2016年运城4.4级地震序列精定位及发震构造分析

根据2016年运城4.4级地震序列资料,进行余震精定位、主震震源机制和发震构造等研究。地震震中分布结果显示,本次地震的发生构造与以往该地区震群型地震发震构造不同,构造单元相对简单,发生在盐湖北岸断裂附近。余震双差精定位结果显示,余震优势分布呈NNE向,NW向也有零星活动。精定位后震源深度集中分布在15-24 km,平均深度20.2 km,断层剖面深度集中分布在18-23 km,倾向NW,与盆地地形构造吻合。采用Snoke与CAP方法得到的震源机制解基本一致,此次序列的主震错断方式为走滑兼逆冲,节面B参数与中条山山前断裂东段走向和倾向接近。综合认为,本次运城地震序列的余震呈NNE向优势分布,精定位结合地震震源机制结果,推断此次地震序列发震断裂为中条山山前断裂的NNE向隐伏断裂。     

小江和曲江-石屏两断裂系统的构造动力学与强震序列的关联性

SN向小江断裂带与NW-NWW向曲江-石屏断裂带是云南地区两个相邻的活动断裂系统及强震发生带.为了了解它们的相互作用及其可能对地震发生的影响,基于活动构造、历史地震、重新定位的小震、GPS站速度与震源机制解等资料进行综合分析,结果表明：（1）小江断裂带西盘（川滇块体）的主动向南运动对曲江-石屏断裂带具有长期强烈的作用;后一断裂带以右旋走滑/剪切-横向缩短/逆冲变形的方式吸收与转换前一断裂带西盘的向南运动.（2）小江断裂带的现代左旋走滑/剪切变形速率由其北、中和中-南段的10～8mma-1减小到南段的4mma-1,速率减小的部分由曲江-石屏断裂带及其附近地区以逆-右旋走滑断层作用和分布式的右旋剪切与横向缩短变形进行调节.（3）小江与曲江-石屏断裂带的构造动力学关系还表现在它们地震活动的紧密关联上：1500～1850年期间小江断裂带及其以北的则木河断裂带完成了一个长达351a的强震、大地震发生序列,显示出应变逐渐加速释放、M≥7事件间隔逐渐缩短、大释放集中在序列中-后期等特征;作为对于这一序列的响应,曲江-石屏断裂带在滞后88a后,发生一个长达383a（1588～1970年）、具有相同加速释放与时间进程特征的强震与大地震序列.（4）至今,小江断裂带已有177a未发生M≥7地震,应注意并进一步研究该断裂带未来的强震与大地震危险性.     

南北地震带北段现今运动特征及地震活动性分析

利用1991—2015年GPS数据,研究南北地震带北段现今地壳水平速度场特征,根据区域地壳主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率的空间变化以及小震分布特征,对研究区主要断层的活动性及地震危险性进行综合分析。结果表明:①区域主应变率和最大剪应变高值区分布在海原断裂弧形构造带附近,香山—天景山断裂和六盘山断裂中南段应变率较低,结合历史地震及离逝时间,认为其可能处于孕震晚期;②海原断裂现今左旋走滑速率为(4±0.5)mm/a,香山—天景山断裂、烟筒山断裂和牛首山断裂活动性较弱,总体显示为逆冲兼走滑的性质;③震源深度剖面显示老虎山断裂、海原断裂南东段小震分布较密集而均匀,海原断裂北西段小震较少,香山—天景山东南段存在一个小震稀疏段,断层可能已经闭锁,未来应重点关注。     

紫坪铺水库库区地震精定位研究及分析

利用双差定位法, 对紫坪铺水库台网8个地震台站记录到的2004年8月16日至2008年5月10日的1569个小震进行重新定位。 结果显示, 重新定位后的小震主要集中分布在龙门山推覆构造带的中央北川—映秀断裂、 前山灌县-江油断裂和后山汶川—茂汶断裂上, 其中大部分地震位于北川—映秀断裂并收敛于紫坪铺水库的两端, 走向NE向; 震源深度集中在5~15 km范围内, 平均深度为7.8 km, 15~30 km也有少量地震发生。 水库区域小震活动频度与水库水位存在一定的相关性。 精定位后, 到时残差的均方根平均值为0.048 s, 震源位置的估算误差在水平方向上平均为0.63 km, 在垂直方向上平均为0.51 km。 文中还讨论了紫坪铺水库区震源分布和地质构造的关系。     

