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THE RESEARCH OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THE DEEP SEISMIC DATA AND THE SURFACE TECTONIC DEFORMATION
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WANG Lin ZHOU Qing-yun WANG Jun LI Wen-qiao ZHOU Lian-qing CHEN Han-lin SU Peng LIANG Peng 《地震地质》2016,38(2):458-476
The seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake has remained in suspensed until now. Several faults or tectonics, including basal slipping zone, unknown blind thrust fault and piedmont buried fault, etc, are all considered as the possible seismogenic structure. This paper tries to make some new insights into this unsolved problem. Firstly, based on the data collected from the dynamic seismic stations located on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault deployed by the Institute of Earthquake Science from 2008 to 2009 and the result of the aftershock relocation and the location of the known faults on the surface, we analyze and interpret the deep structures. Secondly, based on the terrace deformation across the main earthquake zone obtained from the dirrerential GPS meaturement of topography along the Qingyijiang River, combining with the geological interpretation of the high resolution remote sensing image and the regional geological data, we analyze the surface tectonic deformation. Furthermore, we combined the data of the deep structure and the surface deformation above to construct tectonic deformation model and research the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Preliminarily, we think that the deformation model of the Lushan earthquake is different from that of the northern thrust segment ruptured in the Wenchuan earthquake due to the dip angle of the fault plane. On the southern segment, the main deformation is the compression of the footwall due to the nearly vertical fault plane of the frontal fault, and the new active thrust faults formed in the footwall. While on the northern segment, the main deformation is the thrusting of the hanging wall due to the less steep fault plane of the central fault. An active anticline formed on the hanging wall of the new active thrust fault, and the terrace surface on this anticline have deformed evidently since the Quaterary, and the latest activity of this anticline caused the Lushan earthquake, so the newly formed active thrust fault is probably the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Huge displacement or tectonic deformation has been accumulated on the fault segment curved towards southeast from the Daxi country to the Taiping town during a long time, and the release of the strain and the tectonic movement all concentrate on this fault segment. The Lushan earthquake is just one event during the whole process of tectonic evolution, and the newly formed active thrust faults in the footwall may still cause similar earthquake in the future. 相似文献
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半地堑反转构造的砂箱实验模拟 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
设计了两组半地堑反转垢理想砂箱实验模型。实验结果表明,边界条件对半地堑反转构造形成特征有着十分明显的影响。刚性边界条件下,沿着边界断层可以产生一定的反转逆冲现象,反转逆冲的程度与边界断层的倾角大小有关,倾角越缓反转逆冲现象越显著,而在自由边界条件下,边界断层均无反转逆冲现象,只是发生倾角变陡现象。沿半地堑边界断层的反转逆冲作用十分有限,反转逆冲主要通过新生低角度逆冲断层得以实现,地堑内部断层通常不 相似文献
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The constraints of strain partitioning and geochronology in Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belts on Qinling orogenic belt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SONG ChuanZhong ZHANG GuoWei WANG YongSheng LI JiaHao CHEN ZeChao & CAI ZhiChuan School of Resources Environment Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):300-312
The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belt lies between the North China Block and Qinling Mountains, including the Luonan-Luanchuan
fault zone and the strong deformation zone to the north of the fault. The ductile shear zone, imbricate brittle fault and
duplex structure in the fault zone now are the expression of the same tectonic event in different depth. Such lineation structure
