信息

仪器信息网“新品”栏目改版通知仪器新品代表了当前及未来一段时间仪器最新技术的发展方向和相关应用领域的最新需求。为了让广大用户及时了解每年推向市场的仪器新品,仪器信息网于2004年开通了“新品”栏目,该栏目自开通以来已经向广大仪器用户及时、全面地展示了约1000台当年在中国市场上推出的最新仪器及设备。2009年12月“新品”栏目进行了全面改版,目前其基本功能如下。(1)“新品”栏目以大图片、分类形式展示当前最新上市的仪器,广大仪器用户通过该栏目可以随时随地了解自己感兴趣的最新仪器(包括仪器介绍、技术参数、主要特点、主要技术创新等信息);也可以通过搜索仪器名称或厂商名称来查询最新上市的仪器设备。(     

激发极化弛豫时间谱测井仪探测特性理论分析

大庆测井公司提出具有自主知识产权的激发极化弛豫时间谱测井方法,并研制出了仪器原理样机。这里利用数值分析技术计算了仪器的探测特性。对于仪器分辨率,以简化井眼模型为基础,利用格林函数得出了仪器层厚响应的计算公式,并将计算结果与自然电位测井层厚响应对比,给出仪器的定性分辨率为0．4m;对于仪器的探测深度,利用有限元数值模拟方法得到地层中电位分布,并与核磁共振仪器相类比,得出仪器探测深度为0．75m。     

0.2 m高分辨率双侧向测井仪器仿真设计

为满足油田薄层及薄互层开发的需求,采用数值模拟与电路仿真联合的交互式仪器仿真设计方法,开发了高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪器。通过仪器仿真,形成了纵向分辨率为0.2 m、深浅侧向探测深度分别为1.09 m、0.38 m的双侧向测井电极系,并得到了不同地层条件下测量信号的幅度以及视电阻率测量误差。现场应用效果表明,所设计的双侧向测井仪器的纵向分辨率与探测深度达到了理论指标,曲线重复性满足质量要求。仪器仿真方法有效地沟通了理论设计与仪器实现,不仅有助于0.2 m高分辨率双侧向测井仪器开发,同样也适用于电极型测井仪器设计。     

程控步进测控技术在DSG形变测量仪自动标定中的应用

简单介绍程控步进测控技术及其在DSG型(CCD)水平变形测量仪中的应用以及现场自动化标定的实现过程。给出了观测仪器在北京牛口峪地震台的实际应用与现场标定结果:现场标定结果表明:由于在仪器标定系统中引用了步进电机程控技术,明显地提高了仪器标定装置的技术含量,同时也提高了标定精度,克服了在仪器标定中人为因素的影响。在提高仪器的技术指标的基础上,首次实现了断层形变类观测仪器自动化标定的功能。     

测斜仪捞取器简介

某矿区使用JXK-2型小口径测斜仪测斜,于孔深300米处,将仪器卡于孔内,电缆在仪器的上端断开.仪器筒的外径为40毫米.为了在打捞中不损坏仪器,我们采用了改制的捞取器,在仪器未受损坏的情况下,把仪器打捞上来.捞取器的结构见图.卡簧的自由内径为39.30毫米. 用岩芯管连接捞取器下入井内,下降钻具要稳,靠近仪器时要缓慢下降,使之轻轻接近仪器上头,     

关于土壤墒情自动监测精度的探讨

简要介绍了时域反射和频域反射土壤水分监测仪器的工作原理,利用在安徽六安望城岗蒸发实验站土壤墒情仪器自动监测和人工对比观测的数据,分析了土壤墒情仪器自动监测数据的精度;探索了通过对比观测数据修正仪器的土壤水分计算公式参数,提高土壤墒情仪器自动监测精度的方法。     

地震前兆台网仪器安装小结与思考

本文简述地震前兆观测场的要求 ,福建数字地震前兆台网在依据观测场的要求是如何合理分布各观测点。并着重阐述了数字地震前兆台网仪器观测技术系统的组成 ,前兆台网仪器安装过程及仪器安装过程需注意的事项。对福建数字地震前兆台网的安装做了小结。对此次仪器安装过程所遇到的问题如何合理摆放仪器、规范综合布线、传感器密封、避雷地线等做了几点建议。笔者结合多年的维修实际操作经验 ,对地震前兆仪器的设计如何提高仪器标准化、集成化、为维修的方便提出几点思考建议。     

