Dissipative Travelling Wave Solution for EI Ni(n)o Tropic Sea-air Coupled Oscillator

El Ni(n)o and Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific sea-air interactions.An asymptotic method of solving equations for the ENSO model is proposed.Based on a class of oscillator of ENSO model and by employing a simple and valid method of the variational iteration,the coupled system for a sea-air oscillator model of interdecadal climate fluctuations is studied.Firstly,by introducing a set of functionals and computing the variationals,the Lagrange multipliers are obtained.And then,the generalized variational iteration expressions are constructed.Finally,by selecting appropriate initial iteration,and from the iterations expressions,the approximations of solution for the sea-air oscillator ENSO model are solved successively.The approximate dissipative travelling wave solution of equations for corresponding ENSO model is studied.It is proved from the results that the method of the variational iteration can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pa-cific of the sea-air oscillator for ENSO model.     

Dissipative travelling wave solution for El Niño tropic sea-air coupled oscillator

El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific sea-air interactions. An asymptotic method of solving equations for the ENSO model is proposed. Based on a class of oscillator of ENSO model and by employing a simple and valid method of the variational iteration, the coupled system for a sea-air oscillator model of interdecadal climate fluctuations is studied. Firstly, by introducing a set of functionals and computing the variationals, the Lagrange multipliers are obtained. And then, the generalized variational iteration expressions are constructed. Finally, by selecting appropriate initial iteration, and from the iterations expressions, the approximations of solution for the sea-air oscillator ENSO model are solved successively. The approximate dissipative travelling wave solution of equations for corresponding ENSO model is studied. It is proved from the results that the method of the variational iteration can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific of the sea-air oscillator for ENSO model.     

Perturbed solving method for interdecadal sea-air oscillator model

A coupled system of the interdecadal sea-air oscillator model is studied.The El Nio-southern oscillation(ENSO) atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions.The oscillator model is involved with the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly pat-terns.This paper proposes an ENSO atmospheric physics model using a method of the perturbation theory.The aim is to create an asymptotic solving method for the ENSO model.Employing the perturbed method,the asymptotic solution of corresponding problem is obtained,and the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is studied.Thus we can obtain the prognoses of the sea surface temperature anomaly and related physical quantities.     

病态数据处理的岭估计迭代解法

岭估计通常无法单次计算使得均方误差达到最小,因此提出岭估计迭代法。将岭估计参数估值代入平差模型,更新观测向量,再次用岭估计法求解参数。依此迭代,每次迭代计算方差和偏差,当均方误差达到最小或收敛时终止。模拟算例验证结果表明,该方法有效、可行。     

Wave assimilation and numerical prediction

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Seismic data reconstruction based on iterative linear expansion of thresholds

Based on the compressive sensing,a novel algorithm is proposed to solve reconstruction problem under sparsity assumptions.Instead of estimating the reconstructed data through minimizing the objective function,the authors parameterize the problem as a linear combination of few elementary thresholding functions,which can be solved by calculating the linear weighting coefficients.It is to update the thresholding functions during the process of iteration.The advantage of this method is that the optimization problem only needs to be solved by calculating linear coefficients for each time.With the elementary thresholding functions satisfying certain constraints,a global convergence of the iterative algorithm is guaranteed.The synthetic and the field data results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

The influence of the sea-air heat exchange over the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in winter on the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in flood season

In this paper, the sea-air heat exchange over the Kuroshio in the East China Sea during the winters of 1954–1972 is computed and analysed. The results indicate that the year to year anomalies of sea-air heat exchange are obvious and the values are mainly controlled by the intensity of the cold air at the same time. The authors have found a close relationship between sea-air heat exchange and precipitation in the region of the Changjiang River during the early summer. Finally, the predicting indication for forecasting this precipitation around the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in June is given. Contribution No. 839 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 14 (3): 256–262, 1983.     

海气耦合随机模式中随机项的处理

本文对海气相互作用随机动力模式中随机项的处理作了探讨,分析了目前对随机项的简单处理而产生的问题,在此基础上,对随机项处理进行了重新认识和改进,并由此解释了相应合理的模式解。     

线性回归模型的稳健总体最小二乘解算

针对线性回归中自变量和因变量可能含有粗差的情况,提出线性回归模型的稳健总体最小二乘法。将线性回归模型进行等价变换,视其总体最小二乘平差模型为非线性,根据选权迭代的思想推导线性回归模型的稳健总体最小二乘迭代算法。以模拟算例在自变量和因变量同时添加粗差的情况下进行10 000次试验,并从中选出一组数据进行具体分析,结果验证了本文算法的有效性和可行性。     

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中尺度MM4模式及其伴随模式

伴随方法是以数值天气预报的动力模作为约束条件的变分方法，相对传统的资料同化方法有很大的进步。介绍美国NCAR的中尺度MM4模式人它的伴随模式MAMSA1，它以一个有限区域的中尺度非线性预的模式模式为基础，采用伴随模式地其进行资料同化和预报。     

基于拟牛顿法改进的3D正态分布变换点云配准算法

针对3D正态分布变换算法在大型场景点云数据配准时效率低的问题,提出一种基于拟牛顿法改进的3D正态分布变换算法。 3D正态分布变换算法主要通过牛顿迭代法进行两视点云最优转换参数求解,但是随着待配准点云数据量的增加,牛顿迭代法需要大量的时间计算Hessian矩阵,增加了算法整体的时间复杂度。本文算法通过拟牛顿法代替牛顿法求解Hessian,改善了3D正态分布变换算法针对大型场景点云数据配准需要大量时间去计算Hessian矩阵的问题。实验表明,本文算法针对大型点云数据不仅能够保持传统3D正态分布变换算法的配准精度,还能提高配准效率。     

