三锚浮标系统研究

海洋浮标是一种现代化的海洋观测设施。它具有全天候、全天时稳定可靠的收集海洋环境资料的能力,并能实现数据的自动采集、自动标示和自动发送。海洋浮标与卫星、飞机、调查船、潜水器及声波探测设备一起,组成了探测海洋奥秘的主体监测系统。论文详细阐述了水面浮标采用的新型三锚系留系统的组成、优点、以及克服的技术难题。     

海洋气象探测基地—浮标

浮标是海洋气象探测的前沿阵地和堡垒.文中分别对海洋浮标探测系统、通讯系统以及供电系统做了详细介绍.其中探测系统对常规气象探测传感器的原理和常规水文探测传感器的原理进行介绍;通讯系统介绍了浮标常用的几种通讯方式和各自的优缺点;供电方面介绍了仪器用电限制以及太阳能供电系统结构.从特殊观测环境的角度分析了海洋环境对浮标系统各个部分的特殊要求.最后结合汕尾浮标运行情况,从系统使用和维护的角度,对浮标进一步完善提出建议.     

自持式浮标地磁日变站的系统设计

自持式浮标地磁日变站的研究,是以陆用地磁日变站为基础,结合DGPS系统和浮标技术,自行设计开发数据实时采集与传输系统,形成一套可以自动在远海和大洋记录地磁场变化的浮标日变站,从而大大提高海洋地磁调查的精度。     

基于地磁与红外双模探测的海洋浮标预警系统设计

设计了一种基于地磁检测与红外感应相结合、可对浮标周围异常目标进行探测和预警的控制系统。系统采用芯片级的微型磁感线圈,以及高集成度、低功耗的数据采集与总线技术,通过探测船体磁性对地磁场的扰动,监测船舶对浮标的靠近;采用芯片级的热释电红外传感器,通过探测人体红外辐射,监测浮标在正常工作期间未知人员的入侵。系统的预警采用声光报警和图像远程传输相结合的方式,现场采集的图像数据经过压缩编码后通过无线数传电台发送至远程岸基监测站,实现海洋浮标的远程预警与现场取证功能。     

FQCX-1捷联式方位倾斜智能测量系统及其动态性能优势

本文首先分析了国内外普遍采用的摆式罗盘在海洋浮标上进行瞬时采样时的动态工作误差,从而论证了大、中型浮标选用捷联式系统的必要性。其次研究了捷联式罗盘的基本要素,从而阐明了这种新型仪表应用于海洋浮标必须解决的问题和适用条件,第三介绍了根据国家海洋浮标网第一个大型浮标工程要求制定的捷联智能系统方案和针对性精化措施、FQCX—1系统构成、工作原理、计算机数学模型与程序框图;最后记述FQCX—1在10m浮标上的安装校正和应用效果,说明该仪器已达到或接近80年代国际先进水平,满足了这项“七·五”计划国家重大科技攻关工程对它的预定要求。     

水面无线自组网装备研发与水动力学监测应用研究

应用窄带物联网技术,研发了一种能够快速构建半径100 km的水面无线网络,并通过投放大量抛弃式带北斗定位的微型浮标,动态采集水动力学数据.该技术能够解决采用传统海洋水动力学监测利用锚泊式大型浮标,固定在一个位置上采集数据的方法成本高、数据精细化程度不够的问题.由大量的海洋试验和研究证明,该方法在泥沙沉积、漂浮垃圾追踪、...     

