基于多目标遗传算法的潮流能水轮机专用翼型优化设计

根据潮流能水轮机的工作条件与技术要求,开发新型潮流能水轮机叶片专用翼型。建立多目标优化模型,采用遗传算法进行寻优求解,得到最大相对厚度范围为12.6%～38.8%的五种新翼型,构成潮流能水轮机叶片专用翼型族系列。开发了水平轴潮流能水轮机设计软件,搭建潮流能水轮机叶片翼型数据库,通过在潮流能水轮机设计软件中调用叶片翼型数据,为潮流能水轮机叶片设计提供方便。     

尾缘柔性变形对翼型水动力学性能的影响

流体机械柔性叶片特有的性能引起越来越多的关注,柔性叶片潮流能水轮机因叶片自适应变形,具有不同于刚性叶片水轮机的水动力学性能。首先从二维层面分析柔性尾缘变形对翼型水动力学性能的影响。利用ANSYS对创建的柔性叶片模型进行静力学分析,获得翼型截面变形后的节点数据,建立变形后的翼型模型。利用CFD仿真软件,采用k-ωSST的湍流模型,对比分析原始翼型和变形后翼型升阻力系数、表面压力系数分布及流场变化。结果表明:尾缘柔性变形对翼型性能有较大影响,适当变形可以提高翼型的升力系数;变形后翼型升阻比在一定攻角下大于原始翼型,有利于改善原始翼型的水动力学性能。     

潮流能水平轴水轮机叶片优化研究

叶片对潮流能水轮机的性能有很大的影响,因此对叶片进行优化研究对于提高潮流能水轮机的效率的重大意义。本文对50kW潮流能水平轴水轮机进行了叶片设计,针对水轮机具体的运行环境,以提高水轮机获能为目标,应用遗传算法对叶片弦长和扭角进行了优化设计。通过对比实际工况下水轮机的获能特性得知,优化的叶片获能系数和获能功率较原叶片有所提高,从而证明应用遗传算法进行叶片优化的可行性,为水轮机叶片优化提供了新的方法。     

基于遗传算法的潮流能水轮机叶片翼型优化设计研究

为了得到高性能的潮流能水轮机叶片翼型,本文在分析潮流能水轮机叶片翼型设计方法和设计要求的基础上,以NACA4418翼型为初始翼型,采用儒可夫斯基保角变换的方法对翼型进行参数化建模,以最大升阻比为目标函数,通过设定设计变量、施加约束条件等对初始翼型进行优化设计,采用MATLAB软件编程遗传算法进行全局寻优求解,寻找到最优解后,采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic)软件Fluent对NACA4418翼型和优化翼型进行翼型绕流数值计算,比较数值计算结果表明,优化翼型相比于初始翼型升力系数和升阻比都有所提高。     

潮流能水轮机水动力分析方法

潮流水轮机是潮流能转换装置的核心装备,潮流水轮机水动力性能和载荷则是潮流能转换装置总体设计和结构设计的基本依据。到目前为止,流动分离、流固耦合、空化以及复杂环境条件等强非线性因素对潮流水轮机水动力的影响仍然是一个值得研究的问题。本文基于哈尔滨工程大学在潮流能利用技术领域多年的研究成果,对潮流水轮机在均匀流水动力分析和流固耦合分析的不同数值方法及相关计算结果进行了回顾和对比分析,并提出了一种水轮机波浪载荷的计算模型。     

考虑转捩影响的潮流能水轮机翼型水动力学性能数值模拟

为了更准确地模拟潮流能水轮机的水动力学性能并研究边界层转捩对水轮机翼型水动力学特性的影响,本文采用κ-ε湍流模型以及γ-Re_θ转捩模型对水轮机翼型水动力学性能进行了考虑转捩的数值模拟。在进行转捩模拟时通过CFD软件的UDF接口将转捩经验关系式导入求解器中,在-5°～25°攻角范围内对水轮机翼型的水动力学性能进行了数值模拟。比较湍流模拟与转捩模拟下水轮机翼型的升阻力系数以及流场特征,结果表明:对水轮机翼型水动力学性能进行全湍流模拟时在小攻角范围内忽略了转捩前的层流状态,导致湍流模拟所得到的升力系数小于使用γ-Re_θ转捩模型的转捩模拟所得的升力系数;阻力系数则大于转捩模拟所得的结果;相比于全湍流模拟,转捩模拟时会更早的进入深失速状态。     

基于逆高斯退化模型的潮流能水平轴水轮机叶片疲劳可靠性研究

为了对潮流能水平轴水轮机叶片的疲劳可靠性进行研究,选用严格单调的逆高斯过程描述水轮机叶片的疲劳性能退化轨迹.基于20kW水轮机叶片性能退化数据,并根据性能退化理论,建立水轮机叶片逆高斯退化模型.利用极大似然估计法对性能退化模型中的参数进行估计,并根据性能退化模型的可靠度评估方法对叶片的疲劳可靠性进行评估,可实现潮流能水...     