“仪器厂商售后服务满意度”网上调查全面展开

售后服务,不仅涵盖了商品的质量保障、维修保养、零部件供应等一系列内容,还涉及企业信用、品牌美誉度等。随着中国仪器市场的不断扩大与逐渐成熟,广大仪器企业所提供的售后服务质量存在参差不齐的现象,仪器用户对售后服务环节变得越来越为关注。近年来,仪器信息网"仪器论坛"有关售后服务的发帖量呈上升趋势。     

重庆地质仪器厂——企业产品介绍

<正>重庆地质仪器厂(原地质矿产部直属骨干企业)建厂于一九六九年,四十年来聚集了国内地质勘探仪器研制和生产方面的优秀人才,并注意吸收国际先进的电子仪器制造技术,发展至今成为"中国地质装备总公司"直属专业从事地球物理勘探仪器研制生产的国家重点企业和国内物探仪器的生产基地。目前拥有的产品:"电法勘探仪器"、"测井勘探仪器"、"地震勘探仪器"、"传感器(检波器)"、"放射性勘探仪器"等五大门类各种类型的地质仪器,广泛应用于地质找矿、工程勘探、地震监测、寻找地下水等相关行业,得到用户的信任,取得了可靠的地质成果,为企业     

WLD-4C型光电直读光谱仪的开发与应用

报道了北京现代瑞利仪器有限责任公司研制的具有完全自主知识产权的新一代光电直读光谱分析仪(WLD-4C型)。对仪器的机械系统、电器系统、激发光源及计算机软件等作了重大改进,其专有技术保证了仪器的优良性能,与同类仪器相比具有较高的性能价格比,可广泛应用于冶金、机械制造、质检等行业的多种合金的化学成分的分析。重点阐述了仪器结构、工作原理、主要参数、分析性能以及主要特点。     

Operational principle,testing, and applications of the AWID-flat jack for absolute stress determinations using voltage measurements

Summary Stress measurements can be performed with the, measuring principle for a flat jack discussed in this paper without any material parameters of the flat jack being of influence. This means that no calibration measurements are required by this flat jack for absolute measurements and there is no dependence on temperature. It is called Absolut Widerstands Druckmesskissen or short AWID-Flat Jack.Basis of evaluation is a change in the electrical resistivity of the flat jack, which is caused by two metal sheets separating from each other when inflated with hydraulic oil as soon as the external pressure is reached.Besides theoretical considerations concerning the mode of operation of the flat jack, this paper presents laboratory measurements performed in an autoclave as well as in a tube filled with salt grit under a uniaxial press. Changes of stress can be measured if the flat jack is cemented into a borehole under initial stress. The absolute stress of the bedrock can be measured after a certain time of adjustment in rock capable of creep (salt, clay, etc.).The advantages of the AWID measuring system are confirmed by in situ-measurements in a salt pillar loadable with variable pressure.In a temperature experiment at the Asse salt mine (Federal Republic of Germany) where the salt was heated up to 200°C, the advantages of the AWID measurement system were confirmed.     

平壤柳京饭店基岩变形特性现场测定

平壤柳京饭店是一座正在建设中的摩天大楼,共105层,高323.55m。地基主要由细粒砂岩、粉砂岩及粉砂质粘板岩组成,其中前者占50%以上。现场试验采用一种经过改进的BJ-110钻孔弹模计,用它测定的模量就是真实值,不需要任何修正。测试成果表明细粒砂岩的弹性模量介于6—14GPa,粉砂岩约为21GPa,粉砂质粘板岩小于3GPa。大楼建设过程中曾进行了沉降观测,根据大楼自重及沉降值反算基础的平均变形模量为6GPa,与测量结果对照,两者比较接近。本文还提出了一种估算基础整体变形模量的近似方法。     

A new modified borehole jack for stiff rock

Summary The modified borehole jacking method, as introduced by De La Cruz in 1978, has important theoretical advantages over the common method which is associated with the name Goodman. So far, however, the modified method has not succeeded, mainly due to a lack of suitable instrumentation. To overcome this problem, a new type of modified borehole jack has been designed, built and tested. The new jack incorporates two highly innovative components: a recoverable sensor for measuring tangential strain at borehole surfaces and stacked hydraulic cylinders for extra-high load outputs.The new jack has been developed to the point at which its technical feasibility under field conditions, including its capability of yielding meaningful results, is demonstrated. Calibration in a hollow steel cylinder revealed that the new modified jack yields the correct Young's modulus within an error margin of less than ±5%. In-situ jacking tests were carried out at a major dam construction site. Results were obtained from both common and modified borehole jacking and from conventional laboratory testing of drill cores. The results of these tests are presented and discussed against the background of the particular rock conditions at the site.     

