单层流驱动超临界孤立子的数值计算

用ｆＫｄＶ模式方程对单层二维表面波进行直接的数值研究。计算得出，在共振区域先锋孤立子的生成与Ｔ、Ｙ．Ｗｕ（吴耀祖）及Ｓ．Ｊ．Ｌｅｅ等人的结果相同。在共振点与超临界转向点之间，对每一个Ｆｒ数存在初始不稳定的单峰孤立子，其振幅随时间增加。当Ｆｒ数接近共振区时，初始孤立子分裂成先峰孤立子，即先峰孤立子生成是占优的。当Ｆｒ接近超临界转向点时，这类初始不稳定孤立子最终破碎。当Ｆｒ超过超临界转向点时，存在一类稳定的超临界孤立子，其振幅不随时间变化，但是它得自时间相关方程。这类孤立子位于驱动力上方，它的振幅随Ｆｒ的增加而减少．由于它不同于自由ＫｄＶ孤立子，因此本文称之为超临界驻定孤立子。     

Generating Velocities in Precursor Soliton Generation in a Straight Channel with Arbitrary Cross Section

利用准三维的ｆＫｄＶ方程及四区间划分法,理论上求得了先锋孤立子生成诸速度—先锋孤立子的运动速度、压水区中流的速度及尾波列第一个跨零点的速度。所述理论是Ｘｕ等人的先锋孤立子生成理论的一个推广。作为应用的例子,运用作者得到的理论结果,对具有相同截面面积的等腰三角形和正方形截面的直渠中先锋孤立子生成的诸速度进行了理论预报和数值比较。比较指出,理论和数值结果吻合得很好。     

任意截面直渠中先锋孤立子生成问题中的生成周期和振幅(英文)

借助任意截面直渠中的ｆＫｄＶ方程,理论上确定了先锋孤立子生成的平均特性。基于任意截面直渠中的ＡｆＫｄＶ方程,求得了先锋孤立子生成问题中的理论生成振幅和周期。作为例子,文中预报和比较了正方形和等腰三角形断面直渠中的生成周期和振幅。并且,理论研究也证实,对于正方形渠,当渠宽ｂ＝１时,所得的结果可退化为Ｘｕ［１］等人的结果。     

一族新的基于3×3谱问题的多变元可积方程族及其达布变换

基于 1个 3× 3谱问题 ,利用屠规彰格式 ,得到了 1个新的多变元可积孤子方程族。它们是著名的薛定鄂方程族的向量形式 ,并且是Liouville可积的。另外 ,根据谱问题的规范变换 ,为该方程建立了含有多个参数的达布变换 ,并得到了该方程族的孤立子解。     

利用EGM2008模型快速构建扰动重力梯度基准图

重力梯度张量是重力位二阶导,相比重力异常能够更好反映局部区域的细节特征。因此重力梯度导航理论上能为惯性导航提供更好的辅助。重力梯度导航的关键技术之一是背景基准图的构建,推导了扰动重力梯度张量与扰动位在局部指北坐标系中的关系式,并基于EGM2008地球重力场模型构建了一块范围的海域扰动重力梯度张量基准图。为了快速构建基准图,选取了合适的勒让德函数,并将每一个梯度张量的计算式改变求和顺序来提高同一纬度圈上的计算点的计算速度。最后利用梯度张量对角线上三元素满足拉普拉斯约束条件的原理验证了所得基准图的正确性。     

两层分层流体中初始内孤立波分裂的数值研究

本文导得了1个研究内波分裂的射线型二维KdV方程。利用这一方程的一维退化方程进行了实验室尺度下孤立子型内波分裂的数值研究。数值结果表明,深水区的初始内孤立波和实测的内孤立波(内潮)在通过陆坡区时都会产生分裂,并在陆架上(浅水区)生成一内孤立子波列。这表明在实际海洋条件下,深海区内潮的分裂是陆架上海洋内孤立子波包(或波列)生成的主要机制之一。     

