一保存精美而细腻的中生代蝾螈化石新种:中国瓦尔多螈

世界各地中生代有尾两栖类(蝾螈)化石十分稀少,且材料零星而破碎(Estes,1981;董枝明等,1998;Gao et a/,2001).当前国内外共报道中生代蝾螈化石7种,其中我国4种[1-4],国外3种[5-7].本文报道的蝾螈化石为一相关节的骨架印痕,其保存之精美细腻为国内报道的同类标本所不及.经与已知属种对比,该标本与产于西班牙早自垩世的瓦尔多螈(Voldotriton)属征(属型种为V. gracilis)基本一致,但又存在一定差异,故将其命名为中国瓦尔多螈(Voldontriton sinensis).     

华北燕辽地区中侏罗世菊科植物

菊科(Asteraceae)被认为是发展程度最高的有花植物类群,分为管状花亚科与舌状花亚科,约有1000属,25000至30000种,遍布于世界各大陆。已知化石多为瘦果(菊果,Cypsela),见于欧洲、美洲第三纪中、后期地层。Becker(1969)曾报道过一个菊科头状花序化石Viguiera cronquistii,产自美国Montana州渐新世—中新世沉积,但有争议(Crepet and Stuessy,1978)。已知文献中,尚未见有关菊科果序化石的报道。中国的菊科植物约200多属,2000多种。但以往中国没有任何地质时代的菊科化石记     

一保存精美而细腻的中生代蝾螈化石新种:中国瓦尔多螈

世界各地中生代有尾两栖类（蝾螈）化石十分稀少，且材料零星而破碎（Ｅｓｔｅｓ，１９８１；董枝明等，１９９８；Ｇａｏ ｅｔ ａｌ，２００１）。当前国内外共报道中生代蝾螈化石７种，其中我国４种［１～４］，国外３种［５７］。本文报道的蝾螈化石为一相关节的骨架印痕，其保存之精美细腻为国内报道的同类标本所不及。经与已知属种对比，该标本与产于西班牙旱白垩世的瓦尔多螈（Ｖｏｌｄｏｔｒｉｔｏｎ） 属征（属型种为Ｖ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ）基本一致，但又存在一定差异，故将其命名为中国瓦尔多螈（Ｖｏｌｄｏｎｔｒｉｔｏｎｓｉｎ…     

拟刺葵（苦戈维尔叶）亚属Phoenicopsis（Culgoweria）在内蒙古鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统的发现

大量茨康类压型化石在鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗世含煤地层延安组中被发现。本文根据叶外部形态和表皮构造特征,首次发现拟刺葵属的苦戈维尔叶亚属Phoenicopsis （ Culgoweria）,并建立了鄂尔多斯拟刺葵（苦戈维尔叶）（新种） Phoenicopsis （ Culgowaria） ordosensis sp.nov。新种代表了该亚属在我国中侏罗世的第一个化石记录,为研究其地质、地理分布提供了新的证据,也为研究该类植物在欧亚大陆中侏罗世的多样性增添了新内容。     

辽南震旦系兴民村组发现后生动物化石

1986年我们首次在辽南发现类水母化石和藻类化石,并在大林子组浸泡出小壳动物化石。这一发现对辽南地区寒武系/震旦系界线的确定提供了古生物学依据,同时丰富了该区古生物学内容。类水母化石在兴民村组中段页岩层极其发育,初步鉴定主要种属有:多环辽南水母(新属、新种)Liaonanella Multicyclica Liu et Yang(gen.et sP.nov.),平盘辽南水母(新属、新种)L.Planodisciformis Liu et Yang(gen.etsP.now.),环带金县水母(新属、新种)Jinxianella Zonata Liu et Yang(gen.et sP.nov.),甘井子金县水母J.ganjingziensis Liu et Yang(gen.etsP.nov.),棋盘磨大连水母(新属、新种)Dalianiaqipanmoensis Liu et Yang(gen.et sp.nov.)。宏观藻类化石主要产在葛屯组的页岩层中,化石是:chuaria circularis Walcott,Tawuiadalensis Hofmann。关于这次发现的蠕虫化石、可疑小壳动物化石等正在研究中。     