国内海洋浮标监测系统研究概况

文章介绍了国内海洋浮标监测系统的类型、系统组成、监测资料的质量控制和应用概况。将国内常见的海洋浮标监测系统划分为８个类型。监测系统通常由浮标系统、锚泊系统和岸站系统３部分组成,其中浮标系统通常包括浮体、标架、供电设备、防护设备和各类传感器等。近年来研制开发集水文气象水质生物监测于一体的多参数海洋自动监测浮标系统是一个重点,但已有浮标系统监测资料的质量控制和应用还有待进一步研究。     

SZF型波浪浮标系统

文中介绍了SZF型波浪浮标的系统组成、主要工作原理及系统的主要功能,给出了该型号浮标的测量指标及技术参数,介绍了该浮标的应用情况。     

FZF2—3型海洋资源浮标系统研制

本文介绍了我国海洋资源浮标网络海洋环境监测的ＦＺＦ２－３型海洋资源浮标系统的设计方案。论述了该系统总体技术性能特征,在海洋监测领域首次研究应用ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ卫星传输海洋监测数据情况及该系统推广应用前景。     

“阿尔戈”海洋机器人

自由漂浮式“阿尔戈”海洋研究机器人研究者成功的观测计划始于2000年，这将是全世界关注的陆地海洋监控系统一部分，并已获得两项里程碑：完成“阿尔戈”全球海洋观测网计划的2／3；用联合国投放的浮标采集了大约5.5万份剖面观测数据。     

海上不同高度风速换算关系的研究

本文用海上石油平台上观测的风梯度资料,计算了在不同风况下海面摩擦速度和粗糙高度。结果表明,海面摩擦速度u_*与海上10m高度处风速u_(10)的关系为u_*=0.055u_(10)-0.058。在4—5级风时,海面平均摩擦速度为50cm/s,粗糙度为0.022m,它相当于陆上的平均粗糙高度。在风速为2—3级时,二者与海上通常采用的数据接近。文中最后给出了上述两种风况下海上不同高度的换算系数。     

AEL—1型风向,风速仪

本文介绍并叙述了AEL-1型风向、风速仪的设计原理,仪器各部分的电路设计,工作过程及系统软件。该仪器适用于气象台站、工矿企业、海上浮标及科研单位等部门。     

福建风能的区划和开发利用

根据有效风速（３￣２０ｍ／ｓ）的累积小时数、有效风能密度、风能季节变化以及３０ａ一遇的最大风速等指标，将福建省划分为风能丰富、较珂利用和贫乏４个区，７个副区。通过分区找出全省各地风能资源的差异，为充分开发和利用风能资源提供资料和依据。文中还提出了风能开发利用的设想和存在的问题。     

Wave model predictions in the Black Sea: Sensitivity to wind fields

This paper evaluates the impact of using different wind field products on the performance of the third generation wave model SWAN in the Black Sea and its capability for predicting both normal and extreme wave conditions during 1996. Wind data were obtained from NCEP CFSR, NASA MERRA, JRA-25, ECMWF Operational, ECMWF ERA40, and ECMWF ERA-Interim. Wave data were obtained in 1996 at three locations in the Black Sea within the NATO TU-WAVES project. The quality of wind fields was assessed by comparing them with satellite data. These wind data were used as forcing fields for the generation of wind waves. Time series of predicted significant wave height (H_mo), mean wave period (T_m02), and mean wave direction (DIR) were compared with observations at three offshore buoys in the Black Sea and its performance was quantified in terms of statistical parameters. In addition, wave model performance in terms of significant wave height was also assessed by comparing them against satellite data.The main scope of this work is the impact of the different available wind field products on the wave hindcast performance. In addition, the sensitivity of wave model forecasts due to variations in spatial and temporal resolutions of the wind field products was investigated. Finally, the impact of using various wind field products on predicting extreme wave events was analyzed by focussing on storm peaks and on an individual storm event in October 1996. The numerical results revealed that the CFSR winds are more suitable in comparison with the others for modelling both normal and extreme events in the Black Sea. The results also show that wave model output is critically sensitive to the choice of the wind field product, such that the quality of the wind fields is reflected in the quality of the wave predictions. A finer wind spatial resolution leads to an improvement of the wave model predictions, while a finer temporal resolution in the wind fields generally does not significantly improve agreement between observed and simulated wave data.     

