土地利用遥感动态监测体系设计

一、土地利用遥感动态监测体系概述 （一）土地利用遥感动态监测的概念 土地利用动态监测,即将同一区域不同时相的土地利用数据进行对比,从空间和数量上分析其动态变化特征及未来发展趋势。土地利用遥感动态监测是基于同一区域不同年份的图像间存在着光谱特征差异的原理,来识别土地利用状态或现象变化的过程。其本质是对图像系列时域效果进行量化,通过量化多时相遥感图像空间域、时间域、光谱域的耦合特征,来获得土地利用变化的类型、位置和数量等内容。     

基于GIS的广州市土地利用遥感动态监测与变化分析

以1997、2003年广州市的Landsat TM影像为基本数据源,在遥感和地理信息系统处理软件的支持下,经过几何纠正、图像裁剪和图像增强处理后,采用最大似然比法结合人工目视解译对影像进行了识别分类,获得了广州市两个时相的土地利用分类数据,并进行了分类精度评价.然后建立了土地利用转移矩阵,并利用数值统计的方法,从不同角度分析了1997～2003年广州市土地利用变化的过程,包括土地利用变化的数量、速度、空间转移及其区域差异等.另外,经济发展、人口的增长、城市化建设等因素是广州市土地利用变化的主要驱动力.     

山东省土地利用动态遥感监测应用研究

该项目采用PCI V8.1遥感图象处理软件，对SPOT，TM，ETM卫星数据进行了校正、配准、镶嵌和多源多时相遥感数据融合，采用3种方法对土地利用变化信息进行提取，通过野外调查验证和GPS实地测定对变化图斑的空间数据进行精确定位，实现了RS与GPS的有机结合，提高了监测成果的准确性和可靠性，获得了快速、准确、翔实的矢、栅、属一体化监测成果。     

利用卫星遥感动态监测资料加快土地利用数据库的更新

烟台市福山区在1：1万土地利用数据库的基础上，利用法国SPOT-5卫星遥感监测资料对土地利用数据库进行更新，将历年的变更资料人数据库，统一更新到2002年度。高分辨率卫星遥感图像的应用能为土地信息系统的建设和数据库的更新提供多源、多尺度、实时、丰富的信息源，保证土地利用基础资料的现势性和可靠性。     

对土地利用动态遥感监测数据共享的探讨

本文从土地利用动态遥感监测数据的特点和共享现状出发,主要针对该数据的可应用领域、当前的云GIS技术、国家政策以及成功的案例等方面,对土地利用动态遥感监测数据共享的可行性进行了详细分析和探讨,提出了目前存在的共享难点,具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

厦门市土地利用年际变化遥感分析

采用多步骤遥感图像分类以及后分类变化检测方法所得到的厦门市1989、1995和2000年的图像分类图及土地利用变化转换矩阵,查明了厦门市1989～2000年的土地利用变化：城乡建设用地、耕地以及林地／园地等主要用地类型的面积及变化;大量耕地被城市扩展侵占,数量不断减少,质量不断下降。分析认为,工业化和城市化的发展、人口的增长以及自然地理条件等因素是厦门市土地利用发生变化的主要驱动力。研究表明,利用3S技术可以快速有效地对城市土地利用年际变化进行动态监测,揭示城市土地利用动态变化的特点及其内在规律,为城市规划和政府决策部门提供参考依据。     

土地利用遥感动态监测技术方法介绍

采用遥感技术进行土地利用动态监测是一条行之有效的方法。遥感监测方法多种多样。但为了确定变化类型,要引入遥感图像分类方法。遥感分类方法一直是遥感技术方法研究的重要领域。迄今为止,目视解译仍是成功的分类方法;在今后相当长的一段时间内,目视解译分类与计算机自动分类将协调发展。我国土地利用遥感动态监测方法主要采用目视解译、计算机自动分类及目视解译与计算机图像处理相结合的方法,其中,目视解译的方法一直占有重要地位。随着高分辨率传感器的相继问世,利用多平台遥感数据融合进行监测研究将有利于提高分类、监测精度。我国的土地利用遥感监测研究正深入开展,并将在计算机信息提取及监测方法上取得更大的成果。     

