四川西部现代热泉型金矿化的发现和初步研究

四川西部现代热泉分布广泛，但以往对于其含金性没有研究资料。本文报道了对四川西部巴塘县热坑一带、理塘县热水塘一带及康定县木格错一带现代热泉及其水热活动产物中含金性初步调查的结果，发现热水本身携带有金，泉华堆积物中钙质部分含金较低、铁硅质部分含金较高，以强烈硅化的蚀变围岩含金最高，整体矿化水平与云南腾冲热泉型金矿相似。建议在三江地区对现代热泉的含矿性进行专门调查，并注意对深部矿化情况的调查研究。     

二道松花江沉积物重金属特征及其潜在生态风险

为了查明第二松花江河源区水体环境状况,通过测定二道松花江及其主要支流沉积物中重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的质量分数,探讨了沉积物中的重金属浓度特征,并采用潜在生态风险指数法对该河流沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：二道松花江及其主要支流沉积物中重金属元素分布不均匀,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg质量分数平均值分别为4.47×10^-6、0.158×10^-6、35.81×10^-6、10.57×10^-6、0.040×10^-6,总体处于较低水平;沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险总体上处于轻微生态危害程度,但在金银别河处于极强生态危害程度,以Hg的生态风险为主。     

江西密坑山火山岩型铍矿的发现及其意义

火山岩型铍矿是金属铍重要的矿床类型,它每年提供了全球80%以上的铍资源量,因此,寻找和发现该类型矿床对于提高我国铍资源的安全供给能力至关重要。本文作者经过前期野外地质调查、分析测试和野外地质剖面测量等工作,在江西密坑山陆相火山盆地发现上湾、松岽和荣荆坝等三处火山岩型铍矿。按照赋矿围岩的不同,可以将它们分为碎斑熔岩中黄玉硫化物石英脉型和凝灰岩中破碎带蚀变岩型两种成矿类型。碎斑熔岩中黄玉硫化物石英脉型主要呈大脉、细脉和网脉状或团块状产出,矿石主要由黄玉、石英、白云母、黑云母、闪锌矿、方铅矿、锡石、黑钨矿、辉钼矿、硅铍石和羟硅铍石等矿物组成;已发现碎斑熔岩黄玉硫化物石英脉约20余条,Be含量一般在106×10^-6～850×10^-6之间。凝灰岩中破碎带蚀变岩型主要沿凝灰岩中的破碎带展布,矿石主要由石英、萤石、绿泥石、闪锌矿、方铅矿、锡石、绿柱石、硅铍石和羟硅铍石等矿物组成;已发现凝灰岩破碎带蚀变岩型矿化体4条,Be含量一般在40×10^-6～2790×10^-6之间,且随着蚀变强度的增强而升高。与铍矿化有关的热...     

河南省栾川县老定沟钼矿床地质特征与找矿标志

老定沟钼矿位于豫西熊耳山地区,区内岩浆活动频繁,断裂构造发育,具有良好的成矿条件,是我国金、银、钼、铅、锌等有色金属重要成矿带之一.矿化带受北西西向断裂和中酸性侵入体控制,主要有K₁、K₂两条构造蚀变带,其中K₁中的3条工业矿体呈脉状,厚度稳定,Mo品位0.01×10^-2~0.48×10^-2.北西西向矿化蚀变带是主要的构造找矿标志,硅化、绢云母化是主要的蚀变标志,辉钼矿化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化为主要的矿化标志.矿体深部未封闭,找矿前景较好.     

黔北上二叠统底部发现REY、Nb、Zr和Li等关键金属异常富集层

在黔北上二叠统底部铁铝质黏土岩、下部煤层及其顶底板炭质黏土岩中发现其富集稀土、铌、锆和锂等关键金属元素,其中铁铝质黏土岩REY、Nb、Zr和Li平均含量分别为807×10^-6、143×10^-6、1107×10^-6、375×10^-6,下部煤层及其顶底板炭质黏土岩中REY、Nb、Zr和Li平均含量为分别为555×10^-6、104×10^-6、786×10^-6、116×10^-6。显示出该区域该层位具有关键金属矿床良好的找矿前景。     

