的对流层顶经验模型有助于提高湿延迟的计算精度,约0～15 mm.      

Gravity recovery using COSMIC GPS data: application of orbital perturbation theory

 COSMIC is a joint Taiwan–US mission to study the atmosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) occultation technique. Improved formulas are developed for the radial, along-track, and cross-track perturbations, which are more accurate than the commonly used order-zero formulas. The formulas are used to simulate gravity recovery using the geodetic GPS data of COSMIC in the operational phase. Results show that the EGM96 model can be improved up to degree 26 using 1 year of COSMIC data. TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data are used to derive a temporal gravity variation. COSMIC cannot reproduce this gravity variation perfectly because of data noise and orbital configuration, but the recovered field clearly shows the gravity signature due to mass movement in an El Ni?o. Received: 3 March 2000 / Accepted: 10 November 2000     

Experiment on driving precipitable water vapor from ground-based GPS network in Chengdu Plain

The estimates of total zenith delay are derived using Bernese GPS Software V4. 2 based on GPS data every 30 s from the first measurement experiment of a ground-based GPS network in Chengdu Plain of Southwest China during the period from July to September 2004. Then the estimates of 0.5 hourly precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from global positioning system (GPS) are obtained using meteorological data from automatic weather stations (AWS). The comparison of PWV derived from GPS and those from radiosonde observations is given for the Chengdu station, with RMS (root mean square) differences of 3.09m. The consistency of precipitable water vapor derived from GPS to those from radiosonde is good. It is concluded that Bevis’ empirical formula for estimating the weighted atmospheric mean temperature can be applicable in Chengdu area because the relationship of GPS PWV with Bevis’ formula and GPS PWV with radiosonde method shows a high correlation. The result of this GPS measurement experiment is helpful both for accumulating the study of precipitable water vapor derived from GPS in Chengdu areas located at the eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau and for studying spatial-temporal variations of regional atmospheric water vapor through many disciplines cooperatively.     

成都地区地基GPS观测网遥感大气可降水量的初步试验

利用首个成都地区地基GPS观测网2004年7～9月30s间隔的测量数据，通过Bernese GPS SoftwareV4．2解算出30min间隔的天顶总延迟量，结合自动气象站获得的气象资料计算出30min间隔的GPS遥感的大气可降水量。与根据气象探空站探测资料算出的可降水量进行统计对比，确定出本次GPS遥感可降水量试验的精度为3．09mm，两种可降水量时间序列呈现高度的一致性。同时验证了计算对流层加权平均温度的Bevis经验公式在成都地区的适用性。     

Experiment on Driving Precipitable Water Vapor from Ground-Based GPS Network in Chengdu Plain

The estimates of total zenith delay are derived using Bernese GPS Software V4. 2 based on GPS data every 30 s from the first measurement experiment of a ground-based GPS network in Chengdu Plain of Southwest China during the period from July to September 2004. Then the estimates of 0.5 hourly precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from global positioning system (GPS) are obtained using meteorological data from automatic weather stations (AWS). The comparison of PWV derived from GPS and those from radiosonde observations is given for the Chengdu station, with RMS (root mean square) differences of 3.09m. The consis- tency of precipitable water vapor derived from GPS to those from radiosonde is good. It is concluded that Bevis’ empirical formula for estimating the weighted atmospheric mean temperature can be applicable in Chengdu area because the relationship of GPS PWV with Bevis’ formula and GPS PWV with radiosonde method shows a high correlation. The result of this GPS measurement experiment is helpful both for accumu- lating the study of precipitable water vapor derived from GPS in Chengdu areas located at the eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau and for studying spatial-temporal variations of regional atmospheric water vapor through many disciplines cooperatively.     

利用地基GPS资料分析成都地区大气可降水量

利用成都地区GPS地震监测网的观测资料,通过Bernese软件求解获得CHDU、JYAN、PIXI、QLAI、RENS、ZHJI测站的天顶总延迟和湿延迟,运用湿延迟与大气可降水量之间的转换关系得到各测站大气可降水量,与站点地面实际降雨量及SONDE大气可降水量进行了比较分析。结果表明：地基GPS监测大气可降水量变化与地面实际降雨量有很强的相关性,与SONDE大气可降水量的平均差值为0．43mm,均方偏差为2．56mm。多站点GPS监测大气可降水量联合分析,对于研究区域大气可降水量的变化有一定的意义。