exists in the tectonic belts as mineral lineation, elongation lineation, crenulation lineation, sheath folds and so on, indicating
NE-directed plate motion. Fold axes and thrusts in the strong deformation zone are inclined to the Luonan-Luanchuan fault
zone at small angles. The structures with different natures show a regular pattern, produced during oblique convergence of
plates. The convergence factors are as follows: The direction of plate convergence is 22°, 31° and the angle between the plate
convergence direction and plate boundary is 73°, 82° respectively in the west and east segment. The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic
belt was deformed strongly in 372 Ma, resulted from Erlangping back-arc ocean basin subduction sinistrally and obliquely to
North China Block during the collision of North China Block and South China Block.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40372097 and 40772131) 相似文献
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2016年1月21日, 青海省门源县冷龙岭断裂带附近发生了MW5.9地震。 基于Sentinel-1A影像, 采用差分干涉雷达测量技术研究了此次地震产生的同震形变场, 结果表明, 门源地震的形变影响范围约20~30 km, 形变态势在升降轨道形变场均显示为隆升, 基本沿冷龙岭断裂呈近似同心圆展布, 推测可能是冷龙岭断裂与民乐—大马营断裂之间的一条逆断层, 沿雷达视线方向最大形变量级约为6 cm。 均匀滑动反演显示门源发震断层长7.3 km, 宽6.2 km, 走向298.6°, 倾角34.5°, 倾向宽度9.5 km, 沿走向滑动量为170 mm, 沿倾向滑动量为460 mm, 矩震级为MW5.97; 分布式滑动反演显示门源地震以逆冲为主, 兼具少量右旋走滑分量, 滑动量主要集中在沿断层倾向方向, 距离地表5~15 km处, 最大滑动量约0.3 m, 位于断层倾向深度10 km处, 矩震级为MW5.93。 相似文献
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The May 12, 2008 MS7.9 Wenchuan earthquake is ranked as one of the most devastating natural disasters ever occurred in modern Chinese history. The Longmenshan Fault(LMSF) zone is the seismogenic source structure, which consists of three sub-parallel faults, i.e., the Guanxian-Jiangyou Fault(GJF) in the frontal, the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault(YBF) in the central fault and the Wenchuan-Maowen Fault(WMF) in the back of the LMSF. In this study, geological survey and seismic profiles are used to constrain the faults geometry and medium parameters. Three visco-elastic finite element models of the LMSF with different main faults are established. From the phase of interseismic stress accumulation to coseismic stress release and postseismic adjustment, the Wenchuan earthquake is simulated using Continuous-Discrete Element Method(CDEM). Modeling results show that before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the GJF becomes unstable due to the interaction between its unique fault geometry and the tectonic stress loading. In the fault geometry model, the GJF is the most gently dipped fault among the three faults, which in return makes it having the smallest normal stress and the greatest shear stress. The continuous shear stress loading finally meets the fault failure criteria and the Wenchuan earthquake starts to initiate on the GJF at the depth of 15~20km. The earthquake rupture then propagated to the YBF. At the same time, due to the GJF and YBF rupture, the interseismic stress accumulation has been greatly reduced, causing the WMF failed to rupture. Although the stress accumulation in the WMF has been reduced significantly after the earthquake, yet it has not been released completely, which means that the WMF likely has with high seismic risk after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We also find that the stress perturbation caused by gently dipping segment of the fault can promote the passive rupture in the steeply dipping segment, making the upper limit of dip angles larger than traditional assumption. 相似文献
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搜集了盈江及其邻区5组地震序列震源机制解并反演得到该区域的构造应力场。研究结果显示:盈江地区整体主压应力以NNE向为主,主张应力以ESE向为主;但其局部应力场不完全一致,沿苏典断裂分布的主压应力轴走向随着断裂走向由北向南延伸角度逐渐向北偏移,而盈江地区的西南部,其主压应力走向更偏向于东,这可能与大盈江断裂的横向拉伸有关。此外,本研究通过应力场反演识别出了5组地震序列震源机制解的主发震断层节面的走向、倾角、滑动角及发震断层的摩擦系数,为今后该区域的地震研究及地壳动力学变迁提供了参考。 相似文献
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Onur Tan Eleftheria E. Papadimitriou Zumer Pabucçu Vassilis Karakostas Ahmet Yörük Kostas Leptokaropoulos 《Acta Geophysica》2014,62(6):1283-1309
