海洋测高卫星的激光定轨

综述了海洋测高卫星激光定轨的发展近况,论述了我国将发射的HY-2海洋二号卫星实现激光定轨的技术途径及其达到厘米级精度定轨的可能性。     

略论海洋测高卫星GPS厘米级定轨的实施基础

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,认为我国HY-2海洋二号卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基础是:选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;选择适合GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

星载激光后向反射镜阵列的技术参数

我国的HY-2海洋二号卫星已处于研制之中，它将装备星载激光后向反射镜阵列，以便实施星载激光定轨。依据对星载激光后向反射镜阵列的研制实践，提出了完整表述星载激光后向反射镜阵列技术参数的建议。     

基于星载GPS数据的HY-2B卫星简化动力学精密定轨

为研究满足HY-2B星载GPS定轨要求的EGM2008重力场模型合理阶次和HY-2B卫星简化动力学定轨精度,采用HY-2B卫星14天星载GPS观测数据及不同阶次EGM2008重力场,进行简化动力学轨道确定。结果表明：采用120阶及以上阶次的EGM2008重力场模型,能够获得厘米级高精度定轨结果。同时,检核结果显示：采用简化动力学法定轨时,载波相位残差结果稳定在6.2～6.8 mm之间,重叠轨道对比结果在轨道径向、切向、法向上均优于0.6 cm, SLR检核整体轨道精度优于4 cm。定轨结果满足测高卫星需求,可为后续我国海洋系列卫星精密轨道确定等相关科学研究提供借鉴。     

星载GPS误差源及定轨精度分析

星载GPS对低轨卫星定轨受多种误差源的影响。对CHAMP卫星星载GPS数据的误差源进行了分析,并将定轨结果与德国地球科学中心提供的精密卫星轨道数据相比较,对定轨精度进行了详细分析,为CHAMP卫星精密定轨提供了误差分析基础。     

改进单组CEI基线对卫星定轨精度的影响研究

短基线相位干涉测量是一种被动测角卫星定轨跟踪方法,测量精度高。利用该方法采用单组正交双基线对静地卫星的定轨精度进行了仿真计算,并分别采用物理延长东西基线和东西基线阵列两种方法来考察对卫星定轨精度的改进情况。仿真结果表明,物理延长东西基线可以显著提高定轨精度;若星下点与跟踪网相距较远,则东西向基线阵列可显著提高定轨精度,且该方法对我国北斗卫星群的整体定轨效果很好,能进行几十米级的定轨。     

GPS卫星测量技术在海洋开发中的应用展望

在２１世纪入航运行的ＧＰＳ新型工作卫星,将为动态用户提供稳定的厘米级实时点位精度,将给海洋测量提供一种应用更广的高新技术。本文论述了ＧＰＳ新型工作卫星的主要特点,展望了ＧＰＳ卫星测量技术在海洋开发中的广泛应用,提出了监测海洋灾害的技术新途径。     

导航卫星在海洋测绘中的应用及其展望

回顾了卫星多普勒定位和GPS卫星定位技术在我国海洋测绘中的应用,进而展望了GNSS在下述几方面将成为海洋测绘未来应用的新亮点:导航卫星将为海洋强国建设发挥重大作用;GNSS三频接收机将为海域测量开创新篇章;GNSS导航卫星能够为机载激光测深系统提供更高精度的在航7维状态参数和3维姿态参数.     

北斗二代卫星导航系统定位精度分析方法研究

卫星导航系统的定位精度主要受观测量的精度和卫星的空间几何分布两方面的影响,GPS等相同轨道分布的卫星导航系统一般采用几何精度因子（GDOP）来分析定位精度。我国的北斗二代卫星导航系统是由三类异质卫星组成的混合星座导航系统,不同轨道卫星定轨误差不同,用户所得到的观测量精度也不相同,因此精密定位精度计算和分析时必须要考虑这种差异。引入了加权几何精度因子（WGDOP）,利用模拟观测数据对北斗二代卫星导航系统的定位精度进行了分析。外部检核计算结果表明,精密定位计算时顾及观测量精度差异可进一步提高定位精度。     

GPS卫星测量技术的新发展

在1991年初春的海湾战争中,以美国为首的多国部队给陆、海、空三军装备了17 000台GPS信号接收机;实战应用证明,GPS是作战武器的效率倍增器,GPS是赢得海湾战争胜利的重要技术条件之一。此后,世界上许多国家加速了GPS卫星信号的开发利用,以致GPS卫星测量技术迅速扩展了它的应用领域,本文主要综述了GPS技术的新发展。     