An approach to large-scale field stress determination

The construction of stable structures in rock masses requires knowledge of the in situ stresses at the scale of excavations. However, the measurements obtained by the conventional overcoring technique are related to a small scale (centimetres). To extrapolate them to the scales of interest to rock mechanics (from meters to kilometres) requires a large number of individual stress measurements, followed by statistical analysis to avoid a considerable scatter of the measured values. In this paper, a method is proposed based on (a) large-scale surface stress and modulus measurements using the cylindrical jack method complemented by a special measuring scheme and then (b) back analysis for a given excavation shape. The method allows the simultaneous reconstruction of the stress components at the scale of excavation. A numerical simulation for a cylindrical excavation in an isotropic rock mass demonstrates the high accuracy and robustness of the method. The presence of a fractured zone surrounding the excavation can hamper the stress reconstruction, hence special measures should be taken to conduct the measurements in competent rock.     

Correlated microanalysis of zircon: Trace element, δO, and U-Th-Pb isotopic constraints on the igneous origin of complex >3900 Ma detrital grains

The origins of >3900 Ma detrital zircons from Western Australia are controversial, in part due to their complexity and long geologic histories. Conflicting interpretations for the genesis of these zircons propose magmatic, hydrothermal, or metamorphic origins. To test the hypothesis that these zircons preserve magmatic compositions, trace elements [rare earth elements (REE), Y, P, Th, U] were analyzed by ion microprobe from a suite of >3900 Ma zircons from Jack Hills, Western Australia, and include some of the oldest detrital zircons known (4400-4300 Ma). The same ∼20 μm domains previously characterized for U/Pb age, oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O), and cathodoluminescence (CL) zoning were specifically targeted for analysis. The zircons are classified into two types based on the light-REE (LREE) composition of the domain analyzed. Zircons with Type 1 domains form the largest group (37 of 42), consisting of grains that preserve evolved REE compositions typical of igneous zircon from crustal rocks. Grains with Type 1 domains display a wide range of CL zoning patterns, yield nearly concordant U/Pb ages from 4400 to 3900 Ma, and preserve a narrow range of δ¹⁸O values from 4.7‰ to 7.3‰ that overlap or are slightly elevated relative to mantle oxygen isotope composition. Type 1 domains are interpreted to preserve magmatic compositions. Type 2 domains occur in six zircons that contain spots with enriched light-REE (LREE) compositions, here defined as having chondrite normalized values of La_N > 1 and Pr_N > 10. A subset of analyses in Type 2 domains appear to result from incorporation of sub-surface mineral inclusions in the analysis volume, as evidenced by positively correlated secondary ion beam intensities for LREE, P, and Y, which are anti-correlated to Si, although not all Type 2 analyses show these features. The LREE enrichment also occurs in areas with discordant U/Pb ages and/or high Th/U ratios, and is apparently associated with past or present radiation damage. The enrichment is not attributed to hydrothermal alteration, however, as oxygen isotope ratios in Type 2 domains overlap with magmatic values of Type 1 domains, and do not appear re-set as might be expected from dissolution or ion-exchange processes operating at variable temperatures. Thus, REE compositions in Type 2 domains where mineral inclusions are not suspected are best interpreted to result from localized enrichment of LREE in areas with past or present radiation damage, and with a very low fluid/rock ratio. Correlated in situ analyses allow magmatic compositions in these complex zircons to be distinguished from the effects of secondary processes. These results are additional evidence for preservation of magmatic compositions in Jack Hills zircons, and demonstrate the benefits of detailed imaging in studies of complicated detrital zircons of unknown origin. The data reported here support previous interpretations that the majority of >3900 Ma zircons from the Jack Hills have an origin in evolved granitic melts, and are evidence for the existence of continental crust very early in Earth’s history.     