先锋孤立子生成的理论平均波阻 Ⅱ.数值研究

基于fKdV方程系数的正则特性，以二维两层流的先锋孤立子生成问题为算例，用数值方法对本文部分（Ⅰ）中的理论平均波阻，能量劈分及能量劈分比进行检验。从理论与数值结果的比较知，理论与数值结果符合得很好。这表明本文部分（Ⅰ）中的理论平均波阻，能量劈分及能量劈分比可用于先锋孤立子生成参数的预报，也表明本文部分（Ⅰ）中的理论可推广应用于二维非线性强迫系统。     

近几十年北半球孤立子阻塞和偶极子阻塞活动的对比研究

对1958—1997年美国NCEP逐日高度场再分析资料进行低通滤波,利用滤波后的资料统计分析了北半球的孤立子阻塞和偶极子阻塞的地理位置分布、年际变化、季节特点等,又对大西洋、太平洋和乌拉尔山地区3个阻塞多发地的孤立子阻塞和偶极子阻塞活动特点进行比较,发现偶极子阻塞的纬度主要活动带比孤立子阻塞偏北5~10个纬度;孤立子阻塞主要在大西洋地区和乌拉尔山区活动,偶极子阻塞主要发生在太平洋地区,无论孤立阻塞还是偶极子阻塞在60°W~140°W(即美洲地区)都是最少的;孤立子阻塞和偶极子阻塞都有明显季节变化,孤立子阻塞活动的纬度峰值区是春季、秋季和冬季一致,夏季最偏北;偶极子阻塞活动的纬度峰值区是夏秋季位置最偏南,冬季发生区最偏北。孤立子阻塞经度的季节性要比偶极子阻塞更显著,但夏季经度位置最偏东和冬季最偏西的特点一样;太平洋地区无论孤立子阻塞还是偶极子阻塞活动纬度区都比大西洋和乌拉尔山地区偏北5~10个纬度;孤立子阻塞和偶极子阻塞天数都是冬季最多,春季次之,孤立子阻塞天数夏、秋数量相差不多,秋季稍多,偶极子阻塞秋季最少;孤立子阻塞和偶极子阻塞都有逐年减少的趋势,两者具有相反的年际变化等一些有意义的结果。     

非等谱非线性演化方程族的零曲率表示

基于梯度序列提出了1种构造非等谱演化方程族的零曲率方程的方法,作为例子讨论了由谱参数泛函梯度产生梯度序列时的特殊情况.     

完全非线性孤立波的直墙反射

报道了应用边界积分方法模拟完全非线性孤立波的传播与直墙反射,给出了波形演变过程。结果表明,本模型对计算孤立波的传播与直墙反射是有效的。三阶Boussinesq方程的孤立波解比低阶方程的孤立波解更接近完全非线性的数值解.当来波波高增大时,孤立波直墙反射的相位滞后变小。若考虑大波高孤立波的直墙反射或波——波相互作用,一阶理论预报的相位滞后往往低估实际情况。     

非线性管土耦合作用下钢悬链式立管触地区敏感性分析

浮体运动和海床土刚度是引起钢悬链式立管(steel catenary riser,简称SCR)管土相互作用的关键因素,将导致SCR触地区的疲劳损伤。以工作水深为1500 m的浮式平台上生产立管SCR为研究对象,基于法向抗力模型和侧向阻力模型建立管土作用模型,在环境载荷和浮体运动作用下,开展SCR与浮式平台的整体分析,研究海床土参数对SCR触地区动态响应和疲劳寿命的敏感性。通过改变海床土的不排水抗剪强度Su0、强度梯度ρ、吸力因子f_suc、吸力衰减参数λ_suc以及再贯入系数λ_rep等,得到不同参数对触地区动力响应、疲劳寿命的影响规律。研究结果表明:①基于软黏土海床,随着不排水抗剪强度Su0的增加,触地区立管疲劳寿命减幅达到33.23%,敏感性最高;②吸力因子f_suc越大,立管疲劳寿命越小且减幅达23.77%,其敏感性较高;③随着再贯入系数λ_rep增大,触地区立管疲劳寿命增幅达到15.48%;④海床抗剪强度梯度ρ和吸力衰减参数λ_suc对立管疲劳寿命影响较小。研究结论能为SCR设计分析及安全服役提供重要参考。     