云南建水-蒙自一带断裂滑动速率与冲沟对走滑断错的响应

1新构造环境 云南建水-蒙自一带位于小江断裂带南段以东、红河断裂带南段以北,紧邻川滇菱形块体东南端,大致在石屏-建水断裂SEE方向的延长线上,主要断裂有蒙自东山断裂、田山断裂和黑泥地断裂.因这一地区历史上无大震记录且构造活动不如小江断裂带、曲江断裂带和石屏-建水断裂强烈而未引起活动构造研究者的重视.但其位于川滇菱形块体向SE145°平移的前锋,势必受到川滇菱形块体运动的影响,断裂也会表现出一定程度的响应.     

2013年川滇交界香格里拉—得荣震群序列的重新定位、震源机制及发震构造

2013年8月28日和31日四川得荣县与云南德钦县、香格里拉县交界地区分别发生MS5.2和MS5.9地震.这两次主震连同截至2013年12月31日发生的589次M≥1.5余震,构成香格里拉—得荣震群序列.该序列的震区位于青藏高原东南隅横断山脉的三江构造带地区,地处川滇菱形块体西边界,当地有多组交错的活动断裂.为了了解这一震群序列的震源构造特征以及震区的构造动力环境,我们利用区域地震台网的数字波形资料以及中国地震台网中心的有关震相数据,建立了分区速度结构模型;使用Loc3D(川滇走时表定位软件)重新测定该震群序列中10次MS4.0地震的位置,利用双差法对该序列中的更小地震进行重新定位;同时,采用地震矩张量的时间域反演方法获得10次MS4.0地震震源机制的矩张量解.重新定位结果显示:香格里拉—得荣震群序列的绝大部分地震发生在NW向德钦—中甸—大具断裂中段7~15km深度的基底层,整个序列的震源分布长度约17km,横向宽度约7km;震源分布在横剖面表现为负花状构造的断裂带内,其中,NE倾向的主干活动断裂及其北东侧一条SW倾向的次级断裂分别控制该负花状构造的两个侧边.本研究反演得到的震源机制解显示:该序列所有MS4.0地震均是德钦—中甸—大具断裂中段在近S-N向—NNE-SSW向拉张作用下的正断层作用的结果,右旋走滑作用并不明显.这与该断裂晚第四纪活动的地质地貌特征—右旋走滑为主、正断倾滑为辅—并不吻合.这种不一致可能暗示震区的现今构造运动与以往有所不同,为进一步研究青藏亚板块东南隅与缅甸亚板块以及印度板块交界地区的现今构造动力学提出了问题与线索.     

小江断裂带晚第四纪活动研究综述

小江断裂带是川滇菱形块体的东南边界断裂,是大型左旋走滑断裂。在总结已有研究成果的基础上,概述了小江断裂带空间展布、滑动速率、地震活动特征、强震地表破裂特征、地震危险性等方面的研究进展。已有研究结果表明,小江断裂带可分为北段、中段、南段,其中中段又可分为东支和西支。整条断裂带全新世的滑动速率为10 mm/a左右,其中北段和中段滑动速率为8～12 mm/a,南段滑动速率小于8 mm/a。小江断裂带沿线及周边地区地震频发,北段、中段地震活动性明显高于南段,强震活动具有明显的时空不均匀性,南段和巧家-东川段为地震空区,具有较高的强震危险性。通过对小江断裂带的论述,认为小江断裂带南段穿过红河断裂并向南延伸,但小江断裂带向南延伸模式及小江断裂带南段速度亏损是否由曲江断裂、石屏-建水断裂和红河断裂吸收,小江断裂带古地震是否与曲江断裂、石屏-建水断裂古地震相互影响,“Y”字形构造带吸收和调节模式还需进一步研究。     