INFLUENCE OF SEA－AIR INTERACTION ON THEDISCHARGE OF FLOOD SEASON IN THEUPPER REACHES OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

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一种选权迭代法的半参数回归模型在滑坡预测中的应用

传统抗差估计中的选权迭代法无法探测到模型的系统误差,而基于补偿最小二乘原理的半参数模型可以较好地分离出系统误差。通过建立选权迭代法的半参数回归模型,利用时间序列法、L曲线法分别确定模型中的正则化矩阵及平滑因子,并利用选权迭代法重新定权,同时降低了观测粗差和系统误差对参数估值的影响。通过仿真算例,并以重庆奉节县大坪滑坡实测数据为例,验证了选权迭代法的半参数回归方法应用到三峡库区滑坡预测的有效性和优越性。     

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A Cluster-Based Method for Marine Sensitive Object Extraction and Representation

Within the context of global change, marine sensitive factors or Marine Essential Climate Variables have been defined by many projects, and their sensitive spatial regions and time phases play significant roles in regional sea-air interactions and better understanding of their dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based method for marine sensitive region extraction and representation. This method includes a kernel expansion algorithm for extracting marine sensitive regions, and a field-object triple form, integration of object-oriented and field-based model, for representing marine sensitive objects. Firstly, this method recognizes ENSO-related spatial patterns using empirical orthogonal decomposition of long term marine sensitive factors and correlation analysis with multiple ENSO index. The cluster kernel, defined by statistics of spatial patterns, is initialized to carry out spatial expansion and cluster mergence with spatial neighborhoods recursively, then all the related lattices with similar behavior are merged into marine sensitive regions. After this, the Field-object triple form of O, A, F is used to represent the marine sensitive objects, both with the discrete object with a precise extend and boundary, and the continuous field with variations dependent on spatial locations. Finally, the marine sensitive objects about sea surface temperature are extracted, represented and analyzed as a case of study, which proves the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Role of sea ice in air-sea exchange and its relation to sea fog

Synchronous or quasi-synchronous stereoscopic sea-ice-air comprehensive observation was conducted during the First China Arctic Expedition in summer of 1999. Based on these data, the role of sea ice in sea-air exchange was studied. The study shows that the kinds, distribution and thickness of sea ice and their variation significantly influence the air-sea heat exchange. In floating ice area, the heat momentum transferred from ocean to atmosphere is in form of latent heat; latent heat flux is closely related to floating ice concentration; if floating ice is less, the heat flux would be larger. Latent heat flux is about 21 23.6 W*m-2, which is greater than sensible heat flux. On ice field or giant floating ice, heat momentum transferred from atmosphere to sea ice or snow surface is in form of sensible heat. In the floating ice area or polynya, sea-air exchange is the most active, and also the most sensible for climate. Also this area is the most important condition for the creation of Arctic vapor fog. The heat exchange of a large-scale vapor fog process of about 500000 km2 on Aug. 21 22,1999 was calculated; the heat momentum transferred from ocean to air was about 14.8×109 kW. There are various kinds of sea fog, radiation fog, vapor fog and advection fog, forming in the Arctic Ocean in summer. One important cause is the existence of sea ice and its resultant complexity of both underlying surface and sea-air exchange.     

湛江北部湾马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系生长模型研究

为检验不同模型对马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的生长发育拟合效果,分别采用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Brody 4种非线性生长模型对红壳色选育系壳长、壳宽、壳高等形态性状和重量性状的生长发育进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,结合各参数的最优值,得出拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的第一年半生长过程中,Brody模型为壳长、壳宽与壳高的最优生长模型,von Bertalanffy模型为体重的最优生长模型,分别有效地拟合了马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系早期生长发育的累积生长曲线。     

基于实四元数的大旋转角三维坐标转换的改进谱修正迭代解法

提出一种基于单位实四元数的大旋转角三维坐标转换病态问题的新方法,该方法用单位实四元数构造旋转矩阵,可避免复杂的三角函数求导,易于线性化,系数矩阵更为简洁;考虑到模型法方程矩阵的病态性,引入岭参数和泛函矩阵,从而降低了方程病态性带来的不利影响,使方程求解达到稳定,同时方程迭代求解时解的估计值接近真值的程度较谱修正迭代法高。利用模拟及实测数据对算法进行验证,结果表明,该算法具有收敛速度快、不依赖转换参数初值、全局收敛、解为无偏、便于程序实现等优点,可为通用坐标转换提供一种新途径。     

Estimate of Global Sea-Air CO2 Flux with Sea-State-Dependent Parameterization

Although the annual global sea-air CO2 flux has been estimated extensively with various wind-dependent-k parameteri- zations, uncertainty still exists in the estimates. The sea-state-dependent-k parameterization is expected to improve the uncertainty existing in these estimates. In the present study, the annual global sea-air CO2 flux is estimated with the sea-state-dependent-k parameterization proposed by Woolf (2005), using NOAA/NCEP reanalysis wind speed and hindcast wave data from 1998 to 2006, and a new estimate, -2.18 Gt C year-1, is obtained, which is comparable with previous estimates with biochemical methods. It is in- teresting to note that the averaged value of previous estimates with various wind-dependent-k parameterizations is almost identical to that of previous estimates with biochemical methods by various authors, and that the new estimate is quite consistent with these av- eraged estimates.