廊坊市排水管网污水改造工程

本文详细介绍了廊坊市排水管网污水改造工程中顶管施工试验段的施工技术,从钻前准备、施工设计、设备选型、工作坑施工、顶管施工进行了说明,最后对施工进行了分析总结,给出了施工中存在的问题和施工经验。     

试论烟水配套工程施工组织设计

安顺市西秀区宁谷镇河坝田烟水配套工程位于安顺城东南,距宁谷镇政府3 km。由于工程工期短、工程量大、施工范围广,在施工中,需结合本工程地形、施工条件及工程特点进行施工布置,本着满足施工强度要求、减少施工干扰、方便施工管理,因地制宜、最大限度利用有利因素的原则进行施工。     

顶管施工工艺浅析

要内随着顶管施工技术的发展,顶管领域出现多种的施工方法,包括泥水平衡顶管施工法、土压平衡顶管施工法、气压平衡顶管施工法等多种施工方法,这些方法有相通点同时也具有各自不同的特点。介绍施工方法的同时,指出几类施工过程中关键技术、质量控制等方面应该注意问题。     

小口径岩心钻探海上施工安全风险管控

小口径岩心钻探海上施工不同于陆地,要借助海上钻探平台作为实施场地进行施工。因其施工环境中风、浪等自然因素所占影响比例较大,其交通运输、施工过程、人员安全防护等都较陆地施工有很大区别。为保证海上岩心钻探施工安全,通过对比分析海上与陆地施工的危险源异同,经过危险源辨识、评价、控制等3个步骤,从技术与管理2个角度,就平台搭建及拆除、施工过程、海上交通、人身防护等方面对海上施工风险进行系统化管理,确保安全施工。     

高原多年冻土隧道施工温度场控制的主要因素

施工温度场的控制对于多年冻土隧道的施工有着重要的意义. 结合青藏铁路昆仑山、风火山隧道的设计与施工, 通过对施工过程中环境温度的测试, 综合分析冻土稳定、混凝土施工、施工人员及施工机械等各方面的因素对施工环境温度的要求, 提出了适合于青藏铁路高原多年冻土隧道的施工环境温度控制范围.     

公路软基施工质量综合控制方法

根据大量公路软基处理的施工实践,提出了公路软基处理施工质量的综合控制方法。实践表明,从软基处理的施工机械、原材料、施工安排、施工过程、施工效率、成品检验、制度威慑等方面进行公路软基施工质量综合控制是有效的,也是必要的。     

世界第一高隧青藏铁路风火山隧道施工新技术

高原、严寒条件下的青藏铁路风火山隧道施工, 在永久冻土区隧道施工技术、合理支护结构形式以及人员健康等方面提出了严峻挑战。采用适用高原严寒条件下的施工方案, 综合利用、保护冻土围岩的隧道施工方法和独特的通风、供暖、供氧和供水等辅助施工作业措施, 并结合施工技术研究, 保证了隧道施工的顺利进行。     

基础灌浆施工技术在水利施工工程中的应用研究

针对现有水利施工工程当中存在的牢固性差的问题,对施工工程进行改进,引入基础灌浆施工技术,以提升在水利工程当中的应用效果.通过钻孔取芯、冲洗、压水、灌浆、封孔5个步骤设计基于灌浆施工技术的水利工程施工流程,并在岩溶地形以及严重漏水的工程环境下实现水利施工工程.经过与传统水利施工工程的对比实验发现,传统水利施工工程能够承受...     

廊坊市排水管网污水改造工程水平定向钻进铺管技术

本文详细介绍了廊坊市排水管网污水改造工程中水平定向钻进铺管施工试验段的施工技术,从钻前准备、轨迹设计、设备选型、水平定向钻进施工进行了说明,最后对施工进行了分析总结,给出了施工中存在的问题和施工经验。     

EPC工程总承包模式下的施工全过程管理

正施工是工程总承包项目建设全过程中的重要阶段,是实现资源的优化配置和对各生产要素进行有效计划、组织、指导和控制的重要过程。EPC工程总承包施工全过程管理以项目施工为管理对象,以取得最佳经济效益和社会效益为目标,以施工管理为中心,以合同约定、项目管理计划和项目实施计划为依据,以质量、安全、职业健康和环境保护、进度、费用和风险管理等入手,贯穿于施工准备、施工问题研究、施工管理策划、施工阶段管理,直至项目竣工验收的所     

矿井深部巷道围岩变形浅析及控制

矿井深部巷道开挖后处于裂隙、塑性、弹性围岩包围范围内。通过计算对包围巷道围岩的3种圈层范围的力学性能进行分析,进而阐述了巷道的变形机制,得出了塑性圈层围岩内的应力应变表述式。对于选择巷道的支护机制,经济有效的控制裂隙化圈层范围的扩大,改善其应力状态,提高其自身的残余强度和承载能力,对深井巷道锚杆综合支护体系的选择,提供了一定的理论支持。     