A detailed investigation of microseismicity and fault plane solutions are used to determine the current tectonic activity of the prominent zone of seismicity near Samos Island and Kusadasi Bay. The activation of fault populations in this complex strike-slip and normal faulting system was investigated by using several thousand accurate earthquake locations obtained by applying a double-difference location method and waveform cross-correlation, appropriate for areas with relatively small seismogenic structures. The fault plane solutions, determined by both moment tensor waveform inversions and P-wave first motion polarities, reveal a clear NS trending extension direction, for strike slip, oblique normal and normal faults. The geometry of each segment is quite simple and indicates planar dislocations gently dipping with an average dip of 40–45°, maintaining a constant dip through the entire seismogenic layer, down to 15 km depth. 相似文献
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2003年7月7日发生在西藏与青海交界处的班戈MS6.1地震, 由于缺乏余震分布等可靠资料, 其发震构造及其活动性质等问题一直认识不清。 几家机构利用远场波动资料给出的震源机制解差异很大。 本文利用ENVISAT卫星ASAR数据和D-InSAR技术, 计算获得了该地震LOS方向的同震形变场图像, 并以此为约束反演获得了该地震的断层几何参数和同震滑动分布。 结果表明, 班戈MS6.1地震的发震构造为控制唐古拉山西边界的波涛湖—土门断裂, 其发震断层为走向161°的高角度右旋斜滑正断层, 破裂长度约10 km, 滑动量主要集中在3~7 km深度范围, 最大滑动量0.26 m, 矩震级MW5.6。 相似文献
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Yongge Wan Zheng-kang Shen Min Wang Yuehua Zeng Jichao Huang Xiang Li Huawei Cui Xiwei Gao 《地震科学(英文版)》2015,28(3):187-195
We analyze co-seismic displacement field of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra–Andaman earthquake derived from Global Position System observations,geological vertical measurement of coral head, and pivot line observed through remote sensing. Using the co-seismic displacement field and AK135 spherical layered Earth model, we invert co-seismic slip distribution along the seismic fault. We also search the best fault geometry model to fit the observed data. Assuming that the dip angle linearly increases in downward direction, the postfit residual variation of the inversed geometry model with dip angles linearly changing along fault strike are plotted. The geometry model with local minimum misfits is the one with dip angle linearly increasing along strike from 4.3oin top southernmost patch to 4.5oin top northernmost path and dip angle linearly increased. By using the fault shape and geodetic co-seismic data, we estimate the slip distribution on the curved fault. Our result shows that the earthquake ruptured *200-km width down to a depth of about 60 km.0.5–12.5 m of thrust slip is resolved with the largest slip centered around the central section of the rupture zone78N–108N in latitude. The estimated seismic moment is8.2 9 1022 N m, which is larger than estimation from the centroid moment magnitude(4.0 9 1022 N m), and smaller than estimation from normal-mode oscillation data modeling(1.0 9 1023 N m). 相似文献
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文章在分析滇西北发震构造条件的基础上,把它与鲜水河断裂带进行了对比。滇西北是一个伸展构造区,鲜水河断裂带为一平移剪切带。后者较前者断层面上正应力大、变形强烈、应变速率高。前者断层几何复杂,D?=1.56,后者断层几何简单,D?=1.08-1.2。震源深处变形环境前者者为低压中温,后为高压中温。由此造成地震活动性上的差异 相似文献
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Maria Sachpazi Mireille Laigle Nikos Roussos 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):243-257
Continental extension is forming the Gulf of Corinth across the strike of earlier Alpine evolution. Here, we present the first deep reflection sections with pre-stack depth-migration processing across the deep basin of the Corinth active rift, which image structures unpredicted by current models. Resolving the infill as a pile of layers that are broken by faults allows one to follow their subsidence and deformation history. Variation among the profiles suggests that southern normal faults control the rift in a time progression from the east towards its western tip. On the central, Derveni-Itea transect, a 3-km widening of the basin accrued since the initiation of this control that is marked by an unconformity between the two main sedimentary units. This is estimated to have occurred 0.5-0.6 Myr ago, assuming the glacio-eustatic sea-level changes have controlled the stratigraphy of sediments deposited as a succession of layers on the subsiding