广西茅尾海入海河口表层沉积物重金属分布及风险评价

为揭示茅尾海入海河口表层沉积物中重金属分布特征及生态风险,在茅岭江、大榄江、钦江入海河口采集13件表层沉积物样品进行重金属分析。研究结果表明,茅尾海沉积物中重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn含量平均值分别为7.78×10^-6、0.14×10^-6、37.6×10^-6、18.9×10^-6、0.004 8×10^-6、22.5×10^-6、54.7×10^-6,均低于GB 18668—2002的一类标准。沉积物中重金属空间分布差异较大,茅尾海东部工业区和西部茅岭江附近具有较高的重金属含量。重金属污染分析表明,大部分重金属元素显示为无污染—轻度污染水平,Cr具有中等污染水平;生态风险分析显示,重金属总体处于较低潜在风险,东部工业区Hg、Cd显示出中等生态风险。通过相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析探讨重金属污染物来源,结果显示重金属污染主要受河流控制,Hg、As、Cd还受到临港工业区废水排放的影响。综合研究表明,茅尾海生态环境总体较好,但...     

板片俯冲过程中Co、Ni的分布及迁移特征——以西南天山为例

在板片俯冲过程中,基性洋壳、下伏蛇纹石化岩石圈地幔和覆盖在俯冲洋壳上的大洋沉积物在不同深度会依次发生板片脱水作用和沉积物熔融,形成的俯冲带熔/流体可携带某些元素交代地幔楔,进而通过弧岩浆作用返回地壳。同时,俯冲板片内不同组分之间也会发生化学成分的迁移和交换,并最终进入深部地幔,造成地幔不均一性和不同程度壳幔相互作用。本文报道了我国西南天山典型高压-超高压变质带中蛇纹岩、辉石岩、绿片岩、蓝片岩和榴辉岩内各矿物相的主量元素及Cu、Co、Ni含量数据。结果表明,除辉石岩中透辉石的Cu含量较高(1.26×10^-6～76.9×10^-6)外,其它硅酸盐矿物的Cu含量均在1.0×10^-6～10.0×10^-6左右;而Co和Ni在不同岩性及不同矿物之间显示较大的含量差异：蛇纹岩中蛇纹石的Co和Ni含量分别为22.6×10^-6～49.6×10^-6和482×10^-6～1097×10^-6,榴辉岩中绿辉石的Co和Ni含量分别为6.0×10...     

棉花坑铀矿床红色硅化蚀变岩地球化学特征及对铀成矿的指示

棉花坑铀矿床是我国重要的花岗岩型铀矿床,其铀成矿与硅化蚀变作用关系密切,但硅化蚀变与铀成矿之间的成因联系研究相对薄弱,尤其对早期红色硅化蚀变流体特征研究较少。文章选取棉花坑铀矿床早期红色硅化蚀变岩、微晶石英进行了主量、微量及稀土元素分析,结果表明：棉花坑铀矿床红色硅化蚀变岩亏损Zr、 Nb、 Ta等高场强元素,富集U等元素;w(∑REE)值较低,为(10.3～109.2)×10^-6,且稀土元素配分模式与赋矿围岩基本类似,暗示红色硅化蚀变流体贫稀土元素,矿化物质主要来自赋矿围岩;同时其Sm/Nd、Pb/Ce和La/Ba值分别为0.27～0.39、0.97～8.11、1.76～16.81,指示了红色硅化蚀变流体为浅源和深源的混合。棉花坑铀矿床红色微晶石英中w(Al)值介于(45～157)×10^-6之间,含量相对较低且变化范围较小,暗示流体的pH值变化较小;结合红色微晶石英型铀矿化品位相对较低的特征,推测红色微晶石英中w(Al)值变化特征可作为红色微晶石英型铀矿化铀品位相对高低的重要判据。     

分形模型在黑龙江漠河地区金矿成矿预测中的应用

以漠河地区4 830个样品的化探数据为基础,采用“Ｃ-Ａ”(含量-面积)分形模型,通过对Au、Cu、Zn、Pb分维计算,揭示出各元素空间分布的分形结构特征和无标度区范围,得出Au、Cu、Zn、Pb元素化探异常下限值分别为3.1×10^-9、28.1×10^-6、114.1×10^-6、28.4×10^-6,圈定出33个金异常区。根据金异常区与主要地质要素及Cu、Zn、Pb异常区的关系,确定远景区分布于白卡鲁山－长缨站、笔架山－马林林场、蒙克山－防火站、富乐－阿木鲁山,共8个区域具有金矿找矿前景。预测结果表明,5个已知金矿化点落入其中2个预测区内,其余6个预测区中呈无已知矿化点,但具有找矿前景。     