边坡滚石运动轨迹分段循环算法

边坡滚石是在基本建设中常遇到的一种工程灾害。其防护结构的设计依据主要是边坡滚石的运动轨迹,因而要对这种灾害进行防治,首先要确定滚石的运动轨迹。根据落石运动全过程的三个阶段,即滚动(滑动)运动阶段、抛物运动阶段和与坡面碰撞阶段,利用分段循环算法分别得到了三个运动阶段的运动速度计算公式。以某岩质边坡构建相似模型,将该理论公式应用于落石运动轨迹预测,验证了公式的可行性和有效性。与现有方法相比,分段循环算法具有计算原理简单明确、易于使用等优点。该方法可用于斜坡区滚石运动特征的预测,并可作为斜坡区滚石灾害防治的依据。     

A review of theories of mechanisms of induced seismicity

Theories of the physical processes leading to the stimulation of seismic activity by underground explosions, fluid injection, and reservoir impoundment are summarized. In all cases, the materials must be pre-stressed to a substantial fraction of their breaking strength in order for seismicity to be induced. Stress concentrations due to the presence of old faults or to inhomogeneities in the material properties play an important role in localizing induced seismicity.

For the few cases for which data are available, the stimulation of earthquakes by fluid injection in bore holes is adequately explained by a Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion and the concept of effective pressure in a water-filled porous mechanism. Reservoir-related earthquakes are most likely due to the same mechanism, but, in view of the low injection pressures, additional physical or chemical effects of the water on the materials may play an important role. There may be a weakening of the materials in old fault zones by the introduction of water or static fatigue in silicate rocks due to stress corrosion.     

浅谈钛金属在首饰表面装饰中的运用

钛金属作为一种新型材料在装饰画领域中得到运用,但目前对其在首饰设计中的运用研究甚少.本次研究以钛金属运用到首饰表面进行装饰为目的,通过钛金属单纯氧化、氧化基础上的机械方式、化学蚀刻等制作方式对钛金属表面首饰性装饰进行运用和分析.研究结果表明,在机械方式基础之上,对钛金属表面进行化学蚀刻同时结合单纯氧化可以达到钛金属首饰表面装饰的效果.     

Reaction of zoning of garnet

Compositional zoning of garnet in metamorphic or igneous rocks preserves evidence of the equilibration history of the sample and can be interpreted in terms of a growth-fractionation, diffusion-exchange, or diffusion-reaction model. Diffusion zoning is usually assumed to result from exchange reactions between garnet and other phases as the partitioning coefficient varies in response to changing environmental conditions, primarily temperature. However, in many natural environments where garnet grew originally in divariant equilibrium with other phases, changing conditions can promote continuous or “divariant” reactions and consequent compositional shifts of phases that can be much greater in some systems showing these reactions than those related to the small changes of partitioning. Diffusional zoning related to overstepping of these continuous reactions must be related to incongruent reaction and necessitates formulation of a kinetic diffusion-reaction model involving moving phase boundaries as well as solid-state diffusion. Three samples containing zoned garnets from the metamorphic aureole around the Ronda ultramafic intrusion in southern Spain are used to illustrate two possible models of diffusion-reaction processes. The examples are particularly informative because the reactions are demonstrably irreversible and evidence of the reaction system is preserved. Partitioning data indicates that compositions of product phases are not in equilibrium with the original garnet and do not vary with extent of reaction; therefore, exchange reactions with garnet were not possible and garnet changed composition only by incongruent reaction. After a small amount of reaction, Mg/Fe of the rim composition approaches a value apparently in equilibrium with product phases, but the garnets are zoned inward to the original garnet composition preserved in the interior. Grossularite content is approximately constant and spessartite content variable but small, thus, the rim composition of pyrope or almandine is assumed to be fixed by the external reaction process and is taken as a boundary condition in the following models. The zoning profile of pyrope or almandine component between the fixed rim and core compositions (assumed to extend to ∞) is described in semiinfinite, half-space models appropriate for large garnets with narrow rims. The first model corresponds to a reaction system in which all garnet compositions are metastable (case 1) and zoning depends on the independent variables of the diffusion constant, velocity of the interface between garnet and matrix, and time. The second model, corresponding to systems in which the initial garnet composition is metastable but an equilibrium composition is stable (case 2), depends on the independent variables diffusion constant, time, and a function of reaction compositions. In case 1 the consumption velocity is assumed constant and a steady state zoning profile is reached at large time, whereas, in case 2, the velocity decreases with the concentration gradient and steady state is not possible. The models were tested using a reaction time estimated from cooling models of the aureole, mass of garnet consumed, determined petrographically, and phase compositions. The two cases are somewhat independent in that different parameters are independent variables. The estimate of the diffusion constant of 10^?18±2 cm²/sec (assumed to be a mutual or binary coefficient for almandine and pyrope) is considered reasonable for the temperature range of reaction (probably 600–900° C), and the two models are consistent considering the probable error and possible real temperature differences. It is obvious that details of the metamorphic reaction system must be known to successfully apply diffusion models. Kinetic models, involving consumption or growth of the phase as well as diffusion are probably necessary when dealing with natural rocks. Several possible and interesting complications, such as cross coupling between components, can be investigated if more data were available. Experimental determination of diffusion constants allow natural reaction rates to be estimated by this method. Diffusion zoning is an important consideration that could increase the efficiency of experimentation with chemically recalcitrant phases.     

沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响的数值仿真分析

结合爆破数值模拟中爆破荷载的特点,分析了各种荷载施加方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,基于圣维南荷载等效原理,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载等效后,施加在同排炮孔中心线或者面上来模拟爆破荷载的作用。结果表明,等效施加方法在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好。利用该等效荷载施加方法,采用三维实体模型计算分析了某沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响,计算了周围不同位置、不同深度位置处的振动响应,并在此基础上,分析研究了减小爆破振动对既有结构物影响的减振措施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

Determination of the poroelasticity of shale

Shales play important roles in various civil, energy and environmental engineering applications. Shales are categorized as poroelastic materials due to their tight and very stiff structure, and reliable poroelastic properties are required when dealing with shales. This paper presents simple procedures to determine the poroelastic properties of rocks using oedometer and triaxial consolidation tests. The procedures, which avoid the difficulty to perform determination of the unjacketed bulk modulus of the rock minerals, are demonstrated on a North Sea shale. The experimentally obtained Biot coefficient α and the drained bulk modulus K of the shale range from 0.95 to 0.99, and from 0.17 to 2.00 GPa, respectively. The Biot coefficient α and the drained bulk modulus K values determined from the oedometer and triaxial tests are compared and show good agreement and consistency between the two test procedures. The Skempton’s coefficient B-value of the triaxial samples was also experimentally measured prior to the triaxial consolidation tests. The theoretically predicted B-value varies from 0.81 to 0.96 which is, on the average, only about 10% higher than the experimentally obtained B-value which range from 0.80 to 0.85.

     

Influence of size of granulated rubber on bearing capacity of fine-grained sand

Nowadays, in most of the advanced and developing countries, waste tires have caused serious environmental problems such as fire and environmental contamination. For reusing them in an appropriate and beneficial way, waste tires have been utilized as a lightweight fill material in geotechnical engineering applications such as highway embankments. In this study, Babolsar fine-grained sand and granulated rubber with sizes in the ranges of 1 to 4, 1 to 9, and 4 to 9 mm were used. A series of model footing tests on reinforced sand with different sizes of granulated rubber were carried out. According to the results, 4- to 9-mm granulated rubber had the highest effect on enhancement of bearing capacity and reduction of fine-grained sand settlement. The results showed that sand-granulated rubber mixtures with granulated rubber in the range of 4 to 9 mm and content of 10% by weight of mixture can increase the bearing capacity of sand up to 50%. In addition, for this mixture, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimum width and depth of the reinforcement layer consisting of sand-granulated rubber mixture. The results indicate that the optimum width and the most effective depth of this mixture are 5B and 1B, respectively (where B is the footing width).     

群桩沉降计算理论分析

基于Geddes应力解,并根据叠加原理计算群桩内任意点处的三向应力,采用基于Duncen-Chang本构模型的修正分层总和法计算群桩内任意点处的沉降量,最后,根据基点法[1]和群桩基础荷载、变形协调关系建立方程,从而,最终获得群桩的沉降计算。该理论较常规弹性理论方法计算群桩沉降有较大地改进,具体体现在以下几个方面：（1）考虑了群桩中地基土的三向应力分布对群桩沉降计算的影响;（2）考虑了土体本构模型（Duncen-Chang弹性非线性本构模型）,因而,能计及土体非线性特性对群桩沉降的影响;（3）采用修正分层总和法理论,能考虑土体成层分布特性以及侧向变形对单桩沉降计算的影响。     

下扬子区三叠纪古地理演化

下扬子区在三叠纪期间接受了早-中三叠世海相碳酸盐沉积、中-晚三叠世海陆交互相和陆相湖沼沉积.沉积相带的空间分布和古地理格局的变迁明显地受到区域构造的控制.区内盆地发育与演化是在华南板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块相互作用的背景下进行的.早-中三叠世末期的印支运动是下扬子区构造-古地理格局改变的决定性因素,使下扬子海盆闭合,沉积类型由海相沉积变为陆相沉积.下扬子区三叠纪古地理的演化特征也为板块碰撞提供了沉积证据.