基于现场试验的岩体变形模量尺寸效应研究

岩体力学参数具有随机性和不确定性,合理确定岩体力学参数是岩土工程稳定性分析的基础和关键。以某水电站前期研究的110个钻孔弹模测试数据为研究样本,对其进行了统计特征分析,确定变形模量的概率分布特征更符合Weibull分布。以钻孔弹模仪承压板尺寸为岩体变形模量研究的样本尺度,岩体由该尺度的岩样叠加而成,建立了不同尺寸的立方体岩体数值分析模型,按照Weibull分布随机给出各岩样的变形模量,在此基础上对不同尺寸的岩体分别进行5 000次单轴压缩试验的数值模拟,得到了不同尺度岩体等效变形模量的变化特征,确定了岩体等效变形模量的REV。基于现场实测岩体变形模量与概率统计理论相结合研究岩体变形模量是一个新的尝试,可为该水电站工程岩体力学参数的合理取值提供依据。     

Displacement analysis of tunnel support in soft rock around a shallow highway tunnel at Golovec

Within the last 10 years Slovenia has been constructing its highway network. The Golovec tunnel, as a part of Slovenia's capital ring is thus one of the most important connections of Ljubljana to the east and to the north. It is a double tube three-lane tunnel in soft rock with small to medium overburden. Its construction, following NATM, caused huge problems to all parties involved. The tunnel support was well monitored during its construction, which gave the authors a good opportunity to analyse the results.The Golovec tunnel is constructed through one of few hills surrounding Ljubljana, of Carboniferous age, consisting of clastic rock: siltstone, claystone and sandstone. Golovec hill belongs to the first of two overthrusting zones from this area, so the rock is strongly faulted.Tunnel monitoring consisted of daily 3-D tunnel tube displacement measurements in 97 measuring sections, and of two measuring sections within the tunnel with more complex measuring equipment, to monitor stress changes and rock deformations around both tunnel tubes. Monitoring of the surface 3-D movements gave us the opportunity to study the influence of the tunnel construction on the surface above it. The tunnel, its geology, construction procedure and monitoring results are described in the first part of the paper.The second part consists of the interpretation of monitored results, with an emphasis on results concerning development and evolution of the excavation-damaged zone in the rock around the tunnel. Back-calculations, performed as a basis for the interpretation procedure, are also presented in this part. Calculations of the propagation of the tunnel destressed zone and stress-field around the tunnel, up to the surface, were performed by means of numerical model with the finite difference method. The evolution of tunnel displacements and their prediction was based on the use of Back Propagation Neural Networks, whose principles are presented in one chapter of this paper. Results showed that the most important, for the final settlement at the surface above the tunnel, was the time of installation and rigidity of the primary support. On the basis of the calculated final displacements, this support could easily be strengthened in a short time, when necessary.     

岩石粘弹塑性模型的研究

根据岩石粘聚力在流变中的作用提出了新的流变机理,建立了新的一维粘弹塑性本构模型,推导了相应的一维蠕变本构关系和相应的一维松弛本构关系,并对蠕变实验结果进行了模拟,结果表明该模型能够反映岩石流变的全过程和模拟岩石蠕变中的第三蠕变,可以避免建模中的模型识别过程,反映岩石流变的机理,物理意义明确,适用范围广。实验证明该模型是合理的。     

Cavity expansion in cross‐anisotropic rock

Schistous rock can be considered—in a first approximation—as cross‐anisotropic linear elastic material. The determination of the corresponding material constants on the basis of the laboratory investigation of rock samples often fails, as the extraction of appropriate cores proves to be unfeasible (the cores disintegrate if the schistosity is pronounced). In this paper a new method is presented to determine the material constants of a linear elastic cross‐anisotropic rock on the basis of cavity expansion field tests, e.g. with a radial jack. To this purpose, an analytic approximation for the deformation of a hydrostatically loaded cylindrical cavity in cross‐anisotropic rock is derived which serves to the inverse analysis of the material parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西气东输管道工程FA014+2～FA014+3号桩跨越场地的边坡稳定性评价

通过野外地质调查确定研究区的区域地震活动、工程地质条件和受力边界条件, 采集样品进行测试获取岩体的基本物理力学指标, 在此基础上进行不同条件下 (天然、饱水、饱水 +震动力 )的边坡三维模拟定量分析, 评价边坡的稳定性, 提出工程建议。