西天山浅成低温金矿容矿火山岩地球化学及成矿环境初探

20世纪90年代,在新疆西天山北段晚古生代火山岩区内相继发现了阿希大型金矿床及其外围的伊尔曼得、恰布坎卓它等金矿床(点),并进一步确定了其系产于晚古生代火山岩内的浅成低温矿床.矿床赋存于伊犁晚古生代火山岩区的吐拉苏-也里莫墩火山岩带中.矿床围岩为下石炭统大哈拉军山组中基性-中酸性陆相火山岩系,以钙碱性为主,少量碱性系列岩石,具有富硅、钠、贫钾、铝、镁、钙成分和里特曼指数偏高的特点;岩石稀土元素含量中等(ΣREE=41.59×10^-6~135.83×10^-6),属于轻稀土富集型(含量29.05×10^-6~95.37×10^-6),分镏程度较高;容矿火山岩以K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子元素富集和Ti、Y、Yb、Sc等亏损为特征,接近于板内过渡型玄武岩系列岩石;火山岩和矿石²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为17.5269~18.6644,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.1073~16.0108,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为37.3670~38.1958,具壳幔混合源特征;含金石英脉锶同位素初始值与区内容矿火山岩、矿化有关蚀变矿物十分接近,介于0.705~0.709之间,显示成矿作用与火山岩系的密切成因联系;文中结合容矿火山岩时空分布和成矿地球化学特征的讨论分析,揭示了金矿成矿与容矿火山岩的内在联系,确立了金矿化的陆内裂谷环境特点,建立了浅成低温热液型金矿的第三种成矿背景,拓宽了找矿区域.     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤成烃潜力与成气热模拟实验

鄂尔多斯盆地煤的Ｒｏｃｋ Ｅｖａｌ分析结果表明，在肥煤—焦煤阶段，Ｓ１＋Ｓ２达最大值，随后生烃潜力减弱。煤的Ｐｙ ＧＣ分析及热模拟成气实验结果证实煤成气具有３个生气高峰，分别相应于Ｒｏ，ｍ０５％～０７％、１０％～１４％及２５％，表明煤成气具多阶段性的特点。这一规律性的认识有助于煤成气的勘探和开发。同时，随煤级增高，煤成烃特征亦发生有规律的变化：异构烃减少，正构烃增加；类异戊二烯烷烃分布亦存在多变性或多阶段的演化特点；苯系化合物具波动性变化特征。     

Gold Mineralization and Occurrence of Sinter in the Hoshino Area, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

Abstract. Several epithermal gold deposits occur in the Hoshino area, which is located in the western end of the late Cenozoic Hohi volcanic zone, north‐central Kyushu, Japan. The area is characterized by intermediate to felsic extrusive rocks of Pliocene age. In the Hoshino area, the shallow manifestation of the hydrothermal activity is exposed on the surface. Several outcrops of sinter are still preserved on the top of hydro thermally altered volcanic rocks, and high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins occur on the surface at lower levels. The hydrothermal alteration resulted into well‐developed alteration zones. The zonal alteration pattern, primarily of near‐neutral pH type, is characterized by the outer smectite zone of a lower temperature, and the inner mixed layer minerals zone of a higher temperature. Quartz vein‐related or fracture‐controlled alteration, is represented by the occurrence of interstratified illite/smectite and K‐feldspar, suggesting a potassium‐enriched alteration. The mineralization in the Hoshino area is recognized on the surface by the occurrence of gold‐bearing quartz veins distributed mainly in the mixed layer minerals zone. The fracture system related to the gold mineralization is mainly characterized by NW‐SE trend. The alteration pattern and the mineralogical composition of the veins suggest that the mineralizing fluids had near‐neutral pH and the mineralization is of low‐sulfidation‐type. Fluid inclusion data and textures observed in quartz veins indicate that gold precipitated during boiling. The chemical composition of quartz veins shows that high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins are characterized by higher content of Al₂O₃, K₂O and Rb. Several outcrops of silica‐sinters are distributed on the top of the mixed layer minerals zone. Although their structures are not very well preserved, because of later silicification, the Hoshino sinters still show characteristic textures identical to those observed in modern sinters, such as the presence of plant fossil incorporated into the sinters, the strongly developed depositional laminations and the columnar structures perpendicular to the depositional surfaces. Quartz is the only silica mineral constituting the Hoshino sinters presently. The conversion of amorphous silica into quartz was probably governed by higher temperatures resulting from later hydrothermal activity. This later hydrothermal activity is reflected by the intense silicification affecting mainly the lower parts of the sinters and also by the presence of quartz veins cutting the sinters. The distribution of sinters in the Hoshino area is very significant. The presence beneath the sinters of concealed high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins should be highly considered and exploration work is strongly suggested.     

