贵州六枝-盘县地区早二叠世隆林期(竹蜒)类组合与沉积环境

六枝-盘县地区的早二叠世隆林期地层,相区分异明显、(竹蜒)类化石数量巨大.各相区(竹蜒)类化石群落特征差异较大:半局限台地相为Staffella-Nankinella-Pisolina;台地边缘生物滩(礁)相为Parafusulina-Pseudofusulina;斜坡-盆地相为Pseudofusulina,进一步划分为近岸碳酸盐上缓坡环境的Staffella-Parafusulina-Wentzellophyllum群落、远岸碳酸盐上缓坡环境的Pamirina-Schwagerina-Pseudofusulina群落、碳酸盐下缓坡环境的Pseudofusulina-Robustoschwagerina-Kepingophyllum群落和盆地环境的Pseudofusulina-Schwagerina-Verbeekiella群落.     

贵州六枝-盘县地区早二叠世隆林期[竹蜓]类组合与沉积环境

六枝-盘县地区的早二叠世隆林期地层，相区分异明显、篮类化石数量巨大。各相区篮类化石群落特征差异较大：半局限台地相为Staffella—Nankinella—Pisolina；台地边缘生物滩（礁）相为Parafusulina—Pseudofusulina;斜坡-盆地相为Pseudofusulina，进一步划分为近岸碳酸盐上缓坡环境的Staffella-Parafusulina-Wentzellophyllum群落、远岸碳酸盐上缓坡环境的Pamirina-Schwagerina-Pseudofusulina群落、碳酸盐下缓坡环境的Pseudofusulina Robustoschwagerina-Kepingophyllum 群落和盆地环境的Pseudofusulina-Schwagerina-Verbeekiella群落。     

四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局

四川盆地东北部长兴组（大隆组）为海洋环境的产物,根据沉积特点,可以分为碳酸盐台地沉积体系和盆地沉积体系。碳酸盐台地沉积体系又可进一步分为局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩及缓坡等沉积相。在详细研究分析各沉积体系的沉积特点的基础上,探讨了该期沉积相带的空间分布,提出了不存在“开江一梁平”海槽的认识。笔者等认为在“开江梁平海槽”区域内,长兴组只是水体相对台地较深环境（台棚环境）的产物,为碳酸盐缓坡,不宜称为海槽。指出台地边缘浅滩及生物礁是储层最有利相带,礁白云岩及颗粒白云岩等是储层的有利微相。研究区的生物礁为碳酸盐台地边缘缓坡点礁群,沿着台地边缘断续分布。     

西秦岭中泥盆世沉积环境及其与铅—锌矿的关系

西秦岭中泥盆世沉积环境可分为深海—次深海盆地相区、碳酸盐台地及浅海陆棚相区和浅海盆地相区三大部分,其中又可划出若干相、亚相及微相。对于铅—锌矿产至关重要的是断陷滞流盆地相及碳酸盐台地相。矿床的形成与沉积环境关系密切:热水沉积型铅—锌矿床生成于断陷滞流盆地环境中,受生长断裂、热水沉积作用及断陷滞流盆地的联合控制;热水沉积改造型铅—锌矿床生成于碳酸盐台地边缘生物礁亚相中,受碳酸盐台地、生物礁及热水沉积改造作用的控制。     

贵州早二叠世岩相古地理研究

根据岩石组合,古生物组合,沉积构造及剖面结构,将贵州早二叠世沉积相划分为四个相区、九个相带,它们是: 1.滨岸漫滩沼泽相 Ⅰ.陆地边缘相区 2.潮汐泥坪相 3.潮坪沼泽相 4.半局限台地相带 Ⅱ.碳酸盐台地相区 5.开阔台地相带 6.较深水台沟相带 7.碳酸盐合地边缘生物滩相带 Ⅲ .碳酸盐台地边缘相区8.碳酸盐台地边缘生物礁相带 　 Ⅳ.浅海盆地相区 9.浅海陆棚相带。 贵州早二叠世经历了一个完整的海进海退旋回,茅口早期是最大的海侵期,就沉积的演化而言,它大体经历了两个阶段。即第一阶段(栖霞早期)系清水和浊水混合的缓坡型沉积,其特征是:1.碳酸岩与碎屑岩共同发育;2.碳酸盐台地边缘礁滩相不发育。第二阶段(栖霞晚期至茅日晚期)为清水碳酸盐台地沉积,特征是:1.主要为碳酸盐岩,2.碳酸盐台地边缘生物滩礁带发育。     

