藏南冲巴雍错淡色花岗岩体热年代学及其对藏南拆离系和亚东裂谷构造活动时限的制约

藏南拆离系和亚东裂谷是藏南地区重要的伸展构造,与青藏高原的隆升和生长密切相关,其新生代以来的构造热-年代学研究,对探讨高原的生长过程和大陆变形动力学具有重要意义。本文对西藏南部亚东地区的冲巴雍错花岗岩进行了U-Pb定年和低温热年代学分析,结果表明,岩体自22Ma侵位后经历了5个不同的冷却阶段：18~15.6Ma期间岩体的冷却速率为125℃/Myr;15.6~11Ma期间,平均冷却速率约94℃/Myr;11~7Ma期间,平均冷却速率约24℃/Myr;7~3Ma平均冷却速率约5℃/Myr;3Ma以后平均冷却速率约为14℃/Myr。因岩体位于藏南拆离系内,又被亚东断层切过,认为藏南拆离系的活动时限为22~11Ma,亚东正断层的起始活动时间为11Ma,且热历史模拟结果显示岩体在~3Ma发生了快速冷却,可能指示了亚东裂谷的一次强烈活动。

     

辽东古元古代裂谷中硼矿床成矿年代学研究

通过对砖庙硼矿床、翁泉沟硼 (铁 )矿床及其东台子矿段矿石的3 0件样品的铅同位素组成的分析 ,获得三条理想等时线 ,年龄分别为190 2± 12 Ma、185 2± 9Ma、1917± 48Ma;对青城子矿田喜鹊沟矿段大理岩的铅同位素组成的分析 ,获得其 Pb-Pb等时线年龄 1844±2 7Ma。对翁泉沟硼 (     

纤维状方解石脉与构造流体研究

纤维状方解石脉作为同构造期流体活动产物,被认为是在超高压构造应力作用下形成的一种高压流体排泄的标型矿物,记录了构造变形过程中的流体特征。从基本概念出发,介绍了纤维状方解石脉和构造流体的基本特征、形成机理和环境条件等。以大巴山前陆构造发育的纤维状方解石脉为例,综述了纤维状方解石脉和构造流体的研究方法、思路、内容及其构造意义,强调了构造脉体在古应力场恢复和构造变化研究中的重要意义。     

藏南仲巴裂谷带地貌和断裂活动特征研究

仲巴裂谷位于藏南裂谷系的西侧,其断层发育、断错地貌清晰. 但目前,该断裂活动性研究尚属空白,制约了对整个藏南裂谷系变形机制的探索.基于GIS空间分析技术,利用数字高程模型数据系统提取该区的河流地貌参数,包括地形坡度、地形起伏度、河流陡峭指数和裂点等. 对该裂谷两侧36个流域盆地的地形参数结果进行统计和分析后发现:地形坡度与k_sn之间具有一致性,仲巴裂谷西侧北、中段坡度陡峭,k_sn值较高,南段支流中间部分陡峭,两端较缓,对应k_sn值中间高两端低;东侧坡度和k_sn分布呈现中段陡峭,两端变缓的特征. 河流纵剖面上表现出裂点上下陡峭系数的差异,东西两侧河流均在出水口处河段有最高河道陡峭系数,向上游段减小,总体上西侧河道陡峭系数大于东侧. 综合地形坡度、河流纵剖面及裂点分析结果,认为仲巴裂谷西侧断裂的构造活动性可能强于东侧.      

滇西维西-德钦-带花岗岩年代学、地球化学和岩石成因

金沙江弧盆体系消减与碰撞的确切时间存在较大的争议.运用LA-ICP-MS地质年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素方法研究金沙江缝合带周边的花岗岩体.贡卡花岗闪长岩(232Ma)和羊拉花岗闪长岩(229.6Ma)形成于印支期,羊拉二长花岗岩(261Ma)形成于海西-印支期.羊拉二长花岗岩地球化学特征类似O型埃达克岩,由大洋板片熔融与地幔楔交代(Mg#=55～61.8>40),且上升过程与岩浆房酸性岩浆混合,形成于俯冲消减环境;贡卡花岗闪长岩和羊拉花岗闪长岩可能由类似扬子地块的崇山群玄武质岩石和变质表壳岩部分熔融形成,产于碰撞后环境.金沙江缝合带从中二叠世末期-晚二叠世早期持续俯冲;碰撞阶段可能于晚二叠世末期开始,在中三叠世早期结束.     

