Optimal estimation of catch by the continuous underway fish egg sampler based on a model of the vertical distribution of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) eggs

When this article was originally published, a     

毛里塔尼亚外海乌贼成熟个体的体征研究

体征表征动物个体的健康状况,影响个体的体型及其生殖价值。乌贼(Sepia officinalis)营终生一次繁殖产卵,但性腺发育成熟个体的体征变化过程尚未可知。为此,本研究利用残差指标分析方法,对毛里塔尼亚外海分布的乌贼成熟个体的体征及其与体型、摄食强度关系进行了分析研究。结果显示,乌贼雌性成熟个体胴长范围为138～323mm,雄性成熟个体胴长范围为135～343mm;两者胴长呈单峰值区间分布,体质量与胴长呈显著的幂函数关系,幂函数拟合b值小于3。雌性、雄性成熟个体的体征存在一定的波动变化但不显著,在功能性成熟产卵期仍保持较好状态。同时,体征与胴长没有显著的函数关系,但是与胃饱满度密切相关,胃饱满度越高、体征越好;并且雌性、雄性成熟个体的空胃率比较低,在14%～34%之间。结果表明,毛里塔尼亚外海乌贼成熟个体保持个体生长,通过正常的摄食活动保持较好的体征。     

Episodic Mass Invasions of Juvenile Gadoids into the Wadden Sea and their Consequences for the Population Dynamics of Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon)

Abstract. The brown shrimp Crangon crungon is considered to be a key species in the coastal waters of the North Sea and in particular in the Wadden Sea, since it occurs in masses and acts as both a highly efficient predator and important prey. The Wadden Sea is the nursery ground for brown shrimp. In 1990, a mass invasion of O-group whiting ( Merlangius merlangus ) reduced Crangon numbers to almost zero. Similar events, which had previously been reported in the 19th century, were observed in 1959 (whiting), 1970 (cod, Gadus morhua ), and 1983 (cod and whiting).
The 1990 invasion and the decline of the shrimp stock are documented on the basis of surveys that are compared with the years preceding and following. Consequences for the food web in the Wadden Sea and the reasons for the complete recovery of the shrimp stock in each case within one year after its collapse are discussed with regard to the Crangon crungon behaviour and reproductive potential. Sampling error and the impact of fisheries are also considered.