湍流对潮流能发电水轮机性能影响数值仿真研究

潮流能发电水轮机的实际工作海域往往存在不同程度的湍流,而湍流会对潮流能发电水轮机的获能系数、轴向力系数和尾流场性能等产生影响。研究湍流对潮流能发电水轮机性能的影响规律,对于实海况下潮流能发电水轮机的性能预测、可靠性和安全性的提高以及潮流能发电场多机组排布优化等具有一定的参考价值。通过对潮流能发电水轮机试验模型进行建模,并用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)分析软件Fluent对处于不同湍流强度下的潮流能发电水轮机性能进行数值模拟,得到其获能系数、轴向力系数及尾流场特性。通过分析数值模拟结果,并与相关参考文献的试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明:湍流强度越大,水轮机获能系数和轴向力系数越小,尾流场速度恢复越快;水轮机后方尾流场纵向和横向影响区域更大。     

电动变桨式潮流能水轮机获能分析与应用

我国具有丰富的潮流能资源,但是存在潮流流速偏低、难以高效利用等问题。潮流能水轮机变桨距技术的利用,可有效提高潮流能资源利用效率。以提高潮流能水轮机高效获能为目标,分析了水轮机叶片桨距角对潮流能水轮机获能的影响规律,研究了水轮机变桨距技术原理及控制策略。在20 k W潮流能水轮机中运用了电动变桨距技术,根据潮流流速的不同,使用最大功率点追踪控制算法控制桨距角,并对机组运行过程进行实时测试。机组运行数据表明,与非变桨水轮机相比,变桨式潮流能水轮机可有效提高其获能效率。     

潮流能水平轴水轮机叶片扭角与弦长分布研究

叶片是潮流能水轮机的关键部件,为获取综合性能良好的潮流能水平轴水轮机,采用解析计算与CFD仿真结合的方法研究叶片扭角与弦长分布。以叶素效率最大原则,推导叶片扭角与弦长的理想分布计算模型,并研究尖速比对叶片扭角与弦长分布的影响;综合考虑水轮机获能效率、可靠性、安全性及叶片加工制造等因素,提出对叶片扭角与弦长修正分布模型;运用Fluent软件对20kW水轮机设计实例性能分析,结果显示修正模型水轮机转矩满足获能要求,轴向力明显减小,有利于工程应用中水轮机的稳定运行。     

基于大涡模拟的波状前缘水翼空化抑制研究

为了降低空化造成的水动力性能损失,基于仿生学原理,参考座头鲸鳍肢剖面形状,将前缘波浪构型引入到水翼设计中,研究波状前缘水翼的非定常空化特性,并探究前缘参数改变对空化控制的效果和规律。选用NACA63₄-021水翼为基准模型,进行前缘参数化重构,设计出3种不同的波状水翼进行对比研究。采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对空化流场进行精细化数值模拟,针对基准水翼和不同波幅与波长参数下的波状水翼开展了空化周期、升阻力系数、压力脉动以及流向涡结构的对比分析。结果发现,波状水翼在抑制空化和降低压力脉动方面都取得了显著效果。其中,3种不同的波状水翼空化抑制率分别为15.7%、18.6%和27.9%,压力脉动幅值分别降低了55.3%、67.3%和74.6%。分析表明,波浪前缘的引入使得空化的分区效应更加凸显,空化从波谷处初生,增大波幅或减小波长都可以加强对空化的抑制效果,并可以提高升力系数以及显著降低水翼表面的压力脉动。前缘波浪构型还将诱发向下游发展的对转涡结构,不同前缘参数的波状水翼涡结构的演化是相似的,空泡发展与溃灭的整个过程对涡结构的发展也具有显著影响。     

Hydrodynamic performance improvement on small horizontal axis current turbine blade using different tube slots configurations

Vortex generators are used extensively as a passive flow control devices to delay or remove the boundary layer separation, which affects the hydrodynamic performance of the hydrofoil. In this paper, a new approach is introduced to overcome the boundary layer separation on the NACA S1210 hydrofoil. The outcome of tube slots combination in the S1210 hydrofoil on the boundary layer separation are numerically investigated. The performance is compared with respect to the force coefficients and glide ratio. The effects of tube slot inlet positions with different diameters on S1210 hydrofoil are presented here. The results show that the smaller diameter tube slots starting near the leading edge improves the hydrodynamics performance of the hydrofoil.     