全国古生物化石保护工程研究

古生物化石是确定地质时代、研究古生态环境以及探索地球演化的重要材料。我国古生物化石资源丰富,一些重要的化石和化石产地是我国乃至世界宝贵的自然遗产。全国古生物化石保护工程研究在充分研究全国古生物化石典型产地资料的基础上,对全国17个古生物化石典型产地的化石属种、保护的重要意义、自然地理、地形地质条件以及保护现状进行详细的总结论述。同时通过对全国73家与古生物化石相关的博物馆的现场调查,摸清了各省拥有和建设古生物化石博物馆的基本情况。根据野外调研和综合分析,对我国古生物化石保护工程类型进行了划分。认为我国现行的古生物化石保护工程可分为化石产地保护工程和化石标本保护工程两大类。分析论述了水、冻融、风化、地形地质条件对化石产地保护工程的影响,以及温度、湿度等对古生物化石标本保护工程的影响;在此基础上提出了我国进行古生物化石重点保护工程的规划部署建议。     

黔南惠水摆金早石炭世异珊瑚

贵州早石炭世异珊瑚化石,目前仅见报导产于黔西威宁一属种。我们于1981年夏在黔南惠水摆金地区发现了两个异珊瑚化石,一个定为新种Hexahpyllia baijinensis sp.nvo.,另一个为Hexaphyllia sp.,暂未定种名,两个化石保存在一块灰岩上,采自下石炭统大塘组上司段。在这块灰岩上还有皱纹珊瑚、有孔虫等类化石。该新种与本属其他种不同点:林径微小,隔壁加厚明显;体腔呈花朵状。     

桂西南晚泥盆世—早石炭世含锰地层的牙形刺

本文首次报道了下雷一带泥盆世至早石炭世含锰地层的牙形刺21个属,45个种和2个未定新种,这些牙形刺可以分为七个化石带。通过对牙形刺化石的研究进一步明确了该区锰矿主要形成于两个时期:即具有重要工作价值的主要锰矿层形成于晚泥盆世晚期,另一个层位形成于晚泥盆世早期,本文还对该区沉积相与牙形刺生物相之间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

瓮安生物群与宽川铺生物群中球形类化石研究

通过对获自瓮安生物群与宽川铺生物群中大量球形类化石的系统研究，建立了便于交流和深入讨论的球形类化石形态分类方案，对各种类型的球形类化石进行了属性探讨，并按形态属描述球形类化石4个新类型(相当于形态属)，8个新种类(相当于形态种)。研究表明球形类化石是一个多源的非正式生物类群，包括动物性和植物性球形类化石。具有丰富的研究内涵，对揭示早期生物的起源、演化、多样性及胚胎发育具有深远意义。     

河南省恐龙蛋化石的初步研究

河南省恐龙蛋化石比较丰富,为我国的重要产地。已发现4科、8属、12种。恐龙蛋是陆相上白垩统的最主要化石之一。本文初步讨论了蛋化石的时代与层位以及上、下白垩统及其与下第三系之间的接触关系,并据蛋化石的结构特点,结合微体动物、植物化石,论述了白垩纪由温暖潮湿逐渐转变为炎热干燥的古气候。     

First record of Paraonella platybranchia （Hartman, 1961） （Polychaeta： Paraonidae） from the Yellow Sea

This paper reports for the first time a species of polychaetous family Paraonidae, Paraonella platybranchia (Hartman, 1961), a rare species found previously only in the coast near the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and it was recently discovered in the samples collected in 1982 from Chinese side of the Yellow Sea. This is the first record of the species in China as well as in the Northwest Pacific.     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

Microtopography driven plant species composition in alpine region: a fine-scale study from Southern Norway

This study explores the relationship between the species composition of lichen and vascular plant species with microtopography at fine scale. We conducted our study in Hardengervidda National Park, Norway. Specifically, we aim to test whether the species richness of different plant lifeforms peaks at middle of the microtopography gradient, and then explain the observed patterns with an aid of snow cover gradient along microtopography and snow cover. We sampled 69 species of vascular plants and lichens in 151 plots of 4 m~2 along 23 transects during summer on Tronsbu, Sandhaug and Besso. Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) was performed to explore how microtopographical gradient was related to the variation in the species composition. One-way ANOVA was performed to test the microtopographic variability in species richness.Afterwards, generalized linear model(GLM) was used to reveal species richness patterns along the snow cover gradient. The first axis in DCA represents the complex gradient from snow free ridge to wet snowbed habitats and the second axis represents a gradient from acidic to calcareous sites. Lichen's species richness is greater in ridge than in snowbeds, while all other life forms follow the opposite trend. Species richness for total plant species, vascular plant species and herbaceous plant species increased with increase in weighted average snow indicator value(WASI), whilst species richness for lichen species declined substantially towards the maximum WASI value. In contrast, species richness for dwarf shrub species showed a unimodal relationship with WASI. This study shows that liquid water availability provides a good potential explanation for species composition and richness in mountains, which is controlled by snow cover and prevalent wind direction.     

