安徽宁国地区岩-土系统元素迁移及其农业地质环境效应

通过多条基岩-土壤剖面和区域性土壤地球化学样品的微量元素丰度测试,分析了宁国地区不同基岩类型地球化学元素在岩石和土壤中分布的基本特点,表明同一地层的岩-土系统在不同地点有基本相同的元素迁移规律,导致土壤中的微量元素分布特征受控于其下地质单位的空间分布,植物生长必需的微量营养元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Mo、Zn、B6种元素表现出在南华纪-寒武纪地层中向土壤强烈富集的趋势．岩-土系统元素迁移特点对宁国市天目山区重要名优特产品-山核桃的生长环境产生重要影响,该区主导性名特优产品-山核桃,应该选择南沱组、兰田组、杨柳岗组、华严寺组、西阳山组等地层出露的地段种植才能产生好的经济效益．     

基于灰色理论的西藏暴雨洪涝预测

以西藏38个气象站点1985-2014年实测降水量为基础数据,应用灰色预测模型和长序列趋势拟合方法预测2015-2019年的年降水量和季节降水量,经2015-2017年的实测降水数据验证,其结果良好,最后以调整后的降水距平百分率为洪涝指标,分析2018年、2019年的洪涝预测情况。结果表明,西藏2018年降水集中在东南部地区的林芝、米林、波密和察隅一带, 2019年降水主要集中在芒康地区,季节上春季降水主要集中在雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区,夏季主要在索曲河、怒江上游地区,秋季主要在嘉黎、林芝、波密一带,冬季降水集中在聂拉木地区。2018年和2019年洪涝易发生在春季和冬季,洪涝情况都相对正常,大部分县区为无涝或正常状态,少数县区为轻微洪涝,极少数县区为中涝或特涝, 2019年洪涝情况相较于2018年整体偏多,其中在2018年的拉孜县和2019年的拉萨城关区,极有可能出现特涝灾害。     

大同煤田北部中侏罗统煤中伴生元素分布特征及其地质意义

为研究大同煤田中侏罗统煤中伴生元素地球化学特征及地质意义,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、X射线衍射法（XRD）、光学电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试方法分析煤田北部9个煤层中伴生元素含量和赋存特征。结果表明:煤中微量元素含量低,其有益元素（Li、Ga）含量均远低于边界品位,不具伴生成矿开发潜力,但2号煤中Co与Zn、9号煤中Tl和11-2号煤中Be等有害元素较为富集,是世界煤平均值的3倍以上,其环境影响值得关注。煤中主要矿物是高岭石与石英,高岭石主要充填在结构镜质体中,指示其同生成因,石英往往具有很好的晶型,指示其自生成因;少量的黄铁矿和方解石充填在显微裂隙中,指示其后生成因;磷灰石与有机质结合。煤中微量元素Ni和Mo可能主要以有机质结合态存在,其他元素主要赋存在无机矿物中,Si主要以石英形式存在,部分Si和Al以及Li、Cr、Ga和Nb存于黏土矿物中,Fe和Mn以及Cd、Zn、Tl赋存于黄铁矿中;Ca和Mg以及Co主要赋存在碳酸盐矿物中;P、Be、Sr和Ba可能存在磷灰石中;Rb赋存在石盐类矿物中。垂向上看,大同组存在2个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回由下至上,水动力条件逐渐降低,水体由浅到深,陆源碎屑供给越来越少,这2个旋回间可能经历了较强的地质作用。总体看,在成煤期,随沉积作用的进行,聚煤盆地中碎屑物质输入逐渐减少,活性物质逐渐增加。      

Groundwater salinity in Greve, Denmark: determining the source from historical data