北京及其邻区小震重定位与活动构造分析

使用双差定位法对北京及其邻区(38°~42°N,113°~120°E)范围内2002年1月~2015年12月的11 796个小震进行重新定位,获得9 311个重定位结果,结合北京及其邻区地质构造特征,分析了小震空间分布特征与活动构造的关系及其揭示的信息。结果表明:重新定位结果显著提高了原始定位结果的精度。震源深度主要分布在6~16km,显示孕震层主要位于中上地壳,且平原区的震源深度比基岩山区深。小震的空间分布明显受活动构造控制,主要分布在晚第四纪活动断裂发育的张家口—渤海构造带、山西断陷盆地带和华北平原断拗区内,并多沿活动断裂(带)呈线状分布或在不同方向活动断裂交会区呈面状分布。小震活动可明显反映断裂(带)的活动性,如程各庄—夏垫—固安断裂带、唐山—沧东断裂带、太行山山前断裂带等均呈明显的分段活动性。小震分布在一定程度上也可以揭示断裂的倾向、倾角及其延伸展布情况。沿二十里长山断裂至蓟运河断裂一线可能存在地下贯通的NW向隐伏活动断裂带,过文安地区可能存在走向为NNE—SSW的隐伏活动断裂带,永定河断裂可能延伸至平原区内部,到达廊坊一带。     

浙江珊溪水库2014年震群活动发震机理研究

本文使用双差定位法对2014年9月12日至12月30日浙江珊溪水库发生的4184次地震进行重定位,并采用CAP方法对11次M_L≥3.0地震事件的震源机制解进行反演,讨论了震群序列的活动特征及其与断裂之间的关系,分析了水库水位与地震之间的关系.重新定位的结果显示,在空间分布上,2014年震群序列发生在2006年震群序列NW向延伸的方向上,两者形成一条线性条带,该条带平行分布于双溪—焦溪垟断裂南侧.重定位得到的震源主要在0.7—6 km深度范围内分层分布,垂直于地震条带走向的震源剖面刻画出的结构面以高角度倾向SW.震源机制解结果显示多数地震为走滑型,均存在一个与地震条带走向一致的NW向节面,呈右旋走滑错动性质.考虑到断裂的定位误差,线性分布的震群活动极有可能沿双溪—焦溪垟断裂的破裂面活动,精定位的震源位置和震源机制刻画出了该断裂的几何结构和活动性质.但由于多数地震的震源深度在6 km以上,因此震群活动不能归为双溪—焦溪垟断裂活动的结果,即双溪—焦溪垟断裂不是这两次震群的发震构造,而且仍然属于水库诱发地震,而水库地震存在激发该断裂发生构造地震的可能.水库水位上升或者下降与震群活动关系不大,震群活动有随时间进一步增强的趋势, 可能是库水沿库底断层破裂面长期渗透和扩散增加了孔隙压所致.      

北京地区小震精定位结果初步探讨

利用双差重定位方法对北京地区(39.2°N～41.2°N,115.2°E～117.6°E)2008年10月至2020年3月期间共6463个地震事件进行重新定位,得到4776个高质量地震事件的空间位置分布。定位结果均方根走时残差显著降低,震源间的相对位置精度明显提高,地震活动的成丛性与活动断层之间的关系更加密切。根据重定位结果探讨了小震活动与活动断裂及深浅构造的关系,得到以下结论:夏垫断裂小震活动强烈,重定位后震中分布明显向断裂靠拢,呈现沿断裂走向延伸的NE向线状分布。结合人工剖面探测结果推测,该区域深度剖面上小震集中带10km深度附近较宽的丛集区主要是浅部铲形断裂活动所致,14～22km深度附近相对较窄近直立的小震丛集为深部断裂活动产生。怀—涿次级盆地北缘断裂现今小震活动活跃,该区域小震深度剖面揭示该断裂为倾向南东、上陡下缓的铲形断层。结合人工剖面探测结果,分析认为该区域深浅断裂共存和非均匀的地壳结构为中强地震发生的深部构造背景。平原区内部小震分布与第四纪断陷盆地和地层厚度分布存在较强的相关性,研究区域内部昌平—海淀小震集中区、顺义小震集中区、夏垫小震丛集区和廊坊小震丛集区分别位于马池口—沙河断陷盆地、顺义断陷盆地、大厂断陷盆地和固安—廊坊—永清断陷盆地。根据小震空间密集成带分布特征来推测未知断裂,推测怀柔南部山区小震集中区下方存在隐伏断层,宝坻至夏垫断裂段之间NW向的小震集中分布区下方存在一条走向NW或者NWW的隐伏断层。     