塔吉克斯坦东杜奥巴金矿床岩脉矿体岩石学、地球化学及成矿年代学研究

东杜奥巴金矿床位于中亚造山带西南天山褶皱系的西端,区域内岩浆岩体总体呈北西-南东向展布,单个岩体呈岩枝或岩脉状产出。岩体的主要岩性为偏碱性-中酸性的二长岩、二长花岗岩、石英二长岩。其中,部分岩石为赋矿岩石,并对成矿有一定的控制作用。本次研究对6件岩浆岩进行了岩石学、全岩地球化学分析,并对其中4件样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析,厘定了成岩成矿时限和构造环境。样品为亚碱-高钾钙碱性的准铝质岩石,属二长岩-石英二长岩系列:SiO2含量变化范围为57.34%~64.13%,K2O含量为3.40%~4.65%,Na2O含量为3.29%~6.17%,全碱含量(ALK)为7.13%~9.57%,固结指数(SI)为10.42~19.95,分异指数(DI)为65.75~94.06,碱度率(A.R.)为2.2~3.78,里特曼指数(σ)为2.52~5.54。岩石稀土总量偏低,∑REE变化于60.93×10~(-6)~133.37×10~(-6)之间,轻重稀土分异明显,显示出右倾的球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线,HREE曲线相对平坦,其(La/Yb)N=5.45~22.53,(La/Sm)N=2.46~4.28,Nb/Ta值在5.02~8.29之间,并表现出大离子亲石元素K、Rb、U明显富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti相对亏损的特征,并且具有Hf、La和Ce的正异常以及Sr负异常。此外,岩石显示出壳型-壳幔型的主量元素特征,表明岩浆演化过程中可能有幔源物质的加入。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄值为284.8±2.1Ma(MSWD=2.2),表明东杜奥巴金矿岩脉矿体形成于早二叠世。结合区域地质背景,本文认为该矿床成矿作用发生于晚古生代活动陆缘半成熟的岛弧环境,且偏碱性-中酸性岩浆的产生对金矿的形成具有重要的意义。     

阿尔金西段榴辉岩岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究及其构造意义

阿尔金西段的榴辉岩呈透镜状产于角闪岩相为特征的长英质片麻岩和泥质片麻岩中,岩相学研究和反应结构显示它经历了峰期的榴辉岩相、减压过程中的高压麻粒岩相和角闪岩相变质作用。峰期榴辉岩相的变质条件为t=710～850℃,p>1.5GPa。在退变质早期,通过绿辉石分解成相对贫钠的单斜辉石及斜长石后成合晶,榴辉岩转变成高压麻粒岩,局部的平衡组合显示其t=700～800℃,p=1.1～1.4GPa。晚期的退变质作用使麻粒岩组合转变成由韭闪石、韭闪石质普通角闪石和斜长石所组成的角闪岩相平衡共生组合,其平衡变质条件为t=620～740℃,p=0.65～0.95GPa。榴辉岩的微量及稀土元素分析显示其原岩主要具有“T”型大洋玄武岩特征,少量具有堆晶岩性质。保存较好榴辉岩的全岩及Sm-Nd矿物等时线测定获得500±10Ma的年龄;其变质锆石的U-Pb年龄为503.9±5.3Ma,两者基本一致的年龄数据反映了榴辉岩的峰期变质时代,从而表明了阿尔金西段加里东期与深俯冲和陆-陆碰撞作用有关的山根的存在。通过与柴达木北缘存在的类似的榴辉岩的对比,估算出阿尔金断裂的左行位移为400km。     