Elevated salinity in groundwater (over 250?mg/l chloride) in a fractured chalk aquifer in the municipality of Greve, Denmark, has been attributed to seawater intrusion from the Baltic Sea, resulting in the closure of a number of wells nearest to the coastline. However, a recent study in eastern Denmark shows that the salinity could also be from ancient connate pore waters. Historical chemistry data from bulk-water samples collected from wells have been used to determine the source. The sample data were studied with respect to their historical changes and temporal trends in chloride, carbonate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Wells in the southern third of the municipality are relatively low in sodium and carbonate and high in chloride and calcium/magnesium, indicating waters undergoing saline intrusion. Wells in the northern two-thirds of the municipality are high in carbonate and sodium, but low in chloride and calcium/magnesium, indicating a freshening of the aquifer. This is confirmed by the temporal trends in chloride, where chloride levels in the northern wells remain constant, whereas in the south, chloride increases as abstraction continues. Therefore close monitoring for seawater intrusion should be conducted in the southern third of the municipality.     

中国金红石矿床成矿地质条件及成矿远景

中国金红石矿床成因类型不一,控矿因素各异。通过对地层、构造(包括大地构造环境及褶皱)等控矿因素,区域变质作用、岩浆作用、热液作用、风化及沉积作用等成矿地质条件及矿床分布等规律的归纳与研究,提出了陕西石泉-镇坪、陕西丹凤-西峡、河南南召-方城、湖北枣阳-河南新县、湖北英山-潜山、江苏徐州-东海、山东栖霞-荣城、山西代县-河北涞水、四川会东9个金红石成矿远景区。并圈定出山东省荣城曲家、安徽凤阳板桥、湖北郧西土门—涧池、湖北七里坪大悟仙山、山西代县义成沟—羊廷寺、河北涞源司各庄、河北丰宁黄土梁等7个找矿靶区。     

内蒙赤峰安家营子金矿微量元素特征

通过对未蚀变岩石、近矿蚀变围岩及矿区内产出的黄铁矿中微量元素的分析对比，指出本区最佳指示元素是Ａｕ、Ｃｕ、Ｂｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｍｏ、Ａｓ；矿区产出的黄铁矿都富含Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ，但富金黄铁矿中还富含Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ；成矿温度影响着含金黄铁矿中微量元素含量，成矿温度高的矿床中黄铁矿之Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｈｇ、Ｚｎ含量低，而更富金     

中国矽卡岩矿床找矿新进展和时空分布规律

近年来,中国矽卡岩矿床找矿取得了很大的新进展:西藏冈底斯成矿带和班公湖-怒江成矿带发现和探明了十余个大中型矽卡岩铜、金多金属矿床;在青海西部祁漫塔格成矿带发现和探明了不少铁多金属矽卡岩矿床;在东部地区发现和探明了一批大型隐伏的矽卡岩矿床,如河北白涧铁矿床、江西朱溪钨多金属矿床、湖南锡田锡钨矿床、福建上房钨矿床等。在新疆西天山发现和探明了一批大(中)型与火山-侵入活动有关的矽卡岩铁矿床。另外,在新疆发现白干湖、沙沟等大型钨矿床,在甘肃也发现和探明了大型钨矿床。学者们对上述矿床进行了较详细的研究。中国主要矽卡岩矿床最新同位素测年资料表明,矽卡岩矿床的生成时代从元古宙、古生代、中生代到新生代都有,但最重要的成岩成矿期是中生代的燕山期。在空间分布上,赵一鸣等(1990)曾划分出14个重要的矽卡岩成矿带,通过广大地质工作者的努力,在西藏、新疆和青海等省(区)找矿工作的重大进展,又新增4个矽卡岩成矿带,即西藏冈底斯成矿带、班公湖-怒江成矿带、青海祁漫塔格成矿带和新疆西天山成矿带。     