利用GPS拖体在万山区域测量平均海面技术研究

Wanshan area has been chosen to be the specified field to calibrate and validate(Cal/Val) the HY-2 altimeter and its follow-on satellites. In March 2018, an experiment has been conducted to determine the sea surface height(SSH) under the HY-2 A ground track(Pass No. 203). A GPS towing-body(GPS-TB) was designed to measure the SSH covering an area of about 6 km×28 km wide centered on the HY-2 A altimeter satellite ground track. Three GPS reference stations, one tide gauge and a GPS buoy were placed in the research area, in order to process and resolve the kinematic solution and check the precision of the GPS-TB respectively. All the GPS data were calculated by the GAMIT/GLOBK software and TRACK module. The sea surface was determined by the GPS-TB solution and the tide gauge placed on Zhiwan Island. Then the sea surface of this area was interpolated by Arc GIS10.2 with ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that the precision of the GPS-TB is about 1.10 cm compared with the tide gauge placed nearby, which has an equivalent precision with the GPS buoy. The interpolated sea surface has a bias of –1.5–4.0 cm with standard deviation of 0.2–2.4 cm compared with the checking line. The gradient of the measured sea surface is about 1.62 cm/km along the HY-2 orbit which shows a good agreement compared with the CLS11 mean sea surface(MSS). In the Cal/Val of satellites, the sea surface between the tide gauge/GPS buoy and the footprint of altimeter can be improved by this work.     

HY-2C卫星海面高度数据的质量分析

卫星海面高度数据对于监测全球海面高度具有重要的意义,所以卫星高度数据的定标和检验变得至关重要。海洋二号C（HY-2C）卫星是继海洋二号B卫星后的第二颗业务卫星,于2020年成功发射升空。然而,目前对HY-2C卫星高度计的数据质量了解甚少,所以对HY-2C卫星的海面高度数据进行质量分析具有重要的意义。本文以同期观测的HY-2B卫星和Jason-3卫星的地球物理数据（GDR）为参考,对HY-2C卫星遥感地球物理数据（SGDR）中的海面高度数据进行质量分析。结果显示,在星星交叉定标中使用3种常见的交叉定标插值方法对HY-2C卫星的海面高度异常数据进行自交叉点分析时,HY-2C卫星海面高度异常数据质量分析的结果不同。其中使用三次样条插值方法进行质量分析的结果最优,得到海平面高度异常差的平均值为0.03 cm,标准差为6.17 cm。此外,对HY-2C卫星和HY-2B卫星互交叉点海面高度异常差异的平均值为?0.47 cm,标准差为5.32 cm;HY-2C卫星SGDR与Jason-3卫星GDR的海面高度异常数据进行互交叉点分析,得到海平面高度异常差的平均值为?0.3 cm,标准差为5.32 cm,这些数据表明HY-2C卫星的测高精度与HY-2B卫星、Jason-3卫星一致。因此HY-2C高度计产品数据质量稳定,能满足海洋应用和科学研究的需要。     

Improvement of Sea Surface Height Measurements of HY-2A Satellite Altimeter Using Jason-2

Abstract

HY-2A, which was launched on 16 August 2011, is the Chinese first microwave ocean dynamics environment satellite. Analyses of HY-2A daily sea-level anomaly data and HY-2A–Jason-2 (H-J) dual crossover sea-level anomaly differences show that HY-2A has measurement differences that mainly refer to an orbit error. H-J crossover differences and HY-2A–HY-2A (H-H) crossover differences give an estimate of the HY-2A orbit error. Smoothing cubic-spline functions are then used to obtain a continuous estimation of the HY-2A orbit error over time. On the basis of the simultaneous global minimization of H-J dual crossover differences and H-H crossover differences, the HY-2A observation error is efficiently reduced and height measurement data that are more precise are obtained. Specifically, the range bias/trend of the HY-2A altimeter is removed effectively and the root mean square of H-J crossover sea-level anomaly differences decrease from above 60?cm to 5.64?cm, and the standard deviation of H-J crossover differences decreases from 6.68 to 5.64?cm. Furthermore, the rms and standard deviations of H-H crossover differences both decrease from 7.46 to 6.55?cm. The results show that HY-2A after correction has a measurement accuracy and precision that are comparable to those of Jason-2.     