Dynamic and diffusive growth of microbubbles near a two-dimensional hydrofoil

A technique for predicting the bubble growth along a two-dimensional hydrofoil with traveling bubble cavitation is presented. The method is based on the dynamic response of ambient microbubbles to the flow field and the subsequent diffusion of dissolved air into the flow field cavities. The bubble growth model is divided into three components, including the prediction of 1) the hydrofoil surface pressure distribution, 2) the ambient microbubble response to the pressure distribution, and 3) the diffusive mass flow rate. The hydrofoil velocity and pressure field is determined by two-dimensional thin airfoil theory. The microbubble response to the pressure field is given by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation with the addition of a mass diffusion term. The diffusion of dissolved gasses into the cavitation bubbles is determined by a solution to the steady-state diffusion equation under spherically symmetric convective flow. Results are given for the bubble wake of a NACA 66-006 (a = 0.8meanline) hydrofoil with traveling bubble cavitation. The effect of the relative velocity of the cavitation bubbles with respect to the surrounding water is investigated as well as the significance of the mass diffusion term in the Rayleigh-Plesset equation.     

带偏航角串列式两风机复杂尾流场数值模拟

在多风机风电场中,通过主动调节上游风机的偏航角度,抑制上游风机尾流对下游风机的影响,减少风力机机组之间的尾流相互干扰,以达到提高整个风电场效率的目的。采用基于开源平台Open FOAM自主开发的FOWT-UALM-SJTU求解器中风电场求解模块ALMWindFarmFoam,将致动线模型与CFD方法相结合,利用大涡模拟(LES)计算研究当上游风机处于不同偏航角度时,两风机之间的复杂尾流干扰效应。对比分析偏航角度改变时,上下游风机气动功率的输出特性,尾流速度变化以及风机的尾涡结构。数值模拟结果表明:在上下游风机沿流向方向距离保持不变的情况下,随着上游风机偏航角度的变化,上下游风机的尾流干扰现象以及下游风机的入流条件会发生明显改变,并会对下游风机的气动功率输出以及两风机风电场的整体流场产生显著影响。     

带前缘结节叶片导管桨尾流不稳定性分析

导管桨的尾流不稳定性在其性能评价中非常重要,不但是其能否提供稳定推力的保证,而且也与螺旋桨的尾流噪声直接相关。为了改善导管桨的尾流,提高尾流稳定性,并优化导管桨的流场脉动,根据座头鲸鳍肢前缘结节的仿生原理,对导管桨叶片的导边进行改进,提出了两种仿生桨型,采用IDDES湍流模型对低进速系数下常规导管桨和仿生叶片导管桨进行数值模拟,探究叶片构型对导管桨性能和尾流不稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,前缘结节可以有效降低叶片受力波动的幅值和叶片所受合力的主频域峰值,具有较大结节的叶片对导管桨尾流有明显的优化作用,在尾流远场中扩大了流动稳定区,延后了尾流处涡破碎的发生,改善了能量谱密度的频域分布。进一步,大前缘结节叶片导管桨应用在低速工况下时,可以大量减少尾流泄涡区域的二次涡产生,这是由于前缘结节提升了相邻涡互感的强度,使得尾流更加稳定,而小结节叶片仿生桨型对导管桨尾流则无明显优化作用。研究方法和成果可为螺旋桨尤其是导管桨尾流不稳定性研究提供参考,不仅验证了前缘结节在导管桨叶片应用的合理性,而且揭示了其优化尾流稳定性的机理。     

Implementation of PISO algorithm for simulating unsteady cavitating flows

The present study focuses on the implementation of PISO algorithm to simulate cavitating flows. For simulation of unsteady behaviors of cavitation which have practical applications, the development of unsteady PISO algorithm based on the non-conservative approach is investigated. The effects of mixture compressibility are considered to improve accuracy of simulations. For multi-phase simulation, single-fluid Navier–Stokes equations, along with the volume fraction transport equation, are employed. The bubble dynamics model is utilized to simulate phase change. To prove capabilities of the developed PISO algorithm to simulate cavitating flows, unsteady simulation of cavitation around NACA0015 hydrofoil, a two dimensional flat plat, and a three dimensional circular disk are performed. The frequency of flow, pressure distributions, cavitating vortex shedding, and cavity characteristics are analyzed to discern results accuracy. To investigate accuracy of results, comparisons with available published experimental data are made and good agreement is achieved.     