First record of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paraonella platybranchia</Emphasis> (Hartman, 1961) (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) from the Yellow Sea

This paper reports for the first time a species of polychaetous family Paraonidae, Paraonella platybranchia (Hartman, 1961), a rare species found previously only in the coast near the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and it was recently discovered in the samples collected in 1982 from Chinese side of the Yellow Sea. This is the first record of the species in China as well as in the Northwest Pacific. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. O72715)     

湛江港附近海域赤潮生物的种类调查

以光学显微镜对在湛江港附近海域采集的浮游生物进行观察,初步鉴定出赤潮生物——— 硅藻31种、甲藻10种、蓝藻1种,简要介绍了几种主要的赤潮生物的习性、分布和形成赤潮后对渔 业生产造成的损失。     

越南沿海的双壳纲软体动物

报道了越南沿海的双壳纲软体动物 32 0种 ,隶属 3亚纲、6目、2 6总科、4 1科、1 4 8属。从种类的组成中 ,帘蛤科有 5 7种 ,蚶科 32种 ,樱蛤科 2 9种 ,贻贝科 2 5种 ,鸟蛤科 1 6种 ,牡蛎科 1 4种 ,蛤蜊科 1 3种 ,珍珠贝科和扇贝科各 1 2种 ,紫云蛤科 1 1种 ,竹蛏科 1 0种 ,其他各科的种类均在 7种以内。按种的性质而论 ,越南沿海主要是由热带种和亚热带种类组成 ,还有与珊瑚礁紧密联系的热带种。就越南沿海双壳纲软体动物分类区系而论 ,应属印度—西太平洋区的印尼—马来亚区。     

飞云江、鳌江流域的淡水贝类

报告了 １９８４ 年在飞云江、鳌江流域淡水贝类的调查结果。标本经鉴定有 ４９ 种（含未定种 ５种）,其中腹足纲３２ 种（含未定种２ 种）,瓣鳃纲１７ 种（含未定种 ３ 种）。分析了该流域的常见种和偶见种,广生种和狭生种。探讨了该流域淡水贝类的分布区划和经济意义。     

Plant community composition and interspecific relationships among dominant species on a post-seismic landslide in Hongchun Gully,China

The 5.12 Earthquake in 2008 and 8.14 Debris Flow in 2010 resulted in large-scale landslides that disturbed vast areas of vegetation in the Hongchun Gully, Wenchuan County, China. To define the specific characteristics of vegetation restoration during natural recovery after catastrophic events,vegetation species composition and interspecific associations were investigated on this typical landslide. Field survey data selected from a total of 51 sample plots belonged to seven belt transects and were analysed by Schluter's variance ratio, pearson's chi-squared test, Spearman's correlation coefficients and ecological species groups. Plant communities on the landslide consisted of 78 species, 65 genera and52 families. Of the total of 78 species, 25 are identified as dominant species, among which Camptotheca acuminate, Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Coriaria nepalensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Buddleja alternifolia, Anemone vitifolia and Nephrolepis auriculata play a constructive role during the natural afforestation. Moreover, according to environmental and ecological factors, these 25 dominant species could be divided into four ecological species groups.This study found that even though the landslide had frequently suffered from interference due to heavy rain, the vegetation succession processes are ongoing,and it is now at a shrub–herb community succession stage, which indicates that vegetation can naturally recover in the denuded sites. This study provides a useful insight into the ecological interactions and interdependence between plant species during the natural recovery of vegetation and provides valuable information on vegetation recovery modelling in the landslide area.     

Identifying indigenous tree species for land reforestation,forest restoration,and plantation transformation on Hainan Island,China

Selecting suitable species is the most important issue for bare land reforestation, degraded secondary forest restoration, and single-species plantation transformation. However, little information has been documented related to tree species selection for these silvicultural endeavors on tropical Hainan Island of Southern China. The present study employed Baisha County, the ecological core area of Hainan Island, as a case study area. We initially inventoried a slightly disturbed primary forest and attempted to produce diameter distribution curves for each tree species. Second, the tree species were classified into shade intolerant, opportunist, and shade tolerant species based on shape of their diameter distribution curves. Third, market value was determined for each tree species based on published literature and on-site investigations at local wood trading companies. Totally 118 tree species were encountered in the inventoried forest and 13 tree species present were finally identified as potential tree species for our silvicultural endeavor on Hainan Island, of which 3 species are shade intolerant, 5 species are opportunist and 5 species are shade tolerant. Additionally, we also selected 12 tree species that were not in the inventoried forest but were extremely economically valuable and ecologically important. This study should contribute to the formulation of a sustainable forest management strategy on Hainan Island and the methodology might be replicated in other tropical region where suitable species also need to be identified for silvicultural endeavor.