关于Schur多项式的不可约性

设m、n是正整数a1,a2,…,an是不同的奇数。本文证明了,当m＞1且n是2的方幂时Schur多项式f(x）=（x-a1）2m（x-a2)2m(x-an)2m+1在有理数域Q上是不可约的,该结果部分地解决了Schur猜想问题。     

Fermat猜想的两个等价命题

对每个奇素数p,我们提出了关于p的两个命题:(I)不存在正整数m和n,使代数曲线f(y)=y~3-(2m+1)y-2n的三个零点同时为p方有理整数;(I)不存在正整数m,使不定方程x~2+3y~2=4(2m+1)具有三组正整数解x_i,y_i(i=1,2,3),满足x_1=x_2+x_3,x_1~2+x_2~2+x_3~2=6(2m+1)。本文旨在证明(I)及(I)都与关于素数p的Fermat猜想等价。     

温度、盐度、pH和体质量对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼窒息点的影响

利用实验生态学的方法研究不同温度(15、20、25、30和35℃)、盐度(0、5、10、15和20)、pH(5、6、7、8和9)和体质量(1.93±0.08、3.43±0.12、7.95±0.34、11.74±0.41和15.84±0.61 g)对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼窒息点的影响,并建立温度、盐度、pH、体质量与罗非鱼窒息点间的回归方程。结果表明:温度t、盐度S、pH和体质量m对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼窒息点有显著影响(P<0.05)。当温度、盐度、pH和体质量分别为25.28℃、3.6、8.06、6.3 g时,窒息点(DAP)最低,回归方程为DAP=0.000 9 t 2-0.045 5 t+0.726 6(R2=0.952 1),DAP=-0.000 1 S 3+0.004 2 S 2-0.023 9 S+0.111 9(R2=0.922 8),DAP=0.009 3 pH2-0.149 9 pH+0.7174(R2=0.976 8);DAP=-0.000 3 m3+0.011 1 m2-0.104 3 m+0.362 8(R2=0.948 4)。在溶氧不足情况下,温度25.28℃、盐度3.6、pH 8.06的环境条件有助于提高幼鱼耐低氧能力。     

多变量分位数回归构建印度洋大眼金枪鱼栖息地指数

以0～300m水层加权平均水温、50～150m水层的温差和氧差及其交互变量为影响因子,运用分位数回归法,寻找出环境变量与大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)延绳钓钓获率的最佳上界分位数回归方程,计算出栖息地指数(HSI),并应用地理信息系统(GIS)软件绘制各月HSI空间分布图。研究表明:大眼金枪鱼延绳钓钓获率(HR)依加权平均水温(x)、温差(y)、氧差(z)与的最佳上界分位数回归方程为HR0.70=-15.596+2.124x-0.003x3+0.033xyz-0.036y2z+0.107yz2-0.337z3;HSI空间分布为:16°S—10°N印度洋海域HSI高于0.7,HSI>0.8的海域随季节发生显著变化,马达加斯加外海至100°E、16°S—26°S海域常年存在一片HSI<0.4的区域,26°S—40°S海域的HSI介于0.4～0.5,40°S以南海域HSI<0.4,东非外海季节性地出现一片HSI<0.6的海域。利用多个环境变量的栖息地指数模型来预测分析大洋金枪鱼资源分布效果较好。     

Directional Spectrum of Wind Waves: Part Ⅱ- Comparison and Confirmation

1　Introduction1.1　Proposed ModelonDirectionalFrequencySpec trum　ThisisthePartⅡofthetwo papersetondirection alspectraofwindwaves.Anewmodelonthedirec tionalspectrumofwindwavesfordeepwaterispro posedbasedonthestatisticsofwindwavesinthePartⅠ .Substituting (4 5 )ofPartⅠinto (4 0 )andaddingapeak enhancementitemγΓ,weobtainS(ω ,) =0 .0 0 93αaαwD( ,k) ωpω2 ξ- 4g2ω5×exp - 2 ξ+14[bωp +(1-b)ωp]4ω4 γΓ. (1)Here ,αaisthewaveagefactorofspectralcoefficientdefinedbyαa = ω0 .55…     