2003—2010年青岛经济技术开发区土地利用高分辨率遥感变化监测

该文以青岛市经济技术开发区为研究区域,利用2003,2007和2010年3个时相的遥感影像,分析了土地利用的变迁状况。研究表明,在研究时段的7年间,耕地面积减少趋势显著,总面积减少了1 727.00hm2;另一方面工矿仓储用地面积直线上升,总面积增加了1 703.12hm2。总体上来说,主要表现为耕地向工矿仓储用地和城镇住宅用地的转化,两者的转化量分别占耕地减少总面积的71.16%和14.35%;其次是林地和空闲地向工矿仓储用地的转化,前者的转化量占林地减少总面积的68.86%。     

Economic Structure Transformation and Land Use Change of the Changjiang River Basin

1 Introduction Economic development in any country or region entails a long process of structural change in production as GDP and income per capita rise. In addition, economic de- velopment requires a long period of structural transfor- mation in materials inputs through reallocating natural resources (Cipolla, 1962). Land, as a crucial element and a key factor of production, is always the best witness of such transformations. In China, one of the largest countries in the world, 13.5% of its…     

塔里木河流域综合治理生态要素变化的遥感分析

采用多种类、多时相遥感数据对塔里木河流域综合治理后的耕地变化和干流绿色走廊带的植被、沙质荒漠化和盐碱质荒漠化等主要生态要素进行了动态监测,结果表明:(1)1999-2008年间,流域耕地面积逐步扩大,从167.17万hm2增长到207.51万hm2。其中,塔里木河干流区耕地面积增加最快,叶尔羌河、开都河-孔雀河与和田河三流域稳步增加,而阿克苏河流域耕地面积先增加,后减少。除阿克苏河流域外,塔里木河流域等其他三流域和塔里木河干流,在2004-2008年间的面积增长速度明显大于1999-2002年和2002-2004年两个时段。(2)2002-2004年间,塔里木河干流绿色走廊带生态环境明显改善,主要表现为植被覆盖度的提高、沙质荒漠化土地面积的减小和强度减弱、盐碱质荒漠化土地的强度减弱等。耕地面积的大幅度增加引起的灌溉用水量的增大,对长期采用输水实现塔里木河的生态功能恢复具有长期性制约作用。     

THE DRIVING FORCES OF LAND USE/COVER CHANGE INTHE UPSTREAM AREA OF THE NENJIANG RIVER

IINTRODUCTION niques in China（ZHANG。t al，1999； CHEN et al，2000b）．Since the early 1990s，he acceleration of land With its abundant forest，land and water re－use／cover change（LUL乙）has spurred renewed con－sources，the area of the Nenjlang River valley Is one ofcerns about the role ofland use change Indrlvingmany the lmpoFtant lumber products and commodity grainenvironmental problems．Research on the causes and ba…     

Soil Erosion under Different Land Use Types and Zones of Jinsha River Basin in Yunnan Province, China

Severe soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River has been regarded as a major environmental problem. The on-site impact of soil erosion on agricultural production and the off-site impact on floods and sedimentation in Yangtze Rive are well known. A quantitative assessment of soil erosion intensity is still scanty for developing appropriate soil erosion control measures for different land use types and zohes in this region. This article constructs a localized USLE and estimates the average soil loss in the Jinsha River Region in Yunnan Province, one of the priority areas for soil erosion control in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River. The estimation is done under different land uses and zones in this basin. The estimation shows that while soil erosion in the cultivated land is the most severe, 36～40% of the garden and forest land suffers from soil erosion of various degrees due to lack of ground cover and other factors. Soil erosion in the pasture is modest when the ground cover is well maintained. It also confirmed that terracing can reduce soil erosion intensity significantly on the cultivated land. Research findings suggest that sufficient attention must be paid to regeneration of the ground cover in reforestation programs. In addition to mass reforestation efforts, restoration of grassland and terracing of the cultivated land should also play an important role in erosion control.     

Land use change and anthropogenic driving forces: A case study in Yanhe River Basin

Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the detection of changing land use patterns in the Yanhe River Basin in northern Loess Plateau of China between 1995 and 2008. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the changing land use patterns and to explore the related anthropogenic driving forces. Results show that:1) Totally, 186 590 ha of cropl...     