博格达裂谷闭合和区域隆起的同位素年代学证据及地质意义

博格达造山带位于准噶尔和吐鲁番-哈密两个前寒武纪地块之间，是晚古生代的大陆裂谷。经研究，博格达大石头-色皮口地区的流纹岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄为307.1±1.3 Ma，表明博格达地区火山活动由早石炭世持续到晚石炭世。该年龄可视为博格达裂谷闭合和区域隆什之后造山阶段产物的形成年龄。该区流纹岩其源区物质主要来自于亏损地幔或是由玄武岩浆演化经分离结晶作用形成的流纹岩这一特征是十分罕见的。     

盆地流体年代学研究新技术:方解石激光原位U-Pb定年法

流体活动是沉积盆地内最活跃的地质营力,与盆地内油气的生成、运移和成藏关系密切,精确确定流体活动历史一直是具有挑战性和前沿性的研究方向.前期对流体活动历史的研究主要依附于流体包裹体分析,该方法很难完整恢复盆地经历的所有流体事件,更无法确定流体事件活动年代.方解石是盆地流体的直接产物,对其开展年代学研究可以准确揭示盆地流体活动历史,然而目前较为成熟的同位素稀释法方解石U-Pb等时线定年成功率较低、耗时较长.近些年研发成功的方解石激光原位U-Pb定年技术可以精确确定U含量低至10×10-9的方解石的年代,具有空间分辨率高、测试效率高的优势.该技术已成功确定多个含油气盆地流体活动历史,显示其在盆地流体研究领域具有光明的应用前景.在详细的微观鉴定和成岩观察基础上,选取不同期次的方解石样品开展方解石激光原位U-Pb定年分析,并结合C-O同位素、微量元素研究,查明盆地流体特征及其演化历史,将是未来盆地流体研究领域的重要发展方向.      

怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段全新世活动证据及其古地震记录

活动断裂带常是大地震的发震构造,并诱发地质灾害,产生黏滑位错和蠕滑变形,并形成断裂破碎带,进而对城市和工程安全直接造成威胁。因此,厘定活动断裂的空间几何展布、活动性对工程地质研究和防灾减灾具有重要的指导意义。通过遥感解译、错断地貌、槽探和14C测年,对怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段的发育分布特征与活动性进行了调查研究。结果表明：邦达断裂中段在1457±51 a BP/1598±47 a BP 发生过古地震事件,为引发中强地震的全新世活动断裂。断裂活动主要受控于川滇菱形块体的南向逃逸挤出和印度板块NEE向直接挤压作用,表现为走滑兼有逆冲分量的高角度活动断裂。该研究为了解怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段活动性和工程抗震设防提供了基础资料。     

藏南亚东地区前寒武纪亚东岩群的建立及其特征

藏南亚东地区前寒武纪结晶岩系以往统称为“聂拉木群”。本次研究发现该结晶岩系可划分为上、下两部分,二者之间原始接触关系为角度不整合。下部结晶岩系为本次新建的“亚东岩群”,其岩石组合为：下部为多种片麻岩夹少量细粒石英岩和黑云片岩;中部为多种混合岩;上部为多种片麻岩夹少量变粒岩、石英岩和片岩。不同部位的片麻岩和混合岩中含辉石岩、高压麻粒岩等“暗色”包体。研究表明,亚东岩群为角闪岩相─高角闪岩相变质作用的产物,经历了多期深部构造层次的韧性变形,与“聂拉木群”显著不同。因此,认为“聂拉木群”代表喜马拉雅地区全部“前寒武系”是值得商榷的。     