石榴石中金红石出溶机制探讨

文献中已有超高压条件下形成的石榴石有金红石出溶的报道,但其出溶的机制还未被研究.单斜辉石中的Eskola辉石组分M0.5AlSi2O6与一般辉石组分M2Si2O6在超高压条件下一道进入石榴石,将在石榴石中出现SiⅥ+0.5□Ⅷ=AlⅥ+0.5MⅧ偶合置换,产生偏离化学计量的、超硅和亏铝的石榴石端元组分M2.5(AlSi)Si3O12.由于石榴石中Ti+4对Si+4的部分替代,这种偶合置换的形式实际为(Si,Ti)Ⅵ+0.5□Ⅷ=AlⅥ+0.5MⅧ,它是理解石榴石中出溶金红石的关键.这种偶合置换的消失,将导致金红石的出溶M3-0.5n-0.5x(Al2-n-xSinTix)(Si3-yTiy)O12(出溶前石榴石)=[(1-n)/2-x/2]M3Al2Si3O12(正常石榴石)+(n/2+x/2)M2Si2O6(辉石)+(x+y)TiO2(金红石)+[(3n/2+x)/2 -y]SiO2(石英),其中n+x为这一偶合类质同象置换的程度.如果[(3n/2+x/(2-y)]≤0,石英将不存在,上式中金红石的系数将达到最大值3(n+x)/2.通过实例分析,可知这种偶合置换的程度与SiⅥ+MⅥ=AlⅥ+AlⅥ和SiⅥ+NaⅧ=AlⅥ+MⅧ偶合置换相比要低的多.实际的出溶反应还有原石榴石中后两种偶合置换消失所导致的出溶反应的贡献,而且对出溶的富Na单斜辉石是主要的贡献.给出的分解反应的逆反应,揭示了形成具有这一偶合置换的石榴石的另一种途径.     

东江鲤鱼的生物学

东江鲤鱼年轮形成时期主要在2～8月,生长特点可用von Bertalanffy生长方程L_t=851[1-e~(-0.133(t+0.0394))]、W_t=19171.5[1-e~(-0.173(t+0.0394))]~3来表达;怀卵量3.1～63.563.5万粒,怀卵量与体长、体重的关系分别为F=5.14×10~(-2)L~2.6176、F=17905.43+138.86W;食物组成周年变化不明显。结合生物学资料,讨论了东江鲤鱼资源合理利用问题,提出最小捕捞年龄应在2龄以上,捕捞强度F=0.35左右。     

一类捕食者—被捕食者种群模型的定性分析

利用常微分方程的定性理论,研究了两个种群具有非线性密度制约的捕食-被捕食者系统:dxdt=b0x(b1+b2x-b3x2)-b4xy,dydt=-cy+(αx-βy)y,的平衡点的性质,并证明了该系统存在唯一极限环的一个充分必要条件。     

哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)染色体组型与DNA含量分析

采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素、肾细胞短期培养、常规空气干燥法制备哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)的染色体。对其肾细胞染色体数目统计分析表明,哲罗鱼染色体组有84条染色体,核型公式为2n=18m+16sm+34st+16t,其染色体总臂数(NF)为118。采用流式细胞分析仪测定哲罗鱼的DNA含量,与鸡血细胞标准对照的比值为2.23±0.17,以鸡红细胞DNA含量2.30pg·N~(-1)计,则哲罗鱼的体细胞DNA含量为5.12pg·N~(-1)。哲罗鱼染色体数目和DNA含量体现为四倍体特征。     

COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS IN MANGANESE NODULES COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH PENRHYN BASIN

Manganese nodules collected from the North Penrhyn Basin are characterized by low content of Mn and Fe, medium content of Ni and Cu , and medium Mn / Fe ratios . The average content of Ni plus Co is 1.11% , maximum 1.89% . Ni content slightly exceeds the Cu content in the nodules. Ni and Cu are strongly correlated with Mn , whereas Co is strongly correlated with Fe . Nodules containing Ni+Cu+Co near or in excess of 1% are rich in Mn and have a high Mn/Fe ratio. Those with highest content of Ni+Cu+Co are concentrated at or near the carbonate compensation depth . Nodules metal contents vary with latitude and have a reciprocal relationship with abundance. Contents of Mn, Ni, Cu and Ni+Cu+Co are high in nodules found at 2 - 6°S and vary decreasingly toward 1°N and 12°S , whereas Co content varies increasingly from 2°S towards 12°S. Nodule compositional variations with latitude are controlled by biological productivity, carbonate compensation depth , sedimentation rate, and bottom current.     