湖北长阳资丘二叠纪沉积及演化特征

湖北长阳资丘二叠系剖面地层出露良好,特征明显,以碳酸盐岩沉积为主。野外剖面测量和室内微相分析表明,二叠系岩相主要由生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、砂屑灰岩、砾屑灰岩、硅质岩、钙质页岩等组成。根据岩相、古生物化石及碳酸盐岩微相分析,研究区二叠系主要为碳酸盐斜坡、台地和盆地沉积。其中,中二叠世发育碳酸盐斜坡沉积和盆地沉积,晚二叠世发育斜坡沉积、碳酸盐台地和盆地沉积。沉积演化表明,该区二叠纪发生了2次海进—海退旋回:第一次海侵发生在栖霞期,茅口期末结束;第二次始于吴家坪初期,持续到长兴末期。在中二叠统栖霞组下部发现了丰富的遗迹化石Zoophycos,形态及沉积构造研究表明此遗迹化石产生于浪基面以下较深水的碳酸盐岩斜坡环境。     

泰国呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组碳酸盐岩沉积相特征

通过研究区3口钻井岩芯、测井、录井资料分析,结合薄片鉴定、阴极发光、X衍射、同位素及微量元素分析等分析手段,对呵叻盆地二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育特征及沉积模式进行了系统分析。研究表明,呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组发育缓坡型无障壁碳酸盐台地沉积,研究区位于碳酸盐台地前缘斜坡部位,以海水浪基面为界,可划分为台地前缘浅水斜坡亚相及较深水斜坡亚相。浅水斜坡亚相指示沉积环境为位于浪基面以下或附近、水动力弱、弱还原-弱氧化的台地前缘斜坡环境;较深水斜坡亚相组合指示沉积环境为位于浪基面以下、水体较深、水动力弱、弱还原-中等还原的前缘斜坡环境。整体来看,研究区二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积时期主要为水体较深、水动力弱、垂向上沉积环境稳定的低能环境沉积。该沉积环境不利于形成良好的基质孔隙条件,有利储层发育主要取决于碳酸盐岩地层后期改造程度。     

川西北部泥盆系观雾山组沉积相新认识——以大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面为例

川西泥盆系观雾山组沉积相研究缺乏横向对比,沉积模式还存在争议。根据川西北部白家乡大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面实测成果,对中泥盆统观雾山组沉积相进行了分析,认为:大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面观雾山组为碳酸盐镶边台地沉积,期间发生短暂的碳酸盐缓坡化;桂溪剖面观雾山组同属碳酸盐台地边缘,观雾山组中段发育开阔台地深水沉积,并不是前人认为的潟湖沉积。研究区碳酸盐镶边台地包括台地边缘和前缘斜坡两种亚相,前缘斜坡亚相发育于何家梁剖面,以塌积岩沉积为标志。碳酸盐缓坡包括深水缓坡和浅水缓坡两种亚相。随着海平面变化,观雾山组碳酸盐岩发育三个沉积旋回,第一、第三沉积旋回为镶边台地沉积,第二沉积旋回为碳酸盐缓坡沉积。观雾山组沉积微相对储层的分布起控制作用:生物碎屑滩和上斜坡微相为有利储层发育相带;生物礁中在油气运移之前形成的溶蚀孔洞已被白云石和方解石充填,滩间微相泥质(泥晶)白云岩不利于溶蚀孔洞形成,这二者均不是有利储层发育相带。     

陕西富平中奥陶统金粟山组的遗迹化石及沉积环境

陕西富平中奥陶统金粟山组产有大量遗迹化石。本文建立了第三段的Paleodictyon遗迹群落;认为二、三段的遗迹组合相当于Nereites遗迹相。同时利用遗迹化石进行了沉积环境分析。认为金粟山组的沉积环境自上而下经历了碳酸盐台地-盆地边缘-陆坡下部-陆坡上部的演变。     

上扬子地台下古生界层序地层序列

研究区主要集中于上扬子地台东缘的湘黔交界一带,属于被动大陆边缘的性质,并具有台地、台地边缘、缓坡到盆地的构造古地理分带。其中寒武系以台地边缘和缓坡带为主,位于湘西凤凰一带;奥陶系包括台地、台地边缘、缓坡及盆地,位于湘西北桃园至桃江及湖北宜昌;志留系包...     