浮式风机气动—水动—气弹性耦合响应数值模拟

随着海上风电产业的快速发展,大型浮式风机逐渐从概念设计走向工程应用,但仍面临较大的挑战。一方面,在风、浪等环境载荷的作用下,浮式风机的气动载荷和水动力响应之间存在明显的相互干扰作用;另一方面,风力机大型化使得叶片细、长、薄的特点愈发突出,叶片柔性变形十分显著,这会影响到浮式风机的耦合性能。基于两相流CFD求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,结合弹性致动线模型和等效梁理论,建立了浮式风机气动—水动—气弹性耦合响应计算模型,并对规则波和剪切风作用下Spar型浮式风机的气动—水动—气弹性耦合响应进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明,风力机气动载荷使得叶片挥舞变形十分显著,而叶片的扭转变形会明显降低风力机的气动载荷。此外,风力机气动载荷会增大浮式平台的纵荡位移和纵摇角,同时,浮式平台运动响应会导致风力机气动载荷产生大幅度周期性变化。进一步地,叶片结构变形响应会使得浮式风机尾流场的速度损失和湍动能有所降低。     

波浪作用下基于不同负载的一种Savonius型水轮机捕能性能研究

通过水轮机捕能是当前常用的海洋能利用方式之一。桨叶作为水轮机关键部件,其性能一直是研究的重点。针对目前波浪条件下带负载运转的Savonius型水轮机相关捕能性能研究较少的情况,采用数值仿真方法,结合对应工况条件的物理试验,研究了一种Savonius型水轮机在不同波浪环境下带负载运转的捕能性能。采用Star CCM+仿真软件,建立数值波浪水池,设置环境参数,划分网格调整变量进行水轮机运转的水动力模型数值研究。在造波试验水池中利用推板改变波浪周期与波高,进行水轮机运转的物理试验。采集在不同负载下水轮机桨叶的转速和扭矩数据,计算并分析功率等参数,总结变化趋势,评价捕能效果。研究发现水轮机在1.6 s的波浪周期条件下,桨叶承受1.5 N·m负载时达到最佳捕能效果,其功率为23 W。为实际海域中水轮机桨叶的结构设计研究和相关工程应用提供参考。     

A potential based panel method for 2-D hydrofoils

A potential based panel method for the hydrodynamic analysis of 2-D hydrofoils moving beneath the free surface with constant speed without considering cavitation is described. By applying Green's theorem and the Green function method, an integral equation for the perturbation velocity potential is obtained under the potential flow theory. Dirichlet type boundary condition is used instead of Neumann type boundary condition. The 2-D hydrofoil is approximated by line panels which have constant source strength and constant doublet strength distributions. The free surface condition is linearized and the method of images is used for satisfying this free surface condition. All the terms in fundamental solution (Green function) of perturbation potential are integrated over a line panel. Pressure distribution, lift, residual drag and free surface deformations are calculated for NACA4412, symmetric Joukowski and van de Vooren profile types of hydrofoil. The results of this method show good agreement with both experimental and numerical methods in the literature for the NACA4412 and symmetric Joukowski profile types. The lift and residual drag values of the van de Vooren profile are also presented. The effect of free surface is examined by a parametric variation of Froude number and depth of submergence.     

A potential based panel method for 2-D hydrofoils

A potential based panel method for the hydrodynamic analysis of 2-D hydrofoils moving beneath the free surface with constant speed without considering cavitation is described. By applying Green's theorem and the Green function method, an integral equation for the perturbation velocity potential is obtained under the potential flow theory. Dirichlet type boundary condition is used instead of Neumann type boundary condition. The 2-D hydrofoil is approximated by line panels which have constant source strength and constant doublet strength distributions. The free surface condition is linearized and the method of images is used for satisfying this free surface condition. All the terms in fundamental solution (Green function) of perturbation potential are integrated over a line panel. Pressure distribution, lift, residual drag and free surface deformations are calculated for NACA4412, symmetric Joukowski and van de Vooren profile types of hydrofoil. The results of this method show good agreement with both experimental and numerical methods in the literature for the NACA4412 and symmetric Joukowski profile types. The lift and residual drag values of the van de Vooren profile are also presented. The effect of free surface is examined by a parametric variation of Froude number and depth of submergence.