近40a来江河源区生态环境变化的气候特征分析

利用月气象资料,对过去40a江河源气候变化特征进行分析,并与全球、全国、青藏高原进行了比较.结果表明:江河源区气温具有增暖趋势,近40a两地年平均气温分别增加约0.8℃和0.7℃,为高原异常变暖区.黄河源区变暖的主要特征是最低气温变暖,日照时数增加;最低、最高气温的显著变暖,以及较黄河源区增加更长的日照时数是长江源区变暖的主要特征.长江源区冬季变暖的作用不是主要的,春季、夏季和秋季的变暖作用比冬季还要大;黄河源区的变暖也并不主要是冬季变暖造成的,秋季变暖的作用与其相当,其它季节的变暖作用也不能忽视.近40a来江河源区降水量略有增加,主要体现在20世纪80年代中后期以来春季与冬季降水量的明显增加,夏季降水量虽然总体上没有明显变化,且局地夏季降水量呈持续减少趋势.与全球、全国以及高原区对比显示,江河源区对全球气候变暖的响应最敏感,变暖首先从长江源和整个高原发端,之后15a.黄河源和全国才进入显著温暖期.黄河源与长江源北部降水量的增加表明,气候变暖有利于高原增加降水量.     

西南三江新生代矿集区的分布格局及找矿前景

西南三江地区是我国最重要的新生代成矿区（带）,其中分布着一系列各具特色的矿集区,如以铜多金属为主（玉龙）,以铅锌为主（金顶）,以稀土为主（牦牛坪）,以金为主（哀牢山）等等。研究中在对这些矿集区的基本特点进行归纳的基础上,探讨了矿集区分布的基本格局（即两横两纵两斜加一点）及其构造背景,认为进入新生代以来,中国经历了“东降西隆”的构造大反转,而三江正好位于枢纽部位,地壳块体水平方向强烈的挤压和垂直方向活跃的运动可能是制约三江地区地质构造和成矿格局的主要原因。在此基础上,提出了3个可以扩大远景的矿集区和3个潜在的矿集区,进一步探讨其新的找矿方向。     

The evolution of the Huangling uplift and its control on the accumulation and preservation of shale gas

There are plenty of Sinian and Cambrian potential shale gas resources in South China, which is characterized by high thermal evolution degrees, poor drilling performances and only occurs in local areas. Taking the principle “high to find low” is the key issue to achieving a breakthrough in older shale. China Geological Survey drilled in the periphery of the Proterozoic basement, i.e. the Huangling anticline, in the western Hubei, and Hannan paleocontinent in the southern Shanxi. It received high-quality gas-bearing shale with relatively low Ro in the in Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation and Sinian Doushantuo formation. Based on geological conditions of shale gas reservoirs in the Huangling anticline, this paper puts forward the new model named “Control over reservoirs by periphery of basement” about shale gas accumulation, suggesting that the shale deposited in a deepwater continental shelf in the periphery of the basement is characterized by shallow burial, a short burial time, stable tectonics, relatively low thermal evolution degrees, and shale gas reservoirs in a good condition. The shale of the Sinian-Cambrian strata deposited in deepwater continental shelves in the periphery of Chuanzhong paleo-uplift in Sichuan, Hannan paleocontinent in the southern Shanxi, Huangling anticline in western Hubei and Jiangnang-Xuefeng paleo-uplift in Hunan and Guizhou province have good shale gas exploration potential.     

Wind erodibility in eastern Ningxia Province, China

Many methods have been used to study wind erosion, a common phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper documents a 2006 field study in which sediment samplers and steel pins were used to measure soil erosion, and sand drift potential was used to estimate wind erosion and transport in the eastern part of Ningxia Province, China. Wind energy in the study area was found to be moderate and sediments were transported from northwest to southeast. Sediment transport differed depending on the surface type: sediment transport was greatest in areas of shifting dunes, with cultivated land, semi-fixed dunes, and fixed dunes showing progressively less transport. Sediment transport was lowest in shrubland areas. The depth of erosion was 66 in cultivated areas, 33 in shifting dunes, 28 in semi-fixed dunes, 20 in fixed dunes, and 3 mm in shrublands. The extensive erosion of sediment in cultivated lands and the resultant decrease in surface height results in serious degradation and loss of soil fertility.     