西藏南部绒布地区基性岩脉岩石地球化学、年代学特征及地质意义

绒布地区位于西藏南部特提斯喜马拉雅构造域中段北缘,夹持于北侧邛多江断裂和南侧的绒布-古堆断裂之间。该地区发育大量的基性岩脉。通过岩石学、年代学及岩石地球化学等方面的研究,认为区内出露的基性岩脉类型为辉绿玢岩、辉长辉绿岩及辉长岩等。辉绿玢岩结晶年龄为137. 3±1. 6Ma,具有E-MORB的特征,未遭受岩石圈地幔或地壳混染,主要形成于大洋板内环境,受洋中脊源区的影响明显。辉长辉绿岩、辉长岩结晶年龄为147. 3±3. 6Ma,与时代接近的拉康组、桑秀组基性火山岩具有相同OIB的地球化学特征,带有岩石圈地幔物质混染的痕迹,形成于强烈拉伸的大陆边缘裂谷环境。晚侏罗世-早白垩世特提斯喜马拉雅被动陆缘处于强烈拉伸、岩石圈减薄的构造背景之下,OIB型辉长辉绿岩及辉长岩与措美大火成岩省诸多OIB型基性岩具有相似岩石成因,是大陆裂谷背景下Kerguelen地幔柱与岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物;而E-MORB型辉绿玢岩则可能是靠近大陆边缘的热点以下地幔柱与软流圈地幔相互作用的产生的岩浆沿区域深大断裂运移至大陆边缘侵位的结果。OIB型辉长辉绿岩、辉长岩的结晶年龄明显早于Kerguelen地幔柱活动的峰期(132Ma),可能是地幔柱早期活动的产物; E-MORB型辉绿玢岩的存在可作为目前对于措美大火成岩省基性岩脉类型的补充,对认识措美大火成岩省具有一定的意义。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Grenvillian igneous suites in the northern Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico: tectonic implications

Chemical and U–Pb isotopic analyses of metaigneous rocks in the northern Oaxacan Complex in southern Mexico indicate that they form part of two granitic–gabbroic suites intruded at 1157–1130 and 1012 Ma, which were metamorphosed under granulite facies conditions between 1004 and 980 Ma. Although the older suite has both within-plate and arc geochemical signatures, the arc characteristics (enrichment of La and Ce relative to Nb, Ta, and Th) are inferred to result from crustal contamination, a conclusion consistent with their negative _Nd signatures. The younger suite is spatially associated with anorthosites (from which we were unable to acquire a protolith age), suggesting that collectively it forms part of anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite (AMCG) suites. The tholeiitic nature of the mafic rocks along with the within-plate character of the felsic rocks suggests that they were intruded during extension related to either farfield backarc rifting, rifting above a slab window, or anorogenic intercontinental rifting. Potentially correlative AMCG suites are widespread in Mexico, the Grenville Province of eastern Canada and northeastern USA, and the Andean massifs of Colombia, however, Pb isotopic data most closely resemble those in South America. These data are consistent with published hypotheses that suggest Oaxaquia represents an exotic terrane derived from Amazonia.     

The age of undeformed dacite intrusions within the Kolaka Fault zone,SE Sulawesi,Indonesia

We present petrologic, geochemical and U–Pb sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) data from previously undocumented dacite intrusions from the SE Arm of Sulawesi. The dacites occur in a strand of a major fault (the Kolaka Fault) that crosses the SE Arm of Sulawesi and northern Bone Bay. U–Pb SHRIMP dating shows the “Kolaka Dacite” yields zircon grains and overgrowths that range between ca. 4 and 7 Ma, indicating active magmatism in SE Sulawesi at this time. The youngest age population (4.4 ± 0.2 Ma) from this range is interpreted to be the maximum crystallization age for the dacite. The Kolaka Dacite is undeformed, and so potentially intruded during or after movement within a strand of the Kolaka Fault. The dacites may have otherwise been emplaced passively along existing foliation planes in the country rock schist. Additional U–Pb data were collected from inherited zircons, yielding ages between 8 Ma and 1854 Ma. We consider that these inherited zircons are xenocrysts, derived from either (1) a partially melted protolith and/or (2) xenocrysts assimilated during ascent of the magma. In either case, the inherited zircons record the age of the basement rocks beneath this part of SE Sulawesi. These inherited zircon cores show that the SE arm of Sulawesi is underlain by Proterozoic or younger material, validating earlier ideas that the crust here was derived from Gondwana.     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite,northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ~(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).     