hangingwall, as they did on the southern footwall in forming the famous flight of marine terraces of Corinth. A roll-over anticline and crestal collapse graben are diagnostic of the control by a normal fault of dip varying with depth. The deeper low-angle part of this bi-planar fault is indeed imaged as a reflector in the basement. The occurrence of the collapse with a breakaway at the steep southern basin-bounding fault of the hangingwall slab can be estimated 0.12-0.2 Myr ago, with a marked increase in extension rate that brought it to its present fastest value over 10 mm/yr. The low-angle part of the active fault might also have controlled earlier evolution upslope and in the basin. When compared with inferences from earthquake studies, this low-angle active fault may not appear to be seismogenic but may participate to the seismic cycle, possibly in a conditionally stable regime. Active faults seen as sea-bottom scarps merely accommodate deformation of its subsiding hangingwall. The footwall of the low-angle faults, which current seismicity shows to be in extension, appears then as being pulled out from beneath the rift, in a motion towards the rolling-back slab that causes the Hellenic subduction retreat. 相似文献
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帕米尔高原位于地中海-喜马拉雅地震带上,晚新生代以来随着印度板块向欧亚板块持续不断地挤压汇聚,其构造运动是欧亚大陆最强烈的地区。高原腹地发育一系列近SN向正断层,包括近SN向的塔什库尔干正断层所处的帕米尔中部现代区域的构造应力场以EW向水平拉张为主。2016年11月25日发生的阿克陶MS 6.7级地震的发震构造为塔什库尔干断层分支的NWW向木吉盆地北缘断层,其具有右旋走滑兼正断性质。地震在震中附近产生同震地表形变带,全长约1km,呈近SN-NNE向水平拉伸,发育近EW—NWW向的张裂缝,为地震破裂的产物,张裂缝的最大水平拉伸位移量和最大垂直位移量分别为46cm和16cm。地表破裂带中的NE和NW向张剪裂缝只是连接贯通这些雁列的张裂缝,其水平相对位移量取决于张裂缝的水平拉伸量和张裂缝之间的几何关系。地表形变带表现的拉张性质与帕米尔高原腹地区域现代应力场最大主压应力为垂直向基本一致,可能与深部热物质上涌造成的上地壳拉伸有关。而地表形变带呈近SN向水平拉张,与区域近EW向拉张应力场之间存在显著差异,这可能是木吉盆地北缘右旋走滑正断层阶区局部应力场调整的结果。 相似文献
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地震断裂带形状是活动构造和地球动力学的重要资料。2021年发生的玛多地震序列提供了丰富的震源机制资料,为统计震源机制节面并估计玛多地震发震断层面形状提供了很好机会。文章对地震的震源机制资料进行基于密度的聚类来确定断层的几何形态。首先对收集到的玛多地震序列的震源机制解进行中心解求解,从而获得更为精准的数据,然后对其进行DBSCAN方法的聚类分析,得到断层的走向为113.5°,倾角为88.2°,通过震源机制反演应力场,并将应力场投影到断层上,得到断裂带的相对剪应力和相对正应力分别为0.84和-0.79,剪应力强度较大,滑动角为-0.72°。结果表明玛多地震是发震断裂受NE-SW的挤压和NW-SE的拉张,形成了较大的剪切力,从而促使近东西的江错断裂发生左旋走滑错动所致。 相似文献
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Andrea Billi Valerio Acocella Renato Funiciello Guido Giordano Gianni Lanzafame Marco Neri 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,122(3-4):281-294
During the July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna development of extensional fractures/faults and grabens accompanied magma intrusion and subsequent volcanic activity. During the first days of the eruption, we performed an analysis of attitude, displacement and propagation of fractures and faults exposed on the ground surface in two sites, Torre del Filosofo and Valle del Leone, located along the same fracture system in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Fractures and faults formed as the consequence of a shallow intruding dyke system that fed the several volcanic centres developed along the fracture system. The investigated sites differ in slope attitude and in geometrical relationships between fractures and slopes. In particular, the fracture system propagated parallel to the gentle slope (<7° dip) in the Torre del Filosofo area, and perpendicular to the steep slope (25° dip) in the Valle del Leone area. In the Torre del Filosofo area, slight graben subsidence and horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 3 m were recorded. In the Valle del Leone area, extensional faulting forming a larger and deeper graben with horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 10 m was recorded. For the Valle del Leone area, we assessed a downhill dip of 14° for the graben master fault at the structural level beneath the graben where the fault dip shallows. These results suggest that dyke intrusion at Mount Etna, and particularly in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression, may be at the origin of slope failure and subsequent slumps where boundary conditions, i.e. geometry of dyke, slope dip and initial shear stress, amongst others, favour incipient failures. 相似文献
17.
