珠海市近20年土地利用及景观格局变化分析

在土地利用变化分析基础上引入景观格局指数,基于2000、2010和2020年三期土地利用覆盖数据分析珠海市2000—2020年土地利用和景观格局变化。结果表明：2000年以来珠海市不透水面用地面积增加显著,年均增速达6.85%,农田和林地为土地转出面积最多的用地类型;农田破碎程度进一步加大,不透水面空间分布呈集中趋势,整体景观格局趋于丰富。     

基于RS与GIS的南京市土地利用及景观格局变化分析

人类社会经济的发展对土地利用和景观格局会产生重要的影响。本文以2010、2015、2020年3期TM遥感影像数据为基础,借助RS与GIS技术对南京市土地利用与景观格局的变化进行分析。研究结果表明,南京市土地类型主要以耕地、林地、建设用地和水域为主,而草地和未利用地面积相对较小,占比不足1%。在研究期间变化过程主要是建设用地在增加,十年间增加了168.86 km²。景观格局分析表明,南京市景观的斑块密度、形状指数、香农多样性指数和均匀度指数不断增加,景观的破碎化程度提高,异质性增强。南京市土地利用和景观格局有明显的变化趋势,城市化和退耕还林是南京市土地利用和景观格局变化的主要因素。     

槟城土地利用及景观格局动态变化分析

土地利用及景观格局变化对城市的发展具有重要意义,为全面了解槟城1990年～2018年土地利用及景观格局变化情况,利用指数分类法和纹理特征判断相结合的方法对槟城1990年的TM和2018年的OLI遥感影像进行土地利用分类,依据转移矩阵和景观指数对槟城土地利用及景观格局变化进行分析。结果表明:近28年来,槟城土地利用发生明显变化,其中建设用地面积增加138.63km~2,种植园以每年1.56%的速率减少,主要转化为建设用地和林地;林地和水体破碎度增高,耕地、种植园、建设用地、未利用的破碎度降低;林地和建设用地最大斑块指数增高,耕地和种植园降低,水体和未利用地则变化微小。     

武汉市土地利用/覆被与景观格局变化特征

武汉市作为武汉城市圈的核心城市,其土地利用/覆被和景观格局变化备受关注。本文基于1991年和2009年Landsat TM影像数据,采用RS、GIS和景观生态学方法,运用土地利用变化模型、土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局分析软件Fragstats3.3,对武汉市近19a的土地利用/覆盖及景观格局变化特征进行了动态研究,结果表明此成果能够为武汉市土地资源的合理开发利用和保护提供参考。     

漯河市近40年土地利用及景观格局变化特征研究

本文以河南省漯河市为例,以遥感解译的漯河市近40年来土地利用数据为基础,运用GIS叠置分析、土地利用转移矩阵等空间分析方法,结合景观格局指标,研究其改革开放以来土地利用及景观格局变化特征,为优化土地资源配置及科学的城市规划提供依据。结果表明:(1)1980年至2015年间漯河城镇用地面积呈显著增加趋势,扩张主要占用耕地;(2)林地和农村居民点用地总体呈增加趋势,2000年来其他建设用地面积迅速增加;(3)漯河市各景观类型总体呈平衡发展态势,耕地优势度有所下降,建设用地优势度不断上升;(4)人口增长与经济发展、交通条件改善及政府政策变动是影响漯河市土地利用变化和景观格局演变的主要因素。     

宁镇扬丘陵区土地利用景观格局演变与模拟

针对CA模型不能长期预测和Markov模型不能反映空间格局变化的不足,本文运用CA-Markov耦合模型,结合动态度模型、景观格局指数及PCA法,定量揭示宁镇扬丘陵区镇江市的土地利用景观格局演变特征、驱动机制及变化趋势,为区域土地利用规划及调整提供参考。结果表明:镇江市土地利用景观格局时空演变愈加复杂;人口增长、经济发展、城镇化及农业技术进步是土地利用景观格局演变的主要驱动力;到2030年镇江市城区周边建设用地将增加25.58%,而耕地、林地等景观类型将不断锐减。     