方斑东风螺两种养殖模式的比较

在室内水泥池,利用沙层自净养殖模式和直接铺沙养殖模式对不同规格的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolataLink)进行了高密度养殖的研究。结果表明,沙层自净养殖模式养殖小螺、中螺、大螺组日均增重分别为0.031、0.088、0.098 g/d,沙层NH4+-N最高含量w分别为1.3、2.1、3.1 mg/L,H2S最高含量w分别为0.03、0.07、0.14mg/L,各规格组东风螺保持正常生长和活动,成活率92.9%以上;直接铺沙养殖模式养殖小螺、中螺、大螺日均增重分别为:0.023、0.051、0.068 g/d,成活率分别为95.2%、86.7%、84.9%,沙层NH4+-N最高含量w达到13.7mg/L,H2S最高含量w达到0.47 mg/L,沙层底质恶化,东风螺活动异常、不摄食。可见,沙层自净养殖模式对方斑东风螺的生长、成活率、沙层水质控制效果显著,在一定程度上克服了直接铺沙养殖底质恶化问题。     

Purification and characterization of cold-active endo-1,4-β-glucanase produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. AN545 from Antarctica

A bacterium hydrolyzing carboxymethylcellulose, isolated from Antarctic sea ice, was identified as Pseudoalteromonas sp. based on 16S rDNA gene sequences and named as Pseudoalteromonas sp. AN545. The extracellular endo-1,4-β-glucanase AN-1 was purified successively by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of AN-1 was estimated to be 47.5 kDa utilizing SDS-PAGE and gel chromatography analysis. AN-1 could hydrolyze caboxymethylcellulose, avicel and β-glucan, but not cellobiose, xylan and p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. The optimal temperature and pH for the β-glucanase activity of AN-1 were determined to be at 30°C and pH 6.0, respectively. AN-1 was stable at acidic solutions of pH 5.0-6.5 and temperatures below 30°C for 1 h. Moreover, the specific activity was enhanced by Ca2+ and Mg2+, and inhibited by Cu2+. The kinetic parameters Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of AN-1 were 3.96 mg/mL and 6.06×10-2 mg/(min·mL), respectively.     

Zn上的k次不可约多项式与k阶Carmichael数

设n是合数,如果对一切f（x）∈Zn[x]都满足f（x）nk≡f（x）mod（n,r（x））,那么就称n是模r（x）的k阶Carmichael数,这里r（x）是Zn[x]上的k次首一不可约多项式,用Ck,r（x）表示所有这种数的集合,并且定义Ck=Ur（x）Ck,r（x）.k阶Carmichael数,当k=4时,已证明了n=pq,p,q是不同的奇素数,p2-1,q3-1均整除n4-1,则n∈C4.主要目的是将k=4时得出的结论推广到k≥4的一般情形,利用孙子定理,通过构造Zn上的首一k次不可约多项式f（x）的方法,得出：在k≥4时,设n=pq,如果k=2m,m≥2,pm-1,q2m-1-1均整除nk-1,则n∈Ck;如果k=2m＋1,m≥2,pm-1,pm＋1-1,q2m-1均整除nk-1,则n∈Ck.     