GUAN Shuwei WANG Xin YANG Shufeng HE Dengfa & ZHAO Weidong . Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development Beijing China . Department of Geosciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China . Tarim Oilfield Company Korla China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)
The concept of displacement transfer[1] was initially utilized by Dahlstrom (1970) to explain the relation- ships of overlapping thrusts in the Canadian Rockies wherein the displacement on one thrust is transferred to another, but the total displacement is still held con- stant along trend. Displacement transfer, which may exist in compressional[2] as well as tensile environ-ments[3], is a familiar kinematic mechanism that keeps the magnitude of deformation steady along trend in the linear str… 相似文献
18.
Surface wave dispersion curves from microearthquakes are used to obtain group velocity dispersion maps. The calculation of the local dispersion curves for each grid point from these maps then produces the input data to retrieve the 3D shear wave velocity model of the Tehran region. The group velocity maps indicate that the tomographic results agree well with the three main tectonic features and the geological units in the study area. The tomographic maps generally possess high-velocity structures across most of the mountain belts (Central Alborz and east-southeast mountains), whereas the Tehran Basin correlates to a low-velocity structure. Increasing the period in the study area highlights four independent low-velocity zones that reflect faults and fault junction systems. The shear wave velocity profiles indicate that the depth to bedrock exhibits southward variation ranging from ~?300 m to ~?1500 m. We also focus our analysis on the existence of faults within the shear wave profiles and discuss the low shear wave velocity anomalies deeper than 2 km result from the main fault structures (e.g., North Tehran, North-South Rey and Parchin). Furthermore, we argue that the dip angle of the North Tehran fault varies along fault strike, whereas the North-South Rey fault possesses a constant dip angle. Moreover, initial model uncertainties and checkerboard resolution tests are used to identify reliable and robust anomaly features in the 3D shear wave velocity model and 2D tomographic maps, respectively. Microearthquake analysis provides an effective approach for studying the upper crustal structure heterogeneity, especially the fault structure, of the Tehran region. 相似文献
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四川盆地荣县—威远—资中地区属于历史弱震区,然而2019年相继发生多次破坏性地震事件.本文基于四川区域地震台网宽频带地震仪记录波形资料,利用CAP(Cut and Paste)波形反演方法,获得了2016年以来发生在荣县—威远—资中地区的26个MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解、震源矩心深度和矩震级,对该区域发震构造几何结构与变形特征及构造应力场特征进行了初步分析.主要获得如下认识:(1)26个MS≥3.0地震的震源矩心深度在1.5~5 km之间,平均深度3.4 km,表明事件发生在上地壳浅部沉积层内;震源深度分布揭示发震断层面倾向SE、缓倾角.(2)26个地震的震源机制全部为逆冲型,表明发震构造整体为逆断层性质.节面优势方位NNE-NE,结合走向与倾角统计结果,本文推测发震构造可能为威远背斜南翼一系列倾向SE、走向NNE-NE的缓倾角盲冲断层.(3)P、T、B轴优势方位单一,表明研究区域处于相对简单的构造应力环境.区域应力场反演获得的最大主压应力轴σ1方位NW-SE,近水平,与目前已知的该区域构造应力场水平主压应力方向一致,反映区内构造活动主要受区域构造应力场控制;其明显有别于四川盆地南缘2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震余震区NE-SW向的最大主压应力轴方位也揭示出四川盆地构造应力场具有明显的分区特征.(4)26个地震整体的应变花表现为NW-SE向挤压白瓣形态,表明区内发震构造整体呈NW-SE向纯挤压变形模式,明显有别于2019年长宁MS6.0地震序列NE-SW向挤压兼具小量NW-SE向拉张分量的构造变形模式,进一步表明四川盆地构造变形模式也具有明显的分区特征.
相似文献20.
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