近50年来中国六大流域径流年内分配变化趋势

基于1950年以来的全国六大流域19个重点控制水文站实测月径流量观测资料,以1980年为界,分析各站实测径流量年内分配不均匀系数、集中度以及集中期的变化;采用Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验方法,诊断了各月径流量的变化趋势。结果表明,自1980年以来,全国六大流域的月径流发生了时空变化,除海河的石匣里、响水堡站和黄河花园口站年内径流不均匀性和相对集中度较小以外,其它站的年内径流不均匀性和相对集中度较大,以松辽流域为最大;此外,南方流域各站冬春季(12~3月)的径流均呈现增加的趋势,5月份呈现减少的趋势,7月份呈现增加的趋势;北方流域各站冬春季(1~5月)径流呈现减少的趋势,以海河流域各站、松辽的铁岭、黄河利津站和淮河的吴家渡站减少趋势最为严重。     

湖北省矿产资源与经济可持续发展

湖北省矿产资源丰富,具有矿产种类多、规模大、分布相对集中、供（伴）生矿多、部分大宗能源和急需矿产资源不足的特点。其中探明储量丰富,能满足经济发展需要,保证程度高的矿产资源有磷矿、岩盐、石膏、石灰岩、饰面石材等;储量较多,多经济发展需求大,保证程度不高的矿产资源为铁、铜等;储量少,保证程度差,社会发展需求量大的是煤、石油、天然气等能源资源,矿业经济已在湖北省经济发展中起着重要。同时,矿业活动也带来了     

Abundance and distribution of ichthyoplankton in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, 1989–1990

An ichthyoplankton survey (18 stations in seven sampling sectors) was conducted in Narragansett Bay in 1990 to provide information on abundance, distribution, and seasonal occurrence of eggs and larvae of estuarine fishes, including seasonal migrants. An additional goal was to examine changes in species composition, abundance, and distribution occurring since the last baywide survey in 1972–73. The taxonomic composition of eggs and larvae in 1990 (41 species in 25 families from 684 plankton samples) and in 1972–73 (43 species in 28 families from 6900 samples) was similar. Maximum abundance of fish eggs occurred in June and larvae in July, minimum abundance in September to February. Species diversity was greatest in May–July and lowest during January in both surveys. However, egg and larval densities in 1990 were considerably lower than in 1972–73. Bay anchovy, tautog, and cunner accounted for 86% of the eggs and 87% of the larvae in the bay in 1990. These three species accounted for only 55% of the eggs and 51% of the larvae in 1972–73, with menhaden accounting for another 18% of the eggs and 34% of the larvae. Searobins, scup, and butterfish eggs were common in 1973 (19%) but rare in 1990 (2%). Ichthyoplankton abundance for several of the most abundant species was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Providence River, upper bay, and Greenwich Bay in 1990 than in 1972–73. Density of fish eggs and larvae in the lower portions of the bay was lower in 1990 for some species but not others. Distribution data suggested a general down-bay shift in density in 1990. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY085 00015     

典型喀斯特地区马尾松纯林及马尾松-阔叶树混交林营养元素生物循环研究——以贵州龙里为例

以龙里典型喀斯特地区马尾松纯林及马尾松- 阔叶树混交林为研究对象,研究了两个群落的生物量、营养元素贮量、分布及循环特征。结果表明: 马尾松纯林、马尾松- 阔叶树混交林的生物量分别为40. 62t /hm2、48. 32t /hm2 ,混交林的乔木层总生物量比马尾松纯林高18. 97% ,根系生物量较纯林高65. 12%。混交林乔木层各器官营养元素的含量整体大于马尾松纯林,两群落乔木层N、P、K、S的含量表现出一致的趋势,叶> 根> 枝> 干。混交林乔木层各元素的积累量分别比纯林高47. 97%～ 197. 67% ,凋落物层各元素贮量比纯林高85. 40%～ 318. 301%。混交林的年归还量、年存留量和年吸收量均大于马尾松纯林,且各元素循环系数大于马尾松纯林。马尾松林与阔叶树混交可以有效地提高群落生物量和营养元素循环的能力。      

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops: A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt. According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt, the soils are most highly enriched in Pb, followed by Cr, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, they are relatively poor in Hg, Cd, and As. It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt. As for the crops (such as corn and wheat) in the gold belt, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements, followed by Pb and Cr. Meanwhile, Hg, Cd, and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops. The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general. Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein, heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein. As shown by relevant studies, the Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities. Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations. Furthermore, wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils. The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation, increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops, and further affecting human health. This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.     