LIMITATION OF CURRENT TECTONIC DEFORMATION MODES IN THE WESTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BASED ON SEISMIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS

Due to the interaction between the Tibetan plateau, the Alxa block and the Ordos block, the western margin of Ordos(33.5°~39°N, 104°~108°E)has complex tectonic features and deformation patterns with strong tectonic activities and active faults. Active faults with different strikes and characteristics have been developed, including the Haiyuan Fault, the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault, the Liupanshan Fault, the Yunwushan Fault, the Yantongshan Fault, the eastern Luoshan Fault, the Sanguankou-Niushoushan Fault, the Yellow River Fault, the west Qinling Fault, and the Xiaoguanshan Fault. In this study, 7 845 earthquakes(M≥1.0)from January 1st, 1990 to June 30th, 2018 were relocated using the double-difference location algorithm, and finally, we got valid locations for 4 417 earthquakes. Meanwhile, we determined focal mechanism solutions for 54 earthquakes(M≥3.5)from February 28th, 2009 to September 2nd, 2017 by the Cut and Paste(CAP)method and collected 15 focal mechanism solutions from previous studies. The spatial distribution law of the earthquake, the main active fault geometry and the regional tectonic stress field characteristics are studied comprehensively. We found that the earthquakes are more spatially concentrated after the relocation, and the epicenters of larger earthquakes(M≥3.5) are located at the edge of main active faults. The average hypocenter depth is about 8km and the seismogenic layer ranges from 0 to 20km. The spatial distributions and geometry structures of the faults and the regional deformation feature are clearly mapped with the relocated earthquakes and vertical profiles. The complex focal mechanism solutions indicate that the arc-shaped tectonic belt consisting of Haiyuan Fault, Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault and Yantongshan Fault is dominated by compression and torsion; the Yellow River Fault is mainly by stretching; the west Qinling Fault is characterized by shear and compression. The structural properties of the fault structure are dominated by strike-slip and thrust, with a larger strike-slip component. The near-north-south Yellow River Fault is characterized by high angle NW dipping and normal fault motion. Based on small earthquake relocation and focal mechanism solution results, and in combination with published active structures and geophysical data in the study area, it is confirmed that the western margin of Ordos is affected by the three blocks of the Tibetan plateau, the Alax and the Ordos, presenting different tectonic deformation modes, and there are also obvious differences in motion among the secondary blocks between the active faults. The area south of the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault has moved southeastward since the early Quaternary; the Yinchuan Basin and the block in the eastern margin of the Yellow River Fault move toward the SE direction.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD OF THE XIAOWAN RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT

Using the seismic waveform data of Xiaowan seismic network and Yunnan seismic network, we determined the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 by generalized polarity and amplitude technique. We inverted tectonic stress field of the Xiaowan reservoir before impounding, using the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and CAP solutions of 58 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 4.0)collected and the solutions in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)catalog; We inverted local stress field of the reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area, using 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015. Focal mechanisms statistics show that, the Weixi-Qiaohou Fault is the seismic fault. Focal mechanisms were strike-slip type in initial stage, but normal fault type in later stage. Focal depths statistics of 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)show that, the average value of focal depths in period Ⅰ, period Ⅱ and period Ⅲ are 8.2km, 7.3km and 7.8km respectively and the standard deviations are 4.3km, 3.5km and 6.0km respectively. The average value of focal depths is basically stable in different period, only the standard deviation is slightly different. Therefore, there is not positive connection between focal depth and deviation of focal mechanisms. What's more, there are 2 earthquakes(number 46 and number 47 in Fig.5 and Table 3)with almost the same magnitude, epicenter and focal depth, but they have different faulting types as normal and strike-slip. The focal mechanism of event No.46 is strike:302°, dip:40° and rake:-97° for plane Ⅰ, however, the focal mechanism of event No.47 is strike:292°, dip:82° and rake:140° for plane Ⅰ. Likewise, earthquake of number 3 and number 18 have similar characteristic. Therefore, the obvious focal mechanism difference of similar earthquake pair indicates the complexity of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault. Considering the quiet-active character of reservoir-triggered earthquakes, we discussed the change of local stress field in different period. The σ₁ of tectonic stress field was in the near-south direction, with a dip angle of 14° before the impoundment, however, the direction of σ₁ of local stress field changed continuously, with the dip angle getting larger after the impoundment. The direction of σ₁ of local stress field of reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area is close to the strike of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault, and reservoir impoundment increased the shear stress in the fault, so the weakening of fault was beneficial to trigger earthquakes. Comprehensive analysis suggests that fluid permeation and pore pressure diffusion caused by the water impounding, and the weakening of fault caused by local stress field are the key factors to trigger earthquake in the Xiaowan reservoir.     