AN ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE CHANGES IN FUQING COUNTY OF CHINA USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY

Fuqing County of southeast Chian has witnessed significant land use changes during the last decade.Re-mote sensing technology using multitemporal Landsat TM images was used to characterize land use types and to monitor land use changes in the county.Two TM scenes from 1991and 1996 were used to cover the county and a five-year time period.Digital image processing was carried out for the remotely sensed data to produce classified images.The images were further processed using GIS software to generate GIS databases so that the data could be further spatially analyzed taking the advantages of the software.Land use change areas were determined by using the change detection technique.The comparison of the two classified TM images using the above technologies reveals that during the five study years,a large area of arable lands in the county has been lost and deforestation has taken place largely because of the dramatic in-crease in built-up land and orchard.The conclusive statistical information is useful to understand the processes,causes and impacts of the land use changes in the county.The major driving force to the land use changes in the county ap-peared to be the rapid economic development.The decision makers of the county have to pay more attention to the land use changes for the county‘s sustainable development.     

辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区新生代断裂特征与圈闭类型

通过对辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区构造特征研究,将新生代盆地划分为初始裂陷、伸展断陷、挤压拗陷3个演化阶段。新生代构造以张性断裂为主,兼具走滑和反转特征,其中,沙四、沙三期为伸展断裂系统,沙一、沙二至东营期为走滑断裂系统,馆陶期为挤压断裂系统。沙箱模拟实验证明,挤压反转构造受断层下盘施力方式控制,与基底走滑作用有关,伸展断裂控制的断鼻状构造和挤压背斜构造是高升斜坡带和牛心坨隆起带上较为有利的目标优选类型。     

汉江流域湿地变化及其生态健康评价

湿地是土地资源类型的重要组成部分,湿地景观格局的变化与气候变化、土地利用变化密切相关。为了获取汉江流域湿地资源现状以及变化特征,科学地诊断湿地生存现状和保护湿地资源,本文基于2000、2005和2010年3期遥感卫星监测数据,分析2000-2010年来汉江流域湿地景观变化特征。运用压力-状态-响应模型分别从3个不同的角度搜集影响汉江流域湿地生态健康状况指标因子,并利用层次分析法获取评价指标权重因子,最终基于模糊层次综合分析模型定量评价汉江流域整体及上中下游湿地生态健康状况。研究结果表明：① 10年间汉江流域湿地总面积呈下降趋势,但汉江流域湿地面积随时间推移变化强度逐渐放缓;② 汉江流域湿地生态健康状况具有明显的空间差异,自西北向东南健康状况由健康向脆弱趋势变化,根据模糊层次综合评价模型得出,汉江上游流域湿地生态健康隶属于健康,中游流域湿地生态健康状况隶属于亚健康,下游区域湿地生态健康状况则隶属于脆弱状态,汉江流域湿地整体景观生态健康状况为亚健康。     

黄河三角洲油田集中区土地利用演化的遥感分析

本文利用多时相的 TM卫星影像及相关资料 ,圈定油田集中区 ,并提取其土地利用要素 ;就 1984～ 1999年15年来 ,黄河三角洲油田集中区内土地利用变化进行分析。结果表明 ,油田集中区是处于生态极其脆弱的地带 ,土地利用类型变化比较快 ,变化的面积所占的比例相对较大。     

Analysis on spatial difference of land use change based on physical and cultural landscape attributes

Land use changes are regarded as landscape pattern change driven by many interactive natural and social-economic factors. Different combination of physical geographical elements induced the difference of spatio-temporal pattern of land use change. There are four physical geographical regions in Mongolian Autonomou County of Qian Gorlos of Jilin Province. Based on spatial analysis and statistical analysis, we conclude that the primary pattern of land use and the tendency of land use changes are all different in four physical geographical regions. During 1987 – 1996, the dominant land use change processes were from grassland or forest to arableland, from unused land to paddy and grassland to unused land. Though land use change is mainly affected by social and economic condition in short period, the composite characters of physical geographical elements controls land use dynamic process. The relationship between land use dynamic process and the character of physical geographical units differ in different regions. Possible human impacts on land use change are explored with application of buffer areas of series distance along main roads and radius around main settlements. A few models are built to describe the relationship between land use spatial change rates and distance to road and settlements. According to our result, the relationship with the proximity to roads was a negative liner function, with the change rate decreasing rapidly when moving away from roads. Within a distance of less 7.5km from main traffic lines, land use changes occur red more. The bulk of grassland was apt to be opened up for cultivation around the settlements and the transformation from dryland to paddy occurred within the distance of 1km away from settlements. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of sciences (KZCXI - Y - 02); the Key Ninth Five-Year Plan (96 - B02 - 01); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49901017). Biography: HUANG Fang (1971 – ), female, a native of Jilin Province, Ph. D. candidate of Changchun Institute of Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interests include application of remote sensing and GIS.