黑河下游土地利用与景观格局时空特征分析

基于研究区1986年LandSat TM和2003年LandSat ETM 遥感影像资料,综合运用遥感与GIS技术手段,结合FRAGSTATS景观格局分析软件,就近17 a来黑河下游额济纳流域土地利用与景观格局变化进行了分析,并探讨了引起变化的驱动因素。结果表明:研究区草地、林地、水域及耕地面积减少,居民工矿建设用地和未利用土地面积显著增加;景观破碎化程度降低,多样性及异质性程度减小,稳定性降低;气候的暖干化趋势、黑河下泄水量的持续减少以及人类不合理的经济活动是黑河下游土地利用和景观格局变化的主要原因。     

米易县土地利用景观格局动态变化分析

土地利用是全球环境变化研究的热点问题之一,本文在对米易县土地利用变化分析的过程中,引入景观格局分析方法开展土地利用动态变化的研究。采用ERDAS软件对1988年和2003年的两期遥感数据进行处理,结合Fragstats3.3景观格局分析软件,分别在斑块水平指数和景观水平指数上对研究区土地利用景观类型进行动态分析,揭示其变化原因和内在规律,为研究区生态治理提供数据支撑。并对景观的规划与管理、资源的有效利用和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

广西喀斯特山区土地利用景观格局特征分析

利用GIS技术方法对广西都安县2006年的土地利用数据进行了景观格局指数研究,包括景观多样性指数、形状指数、边界密度等。结合土地利用现状图分析喀斯特地区的景观格局分布特点。总体看来该区域土地利用类型多样复杂,景观破碎度较高,连通性差,抵抗外界干扰能力弱。研究土地利用景观空间格局可以为喀斯特岩溶山区土地利用结构的调整、土地管理政策的制定及生态环境的恢复重建提供决策依据。     

抚仙湖流域土地利用格局与水质变化关系

抚仙湖是我国水质较好的大型淡水湖泊之一,其总体水质为Ⅰ类。近年来由于流域内开发强度增加,水体水质呈现下降的趋势。为探究流域土地利用变化可能对湖泊水质产生的影响,利用1992—2010年的Landsat TM和ETM+数据,结合GIS技术和统计学方法,分析了流域内土地利用及景观格局变化与湖泊水质的响应关系。研究结果显示:抚仙湖水体面积缩小,流域内林地和耕地面积总体呈减小趋势,与水质污染指数变化呈显著负相关;交通运输用地和建设用地增长迅速,与水质污染指数响应呈显著正相关;景观斑块数目、形状指数等景观格局指数增加,流域景观格局破碎化加重,与水质污染指数变化呈显著正相关;土地利用及景观格局指数可以作为研究抚仙湖水质变化的重要指标。     

基于目标分割和景观格局特征的城市土地利用分类

根据相同土地利用类型景观格局特征相似的原理,在传统遥感分类方法的基础上,结合景观生态学理论,建立了土地利用分类新方法; 应用SPOT遥感图像提取了北京市五环内的居民用地和非居民用地类型,总分类精度达到了85.9%,Kappa系数为71.1%.本研究结合学科交叉的优势,为遥感技术应用和土地利用信息提取提供了新思路.     

顾及尺度效应和景观格局的土地利用数据综合指标研究

从尺度效应和土地利用案观格局影响两个层面研究土地利用数据综合的宏观和微观综合指标,设计土地利用数据综合的指标体系和指标定量化描述模型.在全国各个土地利用分区采集不同尺度的具有典型代表性的土地利用数据样本集,通过空间统计分析等方法,得到土地利用数据综合中的宏观控制性指标和微观图形综合指标的尺度变化规律及其与土地利用格局的关系.以一个县为试验区,验证其合理性.

Abstract：

Indices for land use data generalization are critical for generating multiscale land use maps and databases. Previous research suffers from two major setbacks. Firstly, determination of threshold values for multi-scale land use data generalization in a large area, such as a nation, remains subjective. A second problem is general ignorance of landscape pattern. This paper studies the index system of land use data generalization from both scale and landscape pattern perspective. We discuss the macro and micro indices of land use data generalization with consideration of spatial scales and landscape pattern. To quantitatively relate the indices and scale and landscape pattern metrics, land use data samples have been collected at multiple spatial scales in various land use regions across China. Based on statistic analysis, we then generate both macro and micro control rules for land use data generalization at various spatial scales and land use patterns. Finally, we prove the proposed method and achieved results to be effective and reasonable with sample data at county level.     