论拉尔玛金（铀）矿床热液隐爆机构及其与金成矿的关系

在拉尔玛金铀矿床研究中鉴别出一种新的金矿控矿构造──热液隐爆机构。该机构在平面上呈近椭圆形,剖面上呈漏斗状,顶部为一由热液硅岩构成的“硅盖”,中心部位为热液隐爆角砾岩,其分布范围与金矿体吻合。热液隐爆机构的形成机制为：在硅岩与板岩的交界处形成的热液硅岩“盖”阻塞了热液系统,导致出现过压的地热环境,约49．5Ma时,由于东西向断裂复活,使脆性的硅岩发生破裂,最终导致了热液隐爆作用的发生。热液隐爆作用促使金元素从热液中沉淀,而热液隐爆机构则为金矿化提供了赋存空间。     

长坑矿田金,银矿床地球化学特征及形成差异分析

长坑矿田金、银矿体主要产于下石炭统与上三叠统不整合面之下的硅质岩中,金、银矿体分离。金矿体主要为浸染状,富集As、Sb、Hg;银矿体主要为脉状,富集Cu、Pb、Zn。金矿体铅同位素组成与寒武纪—石炭纪地层及硅质岩的相同,银矿体铅同位素组成与金矿体的不同。金、银矿体的氢、氧、碳同位素组成也明显不同。银矿体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为70.4Ma。据上述特征,笔者认为长坑金、银矿床是不同成矿作用形成的,金矿主要是热水沉积形成,银矿主要是燕山期晚期改造形成。     

滇西墨江金厂金矿床时空四维结构模型

对墨江金厂金矿关键性地质问题研究结果表明,矿区金厂韧性剪切带（ＳＺｊｃ）、ＮＷＷ向褶皱构造和金矿超镁铁岩体侵位构造是不同成矿期的控矿构造,金矿床有三种成因类型,分别对应三期三种不同类型的成矿作用。     

“煌斑岩”与金矿的实际观察与理论评述

新的分析资料和研究表明,Ｒｏｃｋ等人提出的煌斑岩中温热液金矿成因模式在理论上和实际上都存在明显的问题,根据金和铂族元素,铜等元素的地球化学相关性,可以鉴别出绝大多数金异常高的煌斑岩类岩石受到次生蚀变和金富集作用。一些钾玄岩类岩石与中温热液金矿时空上的密切共生,是由于两者形成的构造环境相同,扩大“煌斑岩”这个术语的运用及其所包含的岩石类型,容易造成岩石学分类的混乱,并给岩石学和经济地质学研究带来困扰     

安徽滁县琅琊山一带燕山期岩浆岩成因及区域找矿方向

滁县琅琊山铜矿床是长江中下游成矿带北东段滁县-庐江铜金成矿带的一部分,为安徽东部目前发现规模最大的铜及伴生金矿床。与成矿关系密切的滁县岩体,长期以来前人鲜有系统的地球化学研究,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,系统采集了一套滁县岩体样品,发现其地球化学特征与典型的埃达克岩基本一致:具有SiO2>56%,Al2O3≥15%,富Sr、Ba和Cr、Ni,具有高的Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N值,但Y和Yb含量低,无明显Eu异常,另外岩石具有较高的MgO、Mg#及Sr/La值,显示海水蚀变MORB相似的地球化学特征。分析认为,该区燕山期岩浆岩为洋壳俯冲产物,属比较典型的和成矿有关的埃达克岩,伴随着该期侵入岩的上侵,富含Cu、Au的成矿物质随着温度、压力或者氧逸度的降低,在合适的部位富集成矿。对比分析了上腰铺岩体的地球化学特征,认为它和滁县岩体特征基本一致,应该有着相似的成岩成矿背景。同时在滁县岩体西南段发现一条含微细粒黄铁矿碎裂状白云岩质硅化带,在上腰铺岩体周边发现一条多金属矿化硅质脉,并对琅琊山含铜矿化矽卡岩及上述白云岩质硅化带和多金属矿化硅质脉进行了地质分析和痕量元素测试,认为它们与燕山期侵入岩有着密切的关系,上腰铺岩体周边可以作为下步铜及伴生金矿床勘查的新的远景地区,同时指出该区找矿不能只盯着矽卡岩型铜金矿而忽视多金属矿化硅质脉新类型矿的寻找。     