FOCAL FAULTS AND STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN 2017

On August 8, 2017, Beijing time, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with the epicenter located at 33.20°N 103.82°E. The earthquake caused 25 people dead, 525 people injured, 6 people missing and 170000 people affected. Many houses were damaged to various degrees. Up to October 15, 2017, a total of 7679 aftershocks were recorded, including 2099 earthquakes of M ≥ 1.0. The M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred in the northeastern boundary belt of the Bayan Har block on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where many active faults are developed, including the Tazhong Fault(the eastern segment of the East Kunlun Fault), the Minjiang fault zone, the Xueshan fault zone, the Huya fault zone, the Wenxian fault zone, the Guanggaishan-Daishan Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, the Longriuba Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. As one of the important passages for the eastward extrusion movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Tapponnier et al., 2001), the East Kunlun fault zone has a crucial influence on the tectonic activities of the northeastern boundary belt of Bayan Kala. Meanwhile, the Coulomb stress, fault strain and other research results show that the eastern boundary of the Bayan Har block still has a high risk of strong earthquakes in the future. So the study of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake' seismogenic faults and stress fields is of great significance for scientific understanding of the seismogenic environment and geodynamics of the eastern boundary of Bayan Har block. In this paper, the epicenter of the main shock and its aftershocks were relocated by the double-difference relocation method and the spatial distribution of the aftershock sequence was obtained. Then we determined the focal mechanism solutions of 24 aftershocks(M ≥ 3.0)by using the CAP algorithm with the waveform records of China Digital Seismic Network. After that, we applied the sliding fitting algorithm to invert the stress field of the earthquake area based on the previous results of the mechanism solutions. Combining with the previous research results of seismogeology in this area, we discussed the seismogenic fault structure and dynamic characteristics of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our research results indicated that:1)The epicenters of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence distribute along NW-SE in a stripe pattern with a long axis of about 35km and a short axis of about 8km, and with high inclination and dipping to the southwest, the focal depths are mainly concentrated in the range of 2~25km, gradually deepening from northwest to southeast along the fault, but the dip angle does not change remarkably on the whole fault. 2)The focal mechanism solution of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is:strike 151°, dip 69° and rake 12° for nodal plane Ⅰ, and 245°, 78° and -158° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the main shock type is pure strike-slip and the centroid depth of the earthquake is about 5km. Most of the focal mechanism of the aftershock sequence is strike-slip type, which is consistent with the main shock's focal mechanism solution; 3)In the earthquake source area, the principal compressive stress and the principal tensile stress are both near horizontal, and the principal compressive stress is near east-west direction, while the principal tensile stress is near north-south direction. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake is a strike-slip event that occurs under the horizontal compressive stress.     

STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN

On October 17, 2014, a M_S6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo M_S6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with M_L ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature.     