A study on the numerical prediction method for the vertical thermal structure in the Bohai Sea and the Huanghai Sea-Ⅰ. One-dimensional numerical prediction model

In this paper,on the basis of the heat conduction equation without consideration of the advection and turbulence effects,one-dimensional model for describing surface sea temperature (T_s),bottom sea temperature (T_h) and the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer (h) is developed in terms of the dimensionless temperature θ_T and depth η and self-simulation function θ_T-f(η) of vertical temperature profile by means of historical temperature data.The results of trial prediction with our one-dimensional model on T_s,T_h,h,the thickness and gradient of thermocline are satisfactory to some extent.     

Solitons northeast of Tung-Sha Island during the ASIAEX pilot studies

In a recent study, satellite images have shown that internal solitons are active in the northern South China Sea (SCS). During the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) pilot studies, current profiler and thermistor chain moorings were deployed in the spring of 1999 and 2000 to investigate internal solitons northeast of Tung-Sha Island on the continental slope of the northern SCS. Most of the observed internal solitons were first baroclinic mode depression waves. The largest horizontal current velocity, vertical displacement, and temperature variation induced by the internal solitons were around 240 cm/s, 106 m, and 11/spl deg/C, respectively, while the estimated nonlinear phase speed was primarily westward at 152 /spl plusmn/ 4 cm/s. The observed internal solitons could be categorized as four types. The first type is the incoming wave from deep water and can be described reasonably well with the KdV equation. The second and third types are in the transition zone before and close to the turning point (where the upper and lower layer depths are equal), respectively. These two types of solitons were generally near the wave-breaking stage. The fourth type of soliton is a second baroclinic mode and probably was locally generated. The time evolutions are asymmetric, especially at the middle depths. A temperature kink following the main pulse of the soliton is often seen. Higher order nonlinear and shallow topographic effects could be the primary cause for these features. The appearance/disappearance of internal solitons coincides mostly with spring/neap tide. The internal soliton is irregularly seen during the neap tide period and its amplitude is generally small. The time interval between two leading solitons is generally around 12 h. The first baroclinic mode of the semidiurnal tide has a larger amplitude than the diurnal tide and could redistribute its energy into the soliton.     

星斑川鲽形态特征及相关参数的观测

为了给星斑川鲽的分类和种质鉴定提供基础资料,采用传统的形态学和解剖学方法,对人工养殖星斑川鲽的外部形态性状及内部组织器官系统地进行了观测和描述,采用生物统计法对星斑川鲽可量性状进行回归分析。星斑川鲽可量长度性状之间为线性关系,全长与体长回归方程为lt=1.386 4lb-0.303 5;体重与可量长度性状之间为乘幂函数关系,体重与体长回归方程为m=0.033 9lb3.060 6。结果表明不同地方种群间存在明显的形态差异。星斑川鲽的头颅骨骼特征具有鲽形目鱼类的共同特征,在筛骨区和眼区骨骼向有眼侧偏移,尾舌骨呈弓形。左右下咽骨前半部分愈合在一起,下咽齿小;具一对较薄的耳石,有5~6个乳状突。星斑川鲽属"I"型胃,幽门垂有2~4个;解剖的左眼型星斑川鲽肝脏全部在有眼侧,而右眼型星斑川鲽肝脏多在无眼侧,部分在有眼侧。     