HY-2卫星雷达高度计时标偏差估算

卫星雷达高度计是海洋遥感监测的重要传感器之一,测高系统和定轨系统是高度计重要的组成部分。若两系统使用不同的系统时钟,则获得的轨道高度和卫星测距值之间可能会存在一个时标偏差,该时标偏差会降低卫星雷达高度计的海面高度测量精度。针对HY-2卫星雷达高度计的时标偏差问题,本文分析了时标偏差对测高精度的影响,介绍了一种使用自交叉点数据估算时标偏差值的方法,并基于HY-2卫星雷达高度计第21个周期数据开展了时标偏差修正实验。时标偏差修正后HY-2自交叉点的海面高度差值(也称"不符值")分布收敛程度有了明显的提高,其RMS均方根值从24.7 cm减小到了7.0 cm,HY-2与Jason-2互交叉点的不符值的RMS也从16.6 cm减小到了7.3 cm。这表明本文介绍的时标偏差修正方法可有效地提高HY-2卫星雷达高度计的测高精度。     

Absolute calibration of HY-2A and Jason-2 altimeters for sea surface height using GPS buoy in Qinglan,China

GPS buoy methodology is one of the main calibration methodologies for altimeter sea surface height calibration. This study introduces the results of the Qinglan calibration campaign for the HY-2A and Jason-2 altimeters. It took place in two time slices;one was from August to September 2014, and the other was in July 2015. One GPS buoy and two GPS reference stations were used in this campaign. The GPS data were processed using the real-time kinematic (RTK) technique. The fi nal error budget estimate when measuring the sea surface height (SSH) with a GPS buoy was better than 3.5 cm. Using the GPS buoy, the altimeter bias estimate was about -2.3 cm for the Jason-2 Geophysical Data Record (GDR) Version ‘D' and from -53.5 cm to -75.6 cm for the HY-2A Interim Geophysical Data Record (IGDR). The bias estimates for Jason-2 GDR-D are similar to the estimates from dedicated calibration sites such as the Harvest Platform, the Crete Site and the Bass Strait site. The bias estimates for HY-2A IGDR agree well with the results from the Crete calibration site. The results for the HY-2A altimeter bias estimated by the GPS buoy were verifi ed by cross-calibration, and they agreed well with the results from the global analysis method.     

我国第一颗海洋卫星HY-1A的应用潜力研究

继美国1997年发射专用的海洋水色卫星"海星"号(SeaStar)后,2002年5月15日我国成功地发射了专门海洋水色卫星HY-1A.首先概要地介绍了HY-1A卫星的性能和特点;其次运用辐射模拟仿真得到的综合信噪比这一概念从理论上评价了HY-1A卫星资料的利用率,同时利用接收到的HY-1A卫星资料,通过与美国海洋水色卫星资料的比较,评价了测量精度;最后从海洋水色、水温等海洋要素的反演结果讨论了HY-1A卫星资料的应用潜力.研究结果表明,我国的第一颗海洋卫星将在海洋环境监测、海洋资源的管理、保护和开发以及国家权益等方面将有很大的应用潜力,并提出了改进建议.     

中国HY-2卫星雷达高度计有效波高真实性检验

Chinese Haiyang-2(HY-2) satellite is the first Chinese marine dynamic environment satellite. The dual-frequency(Ku and C band) radar altimeter onboard HY-2 has been working effective to provide operational significant wave height(SWH) for more than three years(October 1, 2011 to present).We validated along-track Ku-band SWH data of HY-2 satellite against National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) in-situ measurements over a time period of three years from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014, the root mean square error(RMSE) and mean bias of HY-2SWH is 0.38 m and(–0.13±0.35) m, respectively. We also did cross validation against Jason-2 altimeter SWH data,the RMSE and the mean bias is 0.36 m and(–0.22±0.28) m, respectively. In order to compare the statistical results between HY-2 and Jason-2 satellite SWH data, we validated the Jason-2 satellite radar altimeter along-track Ku-band SWH data against NDBC measurements using the same method. The results demonstrate the validation method in this study is scientific and the RMSE and mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data is 0.26 m and(0.00±0.26) m,respectively. We also validated both HY-2 and Jason-2 SWH data every month, the mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data almost equaled to zero all the time, while the mean bias of HY-2 SWH data was no less than –0.31 m before April2013 and dropped to zero after that time. These results indicate that the statistical results for HY-2 altimeter SWH are reliable and HY-2 altimeter along-track SWH data were steady and of high quality in the last three years. The results also indicate that HY-2 SWH data have greatly been improved and have the same accuracy with Jason-2SWH data after April, 2013. SWH data provided by HY-2 satellite radar altimeter are useful and acceptable for ocean operational applications.     

Study on application potentiality of the first China''s ocean satellite HY-1A

INTRODUCTIONSincethe 1 970s,withtherapiddevelopmentofearthobservationbymeansofspacehightechnology ,themarineopticalremotesensingshowsmoreandmorelatentcapabilitydaybyday .TheUSAlaunchedthefirstoceancolorsatelliteNimbus - 7,withthepayloadofcoastzonecolorscanner (CZCS)in 1 978andoperateduntil 1 986 .TheexcellentimagesofCZCSwerefirstappliedtothefindingofthetemporalandspatialdistributionofoceancolor (chloro phyll,suspendedmaterialandyellowsubstance)oftheearthbyhumanity .Sincethen ,themari…