鄂西—湘西北地区二叠纪栖霞期岩相古地理

对鄂西—湘西北地区多个沉积剖面的地层及沉积相进行了详细分析,结果表明,该区二叠纪栖霞期至茅口初期主要为内克拉通碳酸盐岩缓坡环境,发育内缓坡相、中缓坡相、外缓坡相和盆地相.内缓坡相以厚层至块状生物碎屑石灰岩为主,生物颗粒以绿藻和底栖有孔虫为主,缺乏高能沉积的生物颗粒.中缓坡相以中厚层含生物碎屑颗粒石灰岩以及厚层灰泥石灰岩...     

Sedimentation during carbonate ramp-to-slope evolution in a tectonically active area: Bowland Basin (Dinantian), northern England

The Bowland Basin (northern England) contains a series of carbonates and terrigenous mudstones deposited during the Ivorian to early Brigantian. Two regional depositional environments are indicated by facies and facies associations. Wackestone/packstone and calcarenite facies indicate deposition in a carbonate ramp environment, while lime mudstone/wackestone, calcarenite and limestone breccia/conglomerate facies, often extensively slumped, represent a carbonate slope environment. Stratigraphic relations suggest that the depositional environment evolved from a ramp into a slope through the Dinantian. Two main sediment sources are indicated by the sequence; an extra-basinal terrigenous mud source and a supply of carbonate from the margins of the basin. Deposition from suspension and from sediment gravity flows, in situ production and remobilization of sediment during sedimentary sliding were important processes operating within the basin. Periods of enhanced tectonic activity in the late Chadian to early Arundian and late Asbian to early Brigantian are indicated by basin-wide horizons of sedimentary slide and mass flow deposits. Both intervals were marked by a decline in carbonate production resulting from inundation and uplift/emergence. The first of these intervals separates deposition on a seafloor with gentle topography (carbonate ramp) from a situation where major lateral thickness and facies variations were present and deposition took place in a carbonate slope environment. The second interval marks the end of major carbonate deposition within the Bowland Basin and the onset of regional terrigenous sedimentation.     

湘西-黔东地区寒武系都匀阶清虚洞期 岩相古地理与铅锌成矿关系研究

依据地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性,结合上扬子地区寒武系十余条代表性剖面的沉积特征及其横向展布规律,应用等时面优势相成图方法编制了寒武系都匀阶清虚洞期岩相古地理图.区内古地理格局具有西高东低、北浅南深(水深)的特点,沉积自北西向南东超覆,层位逐渐抬高穿时;岩性、厚度、颜色和沉积相类型上的差异是统一沉积背景下沉积物相变、穿时的结果.清虚洞组由灰岩段和白云岩段组成,以发育缓坡型碳酸盐台地为特征,纵向上构成总体向上变浅的沉积相序列,同时反映了缓坡型碳酸盐台地的生长发育过程;横向上从北西至南东发育从混积潮坪相、浅缓坡相、中缓坡相、深缓坡相和陆棚-盆地等沉积.岩相古地理对层控铅锌矿具有明显的控制作用,主要分布于中缓坡相藻灰岩微晶丘中,浊积岩、微晶丘、砾(粒)屑灰岩构成一完整的铅锌控矿序列.     

鄂北南化地区寒武纪缓坡沉积及层序

出露于鄂北南化地区的寒武纪地层，总厚约１４００ｍ，主体为一套碳酸盐岩。对沉积岩相及相组合的分析表明，本区寒武系主要是形成于碳酸盐缓坡之上，并可以划分出四种主要的沉积相带:浅水陆棚、深水缓坡、浅水缓坡建隆和近岸浅水缓坡。本文还初步研究了区内寒武系露头的层序地层学特征，划分出两个亚层序，并探讨了亚层序内部岩相的不同叠置类型及其在时间上的演化与相应的海平面升降变化。通过与已有的旋回性海平面变化模式相对比，得出了本区寒武纪层序内部的次级旋回可能指示第三级海平面变化旋回的认识。     