The Alshar epithermal Au-As-Sb-Tl deposit, southern Macedonia

The results of tectono-metallogenic, geological-structural, mineralogical, isotopic, and thermobarogeochemical studies at the Alshar deposit and in the adjacent area are discussed. The data obtained show that the gold mineralization at the deposit is similar to that observed at the Carlin-type deposits in the western United States. Similar characteristics include the Au-As-Sb-Tl-Hg geochemical assemblage; low Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ag contents in ore; widespread jasperoid and argillic metasomatic alterations of host siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentary rocks; and the spatial relations to fault zones. At the same time, the Alshar deposit differs from the Carlin-type deposits by the following features: (1) Pliocene age of mineralization, (2) expansion of mineralization over younger volcanics, (3) a high Tl grade in ore, and (4) localization of the ore field in a long-lived central-type magmatic structure. The results obtained can be used as an exploration model.     

Styles of lode gold mineralization contributing to the placers of the Indian River and Black Hills Creek,Yukon Territory,Canada as deduced from microchemical characterization of placer gold grains

Between 1978 and 2009, approximately 430,000 oz of placer gold were obtained from the Indian River and Black Hills Creek, which equates to roughly 20% of the production for the entire Yukon Territory during that period. The area is unglaciated, exposure is poor, and there are few known lode gold occurrences present. The technique of microchemical characterization of placer gold grains has been applied to illuminate the style(s) of source mineralization and their relationship to placer gold from the Klondike gold district immediately to the north. A total of 2,613 placer gold grains from 22 localities were characterised in terms of the Au, Ag, Cu, and Hg content of their alloy and associated suite of opaque mineral inclusions. A combination of alloy and inclusion mineralogy was used to define gold signatures which augmented the previous classification of orogenic gold in the Klondike. Gold type 3b (8–25% Ag) is the main component of the placers in lower Dominion Creek but is augmented and eventually replaced by type 3a gold (10–40% Ag) in placers in the main Indian River valley, probably through erosion of gold-bearing veins in the valley floor. Type 4 gold exhibits highly variable Ag which may contain Hg to a maximum of 11 wt.%. This gold type also hosts a distinctive inclusion assemblage of complex polymetallic sulphides, tellurides, sulfotellurides, and sulfosalts and has previously been ascribed to local low sulfidation epithermal mineralization. Placer gold in drainages radiating from Eureka Dome exhibits various proportions of types 3 and 4 gold depending on location, but type 3 gold forms the major component in Black Hills Creek and northerly flowing tributaries of the Indian River with the exception of Eureka and Montana creeks. Type 5 gold is found only in placers in the middle and lower Indian River. It is distinguished by slightly elevated (0.05–0.17%) Cu in the gold alloy, together with low (5–9%) Ag contents. Inclusions of Bi minerals, Cr-bearing magnetite and molybdenite within type 5 gold suggest derivation from an intrusion-related source. Candidates for such a source include undiscovered lode occurrences associated with Cretaceous age intrusions to the south of the Indian River, or deformed Cu-Au (−Mo) porphyry occurrences which are known to be present in the same area. This analysis of placer gold has indicated that the contribution of low sulfidation epithermal gold from Eureka Creek to the larger placers of the Indian River is minor. Consequently, the placer gold inventory of the Indian River is primarily orogenic in origin. Similarly, the characterization of placer gold in Blackhills Creek strongly suggests an orogenic source. This study has demonstrated for the first time that orogenic lode gold mineralization extends a considerable distance to the south of the southern Klondike goldfield. This information contributes to the regional models of gold mineralization in an area which is currently the focus of intensive exploration.     

甘肃枣子沟金矿的矿化特征及矿床成因

枣子沟(又称早子沟)金矿位于西秦岭造山带西南缘与松潘-甘孜构造结的过渡部位,金矿化主要赋存于中三叠统古浪堤组钙质、硅质板岩和闪长岩岩脉中.矿体主要受NE、NW和近SN向断裂构造控制,其中NE向矿体为主要矿体.根据容矿岩石不同将枣子沟金矿的矿石分为蚀变板岩型矿石、蚀变脉岩型矿石和石英-辉锑矿型矿石.主要的金属矿物包括黄铁...