RELOCATION OF THE BACKGROUND SEISMICITY AND INVESTIGATION ON THE BURIED ACTIVE FAULTS IN SOUTHEASTERN CHINA

Most of the regions in southeastern China are covered by thick Cenozoic sediments, or are the mountainous areas, so it is difficult to find and locate the active faults using the conventional geologic methods. The precisely relocated background seismicity in the seismically active region can be used to identify the buried active structure. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between regional tectonics and background seismicity, and interpreted the possible buried active faults in southeastern China using the relocated background seismicity. We relocated the background seismicity occurring in the region from 106°E to 122°E and from 22°N to 35°N between 1990 and 2014 using the doubble difference earthquake location algorithm. More than 51000 small earthquakes were relocated. In general, the relocated background seismicity corresponds well to the tectonics, showing the zonation features with typical seismicity pattern in each tectonic regime. It is observed that in the weakly active tectonic regime, the seismicity distributes dispersely or even scarcely, while in the strongly active tectonic region, the seismicity is highly clustered and organized to lineation pattern showing the same direction as the strike of the dominating fault zone. We interpreted the buried active faults using the lineation of seismicity. The inferred active faults are observed in the southeast coast region, the northwest Guangxi Province, the southeast boundary region of the Sichian Basin, and around the Huoshan Fault, many of which were not found by previous studies. The relocated hypocentral depth varies greatly in southeastern China. The shallowest earthquakes between 0 and 15km mainly distribute in the central region, indicating that the brittle deformation process only occurred in the upper crust, while the middle and lower crust are to be half-ductile and ductile deformation. There are earthquakes occurred in lower crust in the southeast coast region. The maximum depths distribute in the southeast boundary region of the Sichuan Basin, some are greater than 40km, indicating that the crust depth is larger than other places and the lower crust still sustains brittle deformation, which corresponds to the lower geothermal value and high crustal strength.     

analyzing the variation characteristics of stress field in hetao seismic belt using focal mechanism data

Based on analysis of background of geological tectonic movement and strong earthquake activity, we first obtained the focal mechanism solutions using amplitude ratio and CAP method, then determined the characteristic of average stress field of the study area by inversion of the stress field. On this basis, we selected the source mechanism consistency parameter as the inspection index to obtain the latest changes of stress field in Hetao seismic zone based on its temporal and spatial analysis. Two methods were used in the stress field inversion for comparison and analysis, which are average stress axis tensor and LSIB(Linear stress inversion bootstrap, LSIB). According to the geological tectonic movement and focal mechanism solutions of M_S≥4.0 earthquakes from 1970, we judge that the stress field evolution process of Hetao seismic belt is controlled jointly by vertical difference movement and horizontal shear movement, resulting in that the normal fault and strike-slip fault mechanisms are dominating.Taking into account the station layout of the study area, and in order to ensure the accuracy of calculation, we calculated 224 earthquakes focal mechanism solutions by using amplitude ratio and CAP method, including 164 earthquakes with 2.8≤M_L<3.5, 42 earthquakes with 3.5≤M_L<4.0, and 18 earthquakes with M_L≥4.0; The statistical results on type of focal mechanisms show that, there are 142 strike-slip earthquakes(63.4%), 50 normal fault earthquakes(22.3%)and 32 thrust fault earthquakes(14.3%). In this study period(from 2001 to 2012), most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Hetao seismic belt, this is one of the inherent characteristics of the stress field.The result of average stress axis tensor and LSIB shows that, the azimuth of maximum compressional stress is 47°～52°, direction is NE-SW; The azimuth of minimum compressional stress is 313°～322°, direction is NW-SE; This indicates that, the stress field characteristics of Hetao seismic belt and its sub-block are not completely consistent. Linhe Basin exhibits coordinated stress field characteristics with Hetao seismic belt, but Hubao Basin exhibits regional differences, direction of compressive stress has clockwise deflection in Baotou area, and the compressive stress direction is NEE. This heteropical character of stress field is also confirmed by horizontal projection distribution of stress axis of historical strong earthquakes and recent moderate and small earthquakes. Since 2003, the temporal sequence curve of consistency parameter of Hetao seismic belt had a downward trend, this change was caused by focal mechanism consistency parameter of Linhe to Wuhai area, which indicates that this structural position is possible to be a priority area for stress accumulation and accelerated release in future.     

中、缅、印交界地区的地震分布特征及震源机制解的研究

利用1965——1981年mb4.0的580个地震,研究了中、缅、印交界地区的地震空间分布特征,得到地震主要在阿萨姆块体周围及凹向块体的断裂带上成带或成群分布;在缅甸北部大约由20N到26N存在倾斜地震带,其倾向由南到北逐渐由东转向南东东,其倾角由30变为50;地震带厚度为20——30km;作了38个地震的机制解,机制解表明,在缅甸北部、阿萨姆块体及其相邻地区压力轴为北东方向且近于水平,反映了印度板块以北东方向挤压欧亚板块.      

PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE EARTHQUAKES TO FAULT STABILITY ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

Analysis of stress state of faults is helpful to understand crustal mechanical properties and seismicity. In the paper, we invert the horizontal crustal stress field in the southeastern Tibetan plateau using focal mechanism solutions of small and medium-size earthquakes, and apply them to estimate the stability of regional major faults. Firstly, we collect focal mechanism solutions of small and medium-sized earthquakes in the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The dataset includes more than 1 000 focal mechanism solutions in the past twenty years. Magnitudes of these earthquakes vary from M3.0 to M6.0. Most of the focal mechanism solutions were determined using waveform inversion technique. Although most of focal mechanism solutions in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are strike-slip faulting, their spatial pattern is different in sub-regions. Normal faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the western Sichuan region, reverse faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the boundary zone between the Tibetan plateau and the South China craton, and strike-slip faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the central and southern Yunnan region. Next, we settle on a mesh with grid spacing of 0.5° in longitude and latitude in the region and invert the horizontal crustal stress field at each grid point. Spatial variation of the maximum principal stress axis in the southeastern Tibetan plateau shows a clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntax. The azimuth of maximum compressional stress axis is about 88.1° in the western Sichuan region, about 124.6° in the South China craton, and about 21.6° in the western and southern Yunnan region. The azimuth of regional maximum compressional stress is nearly parallel to the direction of terrain elevation gradient, and that of the minimum compressional stress is nearly parallel to the tangential direction of the topographic elevation contours. The spatial pattern reflects the control role of gravity spreading of the Tibetan plateau on the regional horizontal stress field. Finally, we analyzed regional fault stability based on these collected focal mechanism solutions. The fault instability parameter (I) is defined based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and indicates the degree of fault approximating to rupture. The instability parameters on fourteen major faults in the southeastern Tibetan plateau were calculated. Our results show that the stability of the Lianfeng-Zhaotong Fault is the lowest before 2014 in the region, which indicates the fault zone is close to rupture at that time. Our results provide a new useful tool to assess regional seismic potential using dense focal mechanism solutions.     

台湾地区强震发生的构造环境与地震活动性分析

台湾中部造山带前缘呈现为一弧形逆冲构造体系 ,每个弧形带分别由多个不同尺度但各自独立的次级弧形构造组成 ,而每一个弧形构造都有其各自独立的几何学、运动学和动力学特征 ,是典型的褶皱 -逆冲带 ,但同时各个次级弧形构造间却又有自相似特性。在对台湾中部地区弧形逆冲构造体系的空间位置与地震活动间的关系分析基础上 ,归纳出中部弧型逆冲地震带的地震活动特征 ,以台湾东西地震区的构造划分和北部、中部与南部不同的弧陆构造现象 ,描述了台湾地区的近代地震活动 (190 0年以来的 10 0年间 )与现代地震地质构造的关系     

2014年秭归M_S4.5和M_S4.9地震震源与发震构造特征

2014年3月27日和30日湖北秭归县发生了三峡水库蓄水以来该地区最大的2次地震,文中通过多种方法分析了2次地震的震源与发震构造特征。采用Kiwi方法反演2次地震的矩张量解,该方法中使用了湖北和重庆测震台网14个宽频带波形记录和6层地壳速度结构模型,反演结果显示,2次地震观测谱和波形与理论谱和波形拟合得比较好,非拟合误差数0.57,表明反演结果是可靠的。2次地震均为走滑兼少量逆冲错动,但前一地震为左旋走滑,后一地震为右旋走滑,矩张量解中DC成分偏少而ISO成分多可能是库水对地下介质物性影响的反映。同时也使用三峡台网15个子台记录的波形资料,采用双差定位法重新精定位了从3月27日至4月27日时段内超过500次地震序列事件,结果显示余震序列分布方向为NNW向和NE向,但主要集中在NE向,并分别沿NNW和NE向作了深度剖面,剖面显示震源深度为4.5~10.0km,余震在深部呈现2个较明显的断面,与震源机制解NE向节面产状一致。野外现场宏观烈度调查指出,Ⅴ度极震区等震线为一椭圆,长轴NWW向,短轴NE向,结合野外现场考察结果和震源区地质构造背景,综合推断仙女山断裂北端的NE向破裂面为2次地震的发震断面,余震序列的NE和NNW向分布、剖面上发震层的形态和深度特征表明,这次地震活动受到了仙女山断裂和九畹溪断裂活动的控制与影响。