Theoretical wind wave frequency spectra in deep water——Ⅰ. Form of spectrum

In this part ot the paper theoretical wind-wave spectra nave been derived oy (I) expressing the spectrum in series composed of exponential terms; (2) assuming that the spectrum satisfies a high order linear ordinary differential equation; (3) introducing proper parameters in the spectrum; and (4) making use of some known charateristics of wind-wave spectrum, for instance, the law governing the equilibrium range. The spectrum obtained contains the zero order moment of the spectrum m0, the peak frequency ω0 and the ratio R =ω/ω0 (ω being the mean zero-crossing frequency) as parameters. The shape of the nondimensional spectrum S(ω) = ω0S(ω)/m0(ω=ω/ω0) changes with R and theoretically reduces to a Dirac delta function δ(ω-1) when R = 1. A spectrum of simplified form is given for practical uses, in which R is replaced by a peakness factor P=S(1).     

巴基斯坦国日本金线鱼（Nemipterus japonicus）种群动力学的研究

Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus(Bloch, 1791) is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality(Z) during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient(M) was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly's equation(the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C), therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients(F) were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland(1971) biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M(0.74). The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.     

DETERMINATION OF THE DIRECTION AND VELOCITY OF INTERNAL TIDE WAVE BY MEANS OF MEASUREMENTS AT SINGLE STATION

In this paper, the method for determining the direction and velocity of internal tide wave is proposed. The main points are as follows: (1) starting with the continuity equation of incompressible fluid and taking the isotherm whose balance position is situated in the middle of the thermocline as the interface of two-layer ocean, one can get an equation of variations of average total current in the lower and upper layers; (2) WTide (Z) in the above-mentioned equation is expressed in first-order approximation; (3) the internal tide waves are treated as wave packets. Thus, one finds out a statistical relation, AΔu BΔv =ζ, which correlates the average shear effect caused by the internal tide wave with the isothermal fluctuation. The direction and velocity of the wave can be drawn from the formulae: (((1=Arctg (A/B), C1=1/(H0(A2 B2)~1/2).The calculated results agree, in the main, fairly well with two sets of observations at station L3.     

急性CO2酸化对菲律宾蛤仔钙壳和呼吸作用的影响

基于渤海表层典型的碳酸盐系统,通过实验室密闭培养实验,分析急性CO₂酸化条件对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum) CaCO₃形成速率(G)和CO₂呼吸速率(R_C)的影响,以探讨局部海域CO₂酸化的底层海水在潮流或者风海流等因素的驱动下,脉冲式影响贝类栖息地时养殖贝类可能的响应。结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔在急性CO₂酸化条件下发生轻微的钙壳溶解和显著的呼吸抑制。CO₂酸化和菲律宾蛤仔的呼吸作用共同驱动钙壳溶解,溶解速率随Ω_文石下降而升高,G(μmol/(FWg·h))=0.14 × Ω_文石-0.49 (n=12, r=0.95, p<0.01)。活体菲律宾蛤仔钙壳保持稳定的Ω_文石临界值为3.5,而在Ω_文石=1.0的条件下,每天溶解的钙壳相当于贝壳总重的2‰。相较于钙壳溶解,Ω_文石改变对菲律宾蛤仔呼吸作用的影响更大,R_C(μmol/(FWg·h))=0.27 × Ω_文石+0.90 (n =12, r=0.82, p<0.01)。由于呼吸代谢决定了摄食等各种耗能行为的效率,因此本研究的结果表明,尽管菲律宾蛤仔可以通过摄食等自身调节机制来抵御造成钙壳溶解的环境胁迫,然而这一机制本身就可能受到酸化环境的不良影响。     

先锋孤立子生成的理论平均波阻(Ⅰ).理论

根据作者导得的AfKdV方程，理论上确定了先锋孤立子生成问题的理论平均波阻，能量劈分及能量劈分比。本文的能量劈分是确定先锋孤立子生成参数的理论基础。同时，本理论确定了现有理论中的自由未知参数问题，从而使先锋孤立子生成参数得到理论预报。