Emissions of biogenic sulfur gases (H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S,COS) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> coastal marsh in the Yellow River estuary of China

Emissions of biogenic sulfur gases (hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbonyl sulfide (COS)) from Phragmites australis coastal marsh in the Yellow River estuary of China were determined during April to December in 2014 using static chamber-gas chromatography technique with monthly sampling. The results showed that the fluxes of H₂S and COS both had distinct seasonal and diurnal variations. The H₂S fluxes ranged from 0.09 μg/(m²·h) to 7.65 μg/(m²·h), and the COS fluxes ranged from–1.10 μg/(m²·h) to 3.32 μg/(m²·h). The mean fluxes of H₂S and COS from the P. australis coastal marsh were 2.28 μg/(m²·h), and 1.05 μg/(m²·h), respectively. The P. australis coastal marsh was the emission source of both H₂S and COS over the whole year. Fluxes of H₂S and COS were both higher in plant growing season than in the non-growing season. Temperature had a dramatic effect on the H₂S emission flux, while the correlations between COS flux and the environmental factors were not found during sampling periods. More in-depth and comprehensive research on other related factors, such as vegetation, sediment substrates, and tidal action is needed to discover and further understand the key factors and the release mechanism of sulfur gases.     

GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION INDEX MAPPING IN CHANGCHUN CITY, CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONGroundwater in Changchun City assures about 45% of total water supply. Drinking water supply of Chang-chun City was mostly served by surface water from Shitoukoumen and Xinlicheng reservoirs located in the east and south of the city (ZHANG, 1993). However, with the development of urban construction the ground-water especially from deep boreholes is also used for drinking purpose in suburban areas. The urbanization process in Changchun City threatens the groundwater quali…     

阴影消除植被指数(SEVI)去除地形本影和落影干扰的性能评估与应用

地形校正是崎岖山区遥感图像预处理的关键步骤。为了评估基于DEM数据的经验校正模型、山地辐射传输模型和波段组合优化计算模型在去除地形阴影效应方面的性能,并将其应用于福州市植被覆盖监测,本文采用C模型（和SCS+C模型）、6S+C模型和阴影消除植被指数（SEVI）进行评估、比较。采用1999年和2014年两期Landsat 5 TM卫星数据和相关的 30 m ASTER GDEM V2高程数据,分别计算了C校正（和SCS+C校正）和6S+C校正后的归一化植被指数（NDVI）和比值植被指数（RVI）以及基于表观反射率数据的SEVI。通过目视比较、光谱特征比较以及太阳入射角余弦值（cos i）与植被指数的线性回归分析,可以看出C模型和SCS+C模型对本影具有较好的校正效果,但对落影的校正效果欠佳。NDVI和RVI的本影与邻近无阴影阳坡的相对误差分别从71.64%、52.57%降至4.80%、6.43%（C模型）和0.50%、9.94%（SCS + C模型）,而落影与邻近无阴影阳坡的相对误差分别从62.01%、47.57%降至31.05%、24.40%（C模型）和33.42%、16.01%（SCS + C模型）。在NDVI的落影校正效果上,6S+C模型比C模型和SCS+C模型有一定的提升,本影与邻近无阴影阳坡之间的相对误差为8.63%,落影与邻近无阴影阳坡之间的相对误差为14.27%。而SEVI在消除本影和落影方面整体效果更好,本影和落影与邻近无阴影阳坡的相对误差分别为9.86%和10.53%。最后,基于SEVI对福州市1999-2014年的植被覆盖变化进行了监测。监测结果表明： ① 1999-2014年植被覆盖增加了893.61 km ²,植被增加区域主要分布在海拔250~1250 m范围内;② SEVI均值在坡度40°附近达到峰值。     

泰安市城区岩溶地下水水化学特征及成因分析

岩溶地下水是泰安市城区重要供水水源,近年来随着气候环境变化和人为活动的影响,岩溶地下水水化学特征日趋复杂,但其水化学特征及成因尚不明晰。为识别研究区地下水水化学特征、成因机制,本文采用数理统计方法、离子比值、水化学图解等方法,研究了该区岩溶地下水的水文地球化学特征。结果表明：研究区内岩溶地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3Ca型、HCO3·SO4Ca 型、HCO3·SO4·ClCa型。地下水水化学成分主要受水岩相互作用控制,以溶滤作用为主,地下水中的Ca2+、Na+、HCO-3、SO2-4主要来源于方解石、白云石的碳酸盐岩及石膏、盐岩等蒸发岩的溶解,且存在逆向的阳离子交替吸附作用,导致Ca2+含量增加,Na+含量减少,人为活动影响导致地下水中Cl-、NO-3浓度增加。研究成果为研究区内岩溶地下水的合理开发与保护提供了依据。