上扬子地台南缘早志留世埃隆期碳酸盐岩岩石学特征及沉积环境

上扬子地台南缘早志留世埃隆期发育的碳酸盐岩,近期揭示具有较好的油气勘探前景,但有关该套岩层的岩石学特征及其沉积环境研究需要进一步深入。论文以野外地质剖面和室内薄片鉴定为基础,对上扬子地台南缘早志留世埃隆期碳酸盐岩开展系统的岩石颗粒组分、岩石类型和沉积环境分析。发现早志留世埃隆期碳酸盐岩颗粒类型主要为生物碎屑,含少量内碎屑与鲕粒;根据曾允孚先生等的碳酸盐岩结构成因分类方案,该地区碳酸盐岩主要有7种类型:包括亮晶鲕粒灰岩、亮晶生物屑灰岩、珊瑚礁灰岩、亮晶砂屑灰岩、砂屑-生物屑微晶灰岩、微晶砂屑灰岩和微晶灰岩。根据岩石学特征和野外露头分析,认为在早志留世埃隆期研究区从早期到晚期沉积环境经历了碳酸盐缓坡到碳酸盐台地的转变,并发育了外缓坡、内缓坡、台地边缘斜坡、台地边缘滩、台地边缘生物礁、开阔台地等亚相。以三级层序为编图单元,揭示了礁滩沉积区域展布特征,生物礁滩体主要发育于SQ2层序,具有环带状展布的特征。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000600

Detailed studies on Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous carbonate rocks in central Hunan, southern China have led to the recognition of 25 lithofacies which can be grouped into:(1) inner ramp peritidal platform,(2) inner ramp organic bank and mound.(3) mid ramp,(4) outer ramp,and(5) shelf basin fades associations.The peritidal platform fades association dominates the Zimenqiao Formation (Namurian A or late Datangian) and is characterized by gypsum and dolostone-containing sequences, indicating a peritidal platform environment.The other four fades associations dominate the Menggongao Formation(late Famennian).Liujiatang Formation(Tournaisian or Yangruanian).Shidengzi Formations (early Visean or early Datangian).Five upward-shallowing cycles were distinguished in these three Formations.The predominant fades associations developed in each Formation demonstrate an overall transgression-regression cycle in the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous in central Hunan.The overall transgressive sequence was preserved in the Shaodong.Menggongao.and Liujiatang Formations,and the overall regressive sequence was preserved in the Liujiatang.Shidengzi.Ceshui and Zimenqiao Formations.     

Sedimentary facies and diagenetic features of the Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran

The Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation (middle part of the Khami Group), is one of the important reservoir rocks in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. The Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is located on the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and formed from collision between Eurasia and advancing Arabia during the Cenozoic. In this study area, the Fahliyan Formation with a thickness of 325 m, consists of carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite). This formation overlies the Late Jurassic Surmeh Formation unconformably and underlies the Early Cretaceous Gadvan Formation conformably at Gadvan Anticline. The formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis to clarify the depositional facies, sedimentary environments and diagenetic features in the Gadvan Anticline. Petrographic studies led to recognition of the 12 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open marine in mid-ramp environments. The absence of turbidite deposits, reefal facies, and gradual facies changes show that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on a carbonate ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. The diagenetic settings favored productioning a variety of features which include cements from early to late marine cements, micritization, dolomitization, compaction features, dissolution fabric, and pores. The diagenetic sequence can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) eugenic stage: marine diagenetic environment, (2) mesogenic stage: burial environment, and (3) telogenic stage: meteoric diagenetic environment.     

吉林南部通化二道江剖面新元古界万隆组臼齿构造及其沉积特征

吉林南部通化二道江剖面新元古界万隆组广泛发育缓坡碳酸盐岩沉积,其中发育的一种特殊的碳酸盐岩——臼齿碳酸盐岩,近年来引起了中国乃至世界各国地质学家的重视。通过对野外露头的详细观察和描述、室内薄片观察、扫描电镜、能谱分析等测试手段,揭示了二道江剖面万隆组的地层、岩石、臼齿构造(MT)及沉积岩相和沉积环境特征。臼齿构造是特指那些发育在前寒武纪细粒碳酸盐岩中有清晰边界、粒度在0·01mm左右的由等轴或多边形的微亮晶方解石组成的集合体,其形态可分为条带状构造、瘤状构造及棱角碎块状构造。臼齿构造的形成严格受沉积岩相和沉积环境的控制。万隆组由下而上可分为3段第1段下部为发育臼齿构造的纹层状泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩及风暴砾屑灰岩,为中—深缓坡沉积环境的产物;上部由浅缓坡相的泥灰岩、钙质页岩、砂屑灰岩与叠层石灰岩组成;第2段为厚层泥晶灰岩和粉屑泥晶灰岩、瘤状灰岩组成的深缓坡相沉积;第3段本剖面未出露。万隆组形成于缓坡沉积环境,其中浅缓坡相可分为4种岩相组合,中缓坡相可分为11种岩相组合,深缓坡相有6种岩相组合。