西藏日喀则地区白朗蛇绿岩中石榴辉石岩的岩石地球化学、年代学及其构造意义

白朗石榴辉石岩位于西藏南部雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带上,地处于日喀则地区白朗县境内,因其具有重要的大地构造位置和意义,得到了国内外诸多学者关注。国内外学者对该岩体的研究有助于深入剖析雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的就位机制。本文以白朗石榴辉石岩为研究对象,其野外产出为构造岩块,围岩为没有变形特征的蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩,早白垩世昂仁组和紫红色硅质岩也没有构造变质现象,且石榴辉石岩与蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩间界限截然。通过对其进行岩石地球化学和年代学的研究,并结合大地构造动力学观点,认为西藏日喀则地区石榴辉石岩属钙碱性超基性岩,形成于无流体无水的稳定物理化学环境中,略亏损高场强元素Th、Ta、Nb等,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为149.0±3.1Ma,且锆石εHf(t)平均值为+17.7,说明原始岩浆主要源于亏损地幔,且没有发生岩浆混染。总结:本文确定白朗石榴辉石岩原始岩浆来源于上地幔,并且该岩石的形成与印度板块和欧亚板块俯冲有关,但在该岩石形成过程中印度板块和欧亚板块没有发生陆陆碰撞。     

怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段全新世活动证据及其古地震记录

活动断裂带常是大地震的发震构造,并诱发地质灾害,产生黏滑位错和蠕滑变形,并形成断裂破碎带,进而对城市和工程安全直接造成威胁。因此,厘定活动断裂的空间几何展布、活动性对工程地质研究和防灾减灾具有重要的指导意义。通过遥感解译、错断地貌、槽探和14C测年,对怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段的发育分布特征与活动性进行了调查研究。结果表明：邦达断裂中段在1457±51 a BP/1598±47 a BP 发生过古地震事件,为引发中强地震的全新世活动断裂。断裂活动主要受控于川滇菱形块体的南向逃逸挤出和印度板块NEE向直接挤压作用,表现为走滑兼有逆冲分量的高角度活动断裂。该研究为了解怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段活动性和工程抗震设防提供了基础资料。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Middle Devonian mafic dykes in the East Kunlun orogenic belt,Northern Tibet Plateau: Implications for the transition from Prototethys to Paleotethys orogeny

The tectonic transition from Prototethys to Paleotethys orogeny in the East Kunlun orogenic belt is not completely clear, and is a major unresolved geologic issue in Northern Tibet Plateau. Here, we present zircon geochronology, whole-rock elemental and zircon Hf isotopic geochemistry for newly discovered mafic dykes in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, to provide constraints on this issue. The studied mafic dykes are hornblende gabbros, consisting of hornblende (60–65 vol.%), plagioclase (15–25 vol.%) and augite and biotite (0–5 vol.%). LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating shows that these mafic dykes were emplaced at about 393 Ma. All the mafic dykes are characterized by high contents of CaO (8.82–11.48 wt.%), MgO (9.07–11.39 wt.%), V (275–336 ppm), Cr (370–467 ppm) and Ni (78.3–120 ppm), with high Mg# (63–67), flat CI-normalized REE distribution and depleted ?Hf(t) values (2.03–5.35), showing tholeiitic affinities and geochemical characteristics similar to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts. They were derived from low degree (about 5–15%) partial melting of a fertile spinel lherzolite source, which have been metasomatized by fluids introduced to the mantle by former subducted slab. The geologic–petrologic evidence suggests that the mafic dykes were emplaced in a shift tectonic setting related to continental rifting, which was caused by the extensional collapse related to the lithospheric thinning after the Prototethys orogeny. The delamination-induced thermal disturbance and extensional decompression triggered partial melting of the mantle and the emplacement of the mafic dykes. Combined with previous work, we propose that the Middle Devonian mafic dykes may be the early magmatic response to the transition from Prototethys to Paleotethys marking the opening of the Paleotethys in the East Kunlun orogenic belt.