基于GIS和景观生态学的土地整理景观研究

运用GIS技术和景观生态学理论方法,以安徽省淮南市潘集区市级投资重点土地整理项目为例,选取3类景观指标,对项目区内土地整理前后的土地利用现状和景观格局变化情况进行研究。结果表明： 景观类型中水田斑块占绝对优势,斑块分维数、形状指数呈下降趋势,表明斑块形状趋于规则和简单; 斑块数量和斑块密度降低,平均斑块面积和最大斑块面积增加,最大斑块指数增大,景观破碎度降低; 平均分维数和平均形状指数增大,表明景观形状较整理前变得规则,但总体形态变得复杂; 多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,表明在增加了景观分布均匀程度的同时降低了景观的多样性,景观类型有所减少。     

Characterizing bi-temporal patterns of land surface temperature using landscape metrics based on sub-pixel classifications from Landsat TM/ETM+

Landscape patterns in a region have different sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements, which contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape and are linked to the distinct behavior of thermal environments. There is a lack of research generating landscape metrics from discretized percent impervious surface area data (ISA), which can be used as an indicator of urban spatial structure and level of development, and quantitatively characterizing the spatial patterns of landscapes and land surface temperatures (LST). In this study, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is used to derive sub-pixel ISA. Continuous fractional cover thresholds are used to discretize percent ISA into different categories related to urban land cover patterns. Landscape metrics are calculated based on different ISA categories and used to quantify urban landscape patterns and LST configurations. The characteristics of LST and percent ISA are quantified by landscape metrics such as indices of patch density, aggregation, connectedness, shape and shape complexity. The urban thermal intensity is also analyzed based on percent ISA. The results indicate that landscape metrics are sensitive to the variation of pixel values of fractional ISA, and the integration of LST, LSMA. Landscape metrics provide a quantitative method for describing the spatial distribution and seasonal variation in urban thermal patterns in response to associated urban land cover patterns.     

基于随机森林的土地利用分类与景观格局分析

基于景观格局分析方法,分别选取8个反映景观格局类型和6个反映景观水平格局指数用于探索土地利用变化状况.实验结果表明:①基于选择合适的训练样本下,对3期遥感影像采用随机森林的监督分类方法,总体精度均在94％以上,kappa系数均为90％以上;②综合来看,研究期内建设用地为优势景观类型.研究区斑块数量增加,破碎化程度有所加...     

Spatial pattern of urban functional landscapes along an urban–rural gradient: A case study in Xiamen City,China

Since there is an increasing demand for integrating landscape ecology and urban planning theories to study complex urban ecosystems and establish rational and ecological urban planning, we introduced a new concept-urban functional landscapes which can be reclassified based on detailed land use data to fulfill the various urban functions, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure purposes. In this paper, urban functional landscapes were defined based on urban land use data produced from Pleiades images, and then landscape metrics and population density were combined to identify the urban functional zones along an urban–rural gradient. The features of urban functional landscape patterns and population density were also analyzed, and their relationship has been explored. The results showed that the pattern of urban functional landscapes and population density in the urban functional zones (Urban center, Urban peripheral area, Landscape barrier, Satellite city and Far-suburb) along the urban–rural gradient in Xiamen doesn't totally conform to the classical theories in spatial and social aspects. Urban functional landscapes is potential of acting as bridges between the landscape ecology and urban planning theories, providing scientific support for rational urban landscape planning and urban land use policy making.     