A wind speed retrieval algorithm by combining 6 and 10 GHz data from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer: Wind speed inside hurricanes

A wind speed retrieval algorithm was developed using 6 and 10 GHz h-pol (6H and 10H) data of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) aboard the Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) and AMSR-E aboard AQUA, for the purpose of retrieving wind speed inside rainstorms, primarily hurricanes and typhoons. The h-pol was used rather than the v-pol, because the brightness temperature sensitivity to the ocean wind at h-pol is larger than v-pol. The microwave emission change of 6H and 10H corresponding to ocean wind was evaluated in no-rain areas by combining AMSR and SeaWinds data aboard the ADEOS-II (SeaWinds was NASA’s scatterometer), and it was found that the ratio of the two 6H to 10H increments due to ocean wind is 0.9. Assuming that this result also holds with higher wind speeds and under rainy conditions, the brightness temperatures at 6H and 10H were simulated using a microwave radiative transfer model. A parameter W6 (unit; Kelvin) was then defined, representing an increment at 6H due to ocean wind. W6 is applicable to rainy areas, and to all ranges of sea surface temperature. W6 was compared with wind speed reported by the National Hurricanes Center for several hurricanes in the Western Atlantic Ocean during three years (2002 to 2004). W6 averaged around centers of hurricanes was found to exhibit a sensitivity to wind speed, such as increasing from 22 K to 65 K as the wind speed rose from 65 to 140 knots (33 to 72 m/s), and an empirical relationship relating the averaged W6 to wind speed in hurricanes was derived.     

风对福建中部沿岸春、夏季水文结构和上升流的影响

本文对台湾海峡西侧海坛岛附近海域风情与附近岸站的风情进行了对比分析,结果表明,海上风情和岸站风情变化基本上是一致的;在不同季风的作用下,海域温、盐度呈现不同类型的分布。风情的短期变化对上升流的强弱变化有一定影响。     

Ekman drift and vortical structures

In this article, the authors study the influence of a constant wind on the displacement of a vortex. The well known Ekman current develops in the surface layer and is responsible for a transport perpendicular to the wind: the Ekman drift.An additional process is, however, evidenced, whose importance is as strong as the Ekman drift. There indeed exists a curl of the wind-driven acceleration along isopycnic surfaces when they are spatially variable (they enter and leave the depth where the wind stress acts), which generates potential vorticity anomalies. This diabatic effect is shown to generate potential vorticity anomalies which acts on the propagation of vortical waves and non linear vortices.It is shown that this effect drastically reduces the effect of the Ekman drift for linear waves and surface intensified vortices, while extending its effect to subsurface vortices. It also generates along wind propagation, whose sign depends on the vortex characteristics.     

稳定风浪场谱特征量间的关系

风浪宏观特征量是描述风浪场特征的重要物理量。作者基于风浪有停留在混乱运动状态的趋势的性质对风浪场特征量间的关系进行了研究。主频波频率附近的波动自风摄取能量,风浪吸收的能量通过非线性相互作用在谱中重新分配。谱中能量的重新分配产生多尺度波动,这导致风浪波面的混乱运动(风浪处于混乱运动状态)。在稳定状态,风浪运动最为混乱。当风浪状态偏离最混乱运动状态,谱中非线性相互作用引起的能量重新分配将使风浪回到该状态。基于线性海浪理论导出风浪场特征量间的关系。导出的关系与观测结果进行了对比,发现理论结果与观测结果很好地符合。风浪场宏观特征量间存在固有关系。尽管目前风浪场特征量关系的观测结果存在差异,但本文中证明,所导出的理论关系与实验结果很好地符合。     

夏季风场对长江冲淡水扩展影响的数值模拟

建立一个σ坐标系下三维非线性斜压陆架模式，研究长江冲淡扩展的动力机制。数值试验再现了夏季长江冲淡水转向东北的现象，夏季风场对长江冲淡水扩展的影响，取决于风速的大小和动向，风速为３ｍ／ｓ的南风，对冲淡水向北扩展的影响比较明显，而当南风风速达到６ｍ／ｓ时，则起着十分显著的作用，西南风加强了冲淡水向东扩展，但对南北向的扩展影响甚微，东南风抑了冲淡水向东扩散，并使之偏向西北，明确阐明了夏季风场对冲淡水扩展