山西省炼焦煤的粘结性和结焦性探讨

山西炼焦煤资源不仅分布广泛,煤类齐全,而且资源丰富,粘结性强、结焦性好。大量分析数据显示山西霍西煤田霍州矿区粘结性较好,特别是南部的霍州—乔家湾区,煤的粘结指数为80～100,胶质层厚度为24～33mm;沁水煤田东部潞安矿区煤的粘结性较差,为全省最低,一般在13～68,胶质层厚度在0～7.5mm。单独炼焦性能最好的是西山古交矿区、霍西汾西矿区和柳林三交矿区的主焦煤,其次是霍西的肥煤和乡宁的焦煤,比较差的是大同的气煤,潞安和西山的瘦煤。     

潘集煤矿二叠纪主采煤层中微量元素亲和性研究

安徽淮南煤田位于华北地台南端 ,发育了华北地区二叠纪含煤岩系中层位最高的可采煤层。采用仪器中子活化分析法 (INAA)测试了淮南煤田潘集煤矿二叠纪主采煤层 13个样品的 36个微量元素的浓度分布 ,并对其共生组合特点、地球化学特征及稀土元素配比模式作了初步分析 ,结果表明 ,煤中不同微量元素显示出不同的亲和性质。元素Br,As ,Sb ,Ni和Co等趋于在煤中富集 ,其中Br的有机亲和性最大。元素Na ,K ,Rb ,Th ,Hf,Zr ,Ta和REE则在煤层与顶底板接触带的碳质泥岩中富集 ,表现出与细粒陆源碎屑物更强的亲和性。其它元素倾向性不甚明显 ,但Fe ,Ca ,Sr ,HREE等元素在海水影响强度增大的煤层中含量增加。元素As,Cs,Ni,Fe和Ca在煤层中含量变化较大 ,其变异系数大于 1,其它元素则相对稳定 ,表明同一矿区煤层中微量元素含量在不受其它地质作用明显叠加影响时具有一定的稳定性。本区煤层稀土元素配比模式与华北其它地区C—P纪煤基本类似 ,普遍存在Eu亏损现象。 ∑REE在煤中分布范围为30× 10 -6～ 95× 10 -6,在顶板泥岩中超过 2 0 0× 10 -6。煤层中部 ∑REE降低 ,HREE相对富集。聚类分析表明 ,元素As ,Se ,Ag和Fe关系密切 ,这与煤中黄铁矿等成岩矿物有直接关系 ,泥炭沼泽演化期间或之后海水的直接或间接影响会促使这     

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区植物地球化学特征

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对辽东湾周边七条河流下游段河漫滩沉积物的碎屑矿物进行了鉴定,分析了轻重矿物组分的差异、流域基岩类型和沉积物粒度对碎屑矿物组成的影响。轻矿物组成以石英和长石占绝对优势。由于辽东湾西侧河流（六股河、小凌河和大凌河）和东侧河流（双台子河、大辽河、复州河）位于两个构造块体之上,不同的基岩类型导致重矿物组合差别很大。湾西河流普通角闪石含量低、金属矿物含量高,湾东河流则相反,这两种组分能有效区分辽东湾东西两侧的河流,同时也可将滦河与上述河流区分开。石榴子石和普通辉石含量特征可区分湾西三条河流,特征为大凌河前者含量高,小凌河后者含量高,六股河两者含量都很低。绿帘石和阳起石的含量在湾东河流沉积物中差别较大,特征为双台子河前者含量高,大辽河后者含量高,复州河两者含量都很低。七条河流片状矿物和碳酸盐矿物含量低的特征有别于黄河沉积物。