Linking land cover dynamics with driving forces in mountain landscape of the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

The mountainous areas of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula have undergone intense land abandonment. In this work, we wanted to determine if the abandonment of the rural areas was the main driver of landscape dynamics in Gerês–Xurés Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (NW Iberian Peninsula), or if other factors, such as wildfires and the land management were also directly affecting these spatio-temporal dynamics. For this purpose, we used earth observation data acquired from Landsat TM and ETM + satellite sensors, complemented by ancillary data and prior field knowledge, to evaluate the land use/land cover changes in our study region over a 10-year period (2000–2010). The images were radiometrically calibrated using a digital elevation model to avoid cast- and self-shadows and different illumination effects caused by the intense topographic variations in the study area. We applied a maximum likelihood classifier, as well as other five approaches that provided insights into the comparison of thematic maps. To describe the land cover changes we addressed the analysis from a multilevel approach in three areas with different regimes of environmental protection. The possible impact of wildfires was assessed from statistical and spatially explicit fire data. Our findings suggest that land abandonment and forestry activities are the main factors causing the changes in landscape patterns. Specifically, we found a strong decrease of the ‘meadows and crops’ and ‘sparse vegetation areas’ in favor of woodlands and scrublands. In addition, the huge impact of wildfires on the Portuguese side have generated new ‘rocky areas’, while on the Spanish side its impact does not seem to have been a decisive factor on the landscape dynamics in recent years. We conclude rural exodus of the last century, differences in land management and fire suppression policies between the two countries and the different protection schemes could partly explain the different patterns of changes recorded in these covers.     

A Patch‐based Cellular Automaton for Simulating Land‐use Changes at Fine Spatial Resolution

While cellular automata have become popular tools for modeling land‐use changes, there is a lack of studies reporting their application at very fine spatial resolutions (e.g. 5 m resolution). Traditional cell‐based CA do not generate reliable results at such resolutions because single cells might only represent components of land‐use entities (i.e. houses or parks in urban residential areas), while recently proposed entity‐based CA models usually ignore the internal heterogeneity of the entities. This article describes a patch‐based CA model designed to deal with this problem by integrating cell and object concepts. A patch is defined as a collection of adjacent cells that might have different attributes, but that represent a single land‐use entity. In this model, a transition probability map was calculated at each cell location for each land‐use transition using a weight of evidence method; then, land‐use changes were simulated by employing a patch‐based procedure based on the probability maps. This CA model, along with a traditional cell‐based model were tested in the eastern part of the Elbow River watershed in southern Alberta, Canada, an area that is under considerable pressure for land development due to its proximity to the fast growing city of Calgary. The simulation results for the two models were compared to historical data using visual comparison, K_simulation indices, and landscape metrics. The results reveal that the patch‐based CA model generates more compact and realistic land‐use patterns than the traditional cell‐based CA. The K_simulation values indicate that the land‐use maps obtained with the patch‐based CA are in higher agreement with the historical data than those created by the cell‐based model, particularly regarding the location of change. The landscape metrics reveal that the patch‐based model is able to adequately capture the land‐use dynamics as observed in the historical data, while the cell‐based CA is not able to provide a similar interpretation. The patch‐based approach proposed in this study appears to be a simple and valuable solution to take into account the internal heterogeneity of land‐use classes at fine spatial resolutions and simulate their transitions over time.     

An analysis of changes in the urban landscape composition and configuration in the Sancaktepe District of Istanbul Metropolitan City,Turkey using landscape metrics and satellite data

Changes in landscape composition and configuration patterns of Sancaktepe Municipal District in the Asian side of Istanbul Metropolitan City of Turkey were analysed using landscape metrics. Class-level and landscape-level metrics were calculated from the land cover/land use data using Patch Analyst, an extension in the Arc View GIS. The land cover/land use data were derived from classified satellite images of Landsat Thematic Mapper of 2002 and 2009 for Sancaktepe District. There was evidence of increase in agglomeration process of built-up patches as indicated by the increases in mean patch size, decrease in total edge and number of patches between 2002 and 2009. The urban expansion pattern experienced overall was not fragmented but concentrated due to infilling around existing patches. Changes in Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index and Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension Index indicated that the physical shapes within built-up, forest and bareland areas were relatively complex and irregular. A conclusion is made in this study that spatial metrics are useful tools to describe the urban landscape composition and configuration in its various aspects and certain decisions whether to approve a specific development in urban planning could, for example, be based on some measures of urban growth form or pattern in terms of uniformity and irregularity, attributable to the dynamic processes of agglomeration and fragmentation of land cover/land